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  • 1
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Radiation-induced hydrocarbons ; Irradiated components ; Processed food ; Complex lipid matrices ; Argentation chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Detection of irradiated components in processed food with complex lipid matrices can be affected by two problems. First, the processed food may contain only a small amount of the irradiated component, and the radiation-induced hydrocarbons may be diluted throughout the lipid matrix of the whole food. Second, in complex lipid matrices, the detection of prior irradiation is often disturbed by fat-associated compounds. In these cases, common solid phase extraction (SPE) Florisil clean-up alone is inadequate in the detection of prior irradiation. Subsequent SPE argentation chromatography of the Florisil eluate allows the measurement of small amounts of irradiated lipid-containing ingredients in processed food as well as the detection of prior irradiation in complex lipid matrices such as paprika and chilli. SPE argentation chromatography is the first method available for the selective enrichment of radiation-specific hydrocarbons from even complex lipid matrices, thus enabling the detection of irradiation doses as low as 0.025 kGy. Furthermore, by using radiation-induced hydrocarbons in the detection of prior irradiation of paprika and chilli powder, a second independent method, the first being measurement of thermoluminescence, is available for the analysis of these matrices. Such analysis could be achieved by using this highly sensitive, cheap and easy to perform combined SPE Florisil/argentation chromatography method, without the need for sophisticated techniques like SFE-GC/MS or LC-GC/MS, so that highly sensitive detection of prior irradiation could be performed in almost every laboratory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Pantoprazole; Proton pump inhibitor drug interaction ; oral anticoagulant phenprocoumon ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Pantoprazole is a selective proton pump inhibitor characterized by a low potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 enzymes in man. Due to the clinical importance of an interaction with anticoagulants, this study was carried out to investigate the possible influence of pantoprazole on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of phenprocoumon. Methods: Sixteen healthy male subjects were given individually adjusted doses of phenprocoumon to reduce prothrombin time ratio (Quick method) to about 30–40% of normal within the first 5–9 days and to maintain this level. The individual maintenance doses remained unaltered from day 9 on and were administered until day 15. Additionally, on study days 11–15, pantoprazole 40 mg was given per once daily. As a pharmacodynamic parameter, the prothrombin time ratio was determined on days 9 and 10 (reference value) and on days 14 and 15 (test value), and the ratio test/reference was evaluated according to equivalence criteria. Results: The equivalence ratio (test/reference) for prothrombin time ratio was 1.02 (90% confidence interval 0.95–1.09), thus fulfilling predetermined bioequivalence criteria (0.70–1.43). The pharmacokinetic characteristics AUC0–24h and Cmax of S(−)-and R(+)-phenprocoumon were also investigated using equivalence criteria. Equivalence ratios and confidence limits of AUC0–24h and of Cmax of S(−)-phenprocoumon (0.93, 0.87–1.00 for AUC0–24h; 0.95, 0.88–1.03 for Cmax) and of R(+)-phenprocoumon (0.89, 0.82–0.96; 0.9, 0.83–0.98) were within the accepted range of 0.8–1.25. Conclusion: Pantoprazole does not interact with the anticoagulant phenprocoumon on a pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic level. Concomitant treatment was well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: BACKGROUND: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor characterized by a low potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in man. Its effect on intragastric pH following single and repeated oral intake was investigated in comparison to omeprazole by continuous intragastric pH-metry at doses recommended for treatment of peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: Sixteen healthy male subjects underwent two dosing periods. From day 1 to day 7, they were given once daily by mouth 40 mg pantoprazole in one period and 20 mg omeprazole in the other period, according to a double-blind randomized crossover design. Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH was recorded and frequent blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were taken on day 1 and day 7. A placebo pH profile was obtained prior to each treatment period. RESULTS: Pantoprazole was significantly more effective than omeprazole with regard to increase in 24-h and daytime pH, following both single (median 24-h pH: 1.45 vs. 1.3, P 〈 0.05; median daytime pH: 1.6 vs. 1.3, P 〈 0.01) and repeated (median 24-h pH: 3.15 vs. 2.05, P 〈 0.01; median daytime pH: 3.8 vs. 2.65, P 〈 0.05) oral intake. As compared to the first dose, repeated administration of both drugs markedly increased the effect on intragastric pH. With pantoprazole, steady- state serum concentrations were obtained after the first dose, but not with omeprazole. Both drugs were well tolerated without relevant changes in vital signs of clinical laboratory parameters. CONCLUSION: Pantoprazole 40 mg is significantly more effective than omeprazole 20 mg in raising intragastric pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 361 (1998), S. 377-380 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Based on pronounced enhancing effects in combination with other DNA-damaging agents the potentials of Ni(II), Cd(II) and As(III) to interfere with DNA repair processes in HeLa cells was investigated. With respect to oxidative DNA damage, Ni(II) and Cd(II) induced DNA strand breaks starting at concentrations of 250 μM and 5 μM, respectively. The induction of oxidative DNA base modifications like 8-hydroxyguanine was restricted to the cytotoxic concentration of 750 μM Ni(II) and not observed after treatment with Cd(II). In contrast, the removal of oxidative DNA base modifications was inhibited at concentrations as low as 50 μM Ni(II) and 0.5 μM Cd(II). Regarding nucleotide excision repair, Ni(II) and Cd(II) disturbed the DNA-protein interactions involved in the damage recognition step when applying HeLa nuclear protein extracts and a UV-damaged oligonucleotide, while As(III) inhibited the actual incision event. In the case of Ni(II) and Cd(II), this effect was reversible by the addition of Mg(II) and Zn(II), respectively. Furthermore, Cd(II) inactivated the isolated bacterial Fpg protein, most likely by the displacement of Zn(II) from its zinc finger structure. Since DNA is continuously damaged by exogenous and endogenous sources, an impaired repair capacity might well account for the carcinogenic action of the metal compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 27 (1998), S. 301-304 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Sample size • Alpha-beta-power • Effect size ; Schlüsselwörter Stichprobenumfang •α-, β-Fehler/Power • Effektgröße
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Aussagekraft einer klinischen Studie hängt in hohem Maße von der Größe der untersuchten Stichprobe ab. Der optimale Stichprobenumfang kann problemlos berechnet werden, wenn α-Fehler, Power und Effektgröße bekannt sind. In Therapiestudien betragen das α-Fehler-Niveau und die Power meist 5% bzw. 90%. Für den Stichprobenumfang ist deshalb die Effektgröße, die vom Kliniker aufgrund medizinischer Überlegungen festgelegt wird, entscheidend. Die möglichen Konsequenzen sowohl zu kleiner als auch zu großer Stichproben werden anhand der inhaltlichen Bedeutung von α-Fehler, Power und Effektgröße erörtert. Zu kleine Stichproben besitzen ein hohes Risiko falsch negativer Ergebnisse und können dazu führen, daß eine möglicherweise wirksame Therapie nicht angewandt wird. Zu große Stichproben können statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zur Folge haben, die klinisch jedoch bedeutungslos sind.
    Notes: Summary A determinant for the evidence of a clinical trial is the magnitude of the sample size. The proper sample size can be easily computed with the knowledge of α, power and effect size. Standard values for α and power in clinical trials are 5% and 90%, respectively. As consequence, effect size is crucial for the sample size. The effect size has to be determined by the clinician according to medical considerations. Possible consequences of sample sizes that are either too small or too large are discussed with regard to the meaning of α, power and effect size. Trials with improper small samples sizes have a high risk of false negative results, and may subsequently prevent the application of a possibly effective therapy. Trials with improper large sample sizes may result in statistically significant differences without any clinical relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 288-290 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Keywords Pharmacoeconomics ; High-dose chemotherapy ; Peripheral blood stem cell support
