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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line cursive script recognition using time-delay neural networks and hidden Markov models (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Handwriting recognition ; Neural networks ; Cursive script ; Hidden Markov models ; Dictionary search
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a writer-independent system for online handwriting recognition that can handle a variety of writing styles including cursive script and handprinting. The input to our system contains the pen trajectory information, encoded as a time-ordered sequence of feature