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Discussion of the total costs and cost-effectiveness ratios of patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and peripheral blood stem cell support (PBSCS) is controversial. In Germany, no reliable data are available, whereas in other countries this issue has been extensively studied. We performed a pharmacoeconomic evaluation on all patients (n = 37) treated with HDC and PBSCS at our institution between July 1994 and June 1997. Patients suffered from high-risk or poor-prognosis breast cancer (n = 24), Hodgkin's disease (n = 3), high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 4), multiple myeloma (n = 2), small-cell cervical cancer (n = 1), malignant hystiocytosis (n = 1) and testicular cancer (n = 2). For pharmacoeconomic evaluation, the period from initiation of induction chemotherapy (IC) until reconstitution after the last course of HDC and PBSCS was considered. A total of 18 patients received IC/HDC/PBSCS for locally advanced or systemic disease, and 19 patients received adjuvant or consolidation IC/HDC/PBSCS. Treatment protocols were heterogeneous. Patients were treated with two to five courses (median two) respectively of IC and sequential mono-HDC (n = 26), tandem-HDC (n = 10) or triple-HDC (n = 1). All patients received granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stem cell mobilisation and for amelioration of neutropenia after HDC. The relative costs (based on supplier prices) for the total amount of drugs prescribed during the in-patient period was 29.8% for G-CSF, 35.8% for blood products 18.5% for chemotherapy, 2.4% for antiemetics, 5.9% for antimicrobial drugs and 7.6% for other drugs. Contrary to expectations, antimicrobial drugs had only a minor pharmacoeconomic impact during IC/HDC/PBSCS in patients with high-risk or poor-prognosis malignancies, indicating that prolonged septic complications were uncommon in our institution. We conclude that pharmacoeconomic evaluations in IC/HDC/PBSCS might be integrated into the effort to ensure quality control and monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Fistula ; arteriovenous ; Embolisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report our experience in using Guglielmi electrolytically detachable coils (GDC) alone or in combination with other materials in the treatment of intracranial or cervical high-flow fistulae. We treated 14 patients with arteriovenous fistulae on brain-supplying vessels – three involving the external carotid or the vertebral artery, five the cavernous sinus and six the dural sinuses – by endovascular occlusion using electrolytically detachable platinum coils. The fistula was caused by trauma in six cases. In one case Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was the underlying disease, and in the remaining seven cases no aetiology could be found. Fistulae of the external carotid and vertebral arteries and caroticocavernous fistulae were reached via the transarterial route, while in all dural fistulae a combined transarterial-transvenous approach was chosen. All fistulae were treated using electrolytically detachable coils. While small fistulae could be occluded with electrolytically detachable coils alone, large fistulae were treated by using coils to build a stable basket for other types of coil or balloons. In 11 of the 14 patients, endovascular treatment resulted in complete occlusion of the fistula; in the remaining three occlusion was subtotal. Symptoms and signs were completely abolished by this treatment in 12 patients and reduced in 2. On clinical and neuroradiological follow-up (mean 16 months) no reappearance of symptoms was recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 37 (1998), S. 621-624 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Markerpositive germ cell tumors • Residual tumor resection • Salvage chemotherapy • High dose chemotherapy ; Schlüsselwörter Markerpositive Keimzelltumoren • Residualtumorresektion (RTR) • Salvagechemotherapie • Hochdosischemotherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus einer Gruppe von Patienten mit metastasierten Keimzelltumoren, die sich zwischen 1991 und 1997 einer Residualtumorresektion (RTR) unterziehen mußte, wurden 33 ausgewertet, die zum Operationszeitpunkt markerpositiv waren. Die Ergebnisse der histopathologischen Untersuchung des Residuums, der Verlauf der Tumormarker und das progreßfreie sowie rezidivfreie Überleben wurden beurteilt. Die Krankheitsstadien waren bei Primärdiagnose unterschiedlich: „minimal disease“n = 1, „moderate disease“n = 15 und „advanced disease“n = 17. Diese Patientengruppe hatte durchschnittlich 8,5 cisplatinhaltige Zyklen einer Polychemotherapie erhalten. Nur 11 Patienten wurden nach First-line-Chemotherapie operiert, die übrigen 22 nach Second-line- bzw. Third-line-Chemotherapie. Bei 12 von 31 auswertbaren Patienten konnte eine anhaltende komplette Remission erzielt werden. Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit beträgt für diese Gruppe 30 Monate (2–58 Monate). Die Histologie des Resektats und die Höhe der Tumormarker vor der RTR erlauben keine prognostische Einschätzung. Die Operation führt bei 44 % der AFP- und 30 % der HCG-positiven Patienten zu einer anhaltenden Remission. Sind zum Zeitpunkt der RTR die Tumormarker im Normbereich, beträgt die tumorfreie Überlebensrate 72 %; bei präoperativ erhöhten Markern überleben 39 %. Gelingt keine Markernormalisierung durch intensivierte Chemotherapie, so bleibt die RTR die einzige Möglichkeit, um den schicksalhaften Krankheitsverlauf zu beeinflussen.
    Notes: Summary We analyzed 33 patients with disseminated germ cell tumors (GCT) who underwent residual tumor resection (RTR) during the period from 1991–1997. The patients were markerpositive prior to surgery were analyzed. The histopathological examination of the resected masses, the marker dynamics and the relapse-free respectively the progressionfree survival, were evaluated. The status differed at primary diagnosis: minimal disease n = 1, moderate disease n = 15, advanced disease n = 17. The patients received at average 8,5 cisplatin-containing cycles of polychemotherapy. Only 11 patients underwent surgery after first-line-chemotherapy. The remaining received second- or third-line-chemotherapy prior to surgery. In 12 of 31 evaluable patients, a durable CR was achieved. The median follow-up for this group is 30 months (2–58 months). The histopathologic examination of the resected specimen and the tumor marker level prior to RTR do not permit determination of prognostic outcome. After operation 44 % of the AFP-positive and 30 % of the β -HCG-positive patients had a durable remission. If tumor marker levels at time of RTR are within normal range, disease-free survival is 72 %; in case of elevated markers 39 % will survive. If intensive chemotherapy fails to normalize markers, RTR remains the only option to change the fatal course of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 5 (1999), S. 598-606 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Traditionell werden neue therapeutische Konzepte in der Therapie von malignen Erkrankungen ausschließlich unter dem Aspekt der Sicherheit und klinischen Effizienz beurteilt. Erst in den letzten Jahren ist zu beobachten, daß zunehmend auch wirtschaftliche Fragestellungen systematisch untersucht werden. Unter diesem Aspekt ist die Hochdosischemotherapie (HDT) besonders interessant. Der Einsatz der HDT hat die Therapiemöglichkeiten bisher unheilbarer maligner und einiger benignen Erkrankungen erweitert, ihr medizinischer und ökonomischer Stellenwert ist bislang jedoch noch nicht ausreichend definiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kontrastmittel ; Hochdosis ; Metastasen ; Gliome ; MRT ; Key words Contrast agents ; High-dose study ; Cerebral metastases ; Glioma ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In analogy with high-dose contrast-enhanced CT, there have been a few studies during recent years that have dealt with high-dose paramagnetic contrast dyes in MRI. One reason for these studies was the development of new and low-osmolar contrast agents in the MR field. Depending on the clinical problem, a high-dose contrast study in MRI is rarely indicated: (1) in metastatic disease, MR imaging with high-dose contrast material is indicated when the standard dose study is negative or only shows a solitary cerebral lesion or a number of lesions just suitable for radiosurgery; (2) in patients with malignant glioma the high-dose study allows better definition of the tumor margins. If a radical surgical approach is planned, the diagnostic potential should be fully used; if only a biopsy or subtotal debulking is planned, a standard dose study is enough. (3) in patients with MS, a high-dose study is only recommended within therapeutic trials in which the number of active plaques is a primary variable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Analogie zu Erfahrungen mit der Hochdosiskontrastverstärkung in der CT wurden in den letzten Jahren Untersuchungen zur höheren Dosierung der paramagnetischen Kontrastmittel in der MRT gemacht. Dabei spielte auch auf dem MR-Sektor die Entwicklung von niedrig osmolaren Kontrastmitteln eine Rolle. In Abhängigkeit von der konkreten Fragestellung ist die Hochdosis-KM Gabe im kranialen MRT derzeit nur selten indiziert: 1. Zeigt das MR nach der KM-Standarddosis nur eine singuläre intrazerebrale Metastase oder aber eine Anzahl von Metastasen, bei der die Radiochirurgie gerade noch indiziert ist, ist eine zweite MR-Untersuchung mit einer Gesamtdosis von 0,3 mmol/kg KG zu empfehlen. Dies gilt auch, wenn unter der Standarddosis keine zerebrale Metastase bei malignem Grundleiden sichtbar ist. 2. Bei malignen hirneigenen Tumoren ermöglicht die Hochdosis-KM-Gabe eine bessere Definition der Tumorgrenzen. Wenn eine radikale Operation möglich erscheint, sollten die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten voll ausgeschöpft werden. Ist nur eine Biopsie oder eine subtotale Operation geplant, ist die Standarddosis ausreichend. 3. Bei der multiplen Sklerose ist die Hochdosis KM-Gabe nur in Therapiestudien indiziert, wenn eine der Zielvariablen die Anzahl der aktiven Plaques ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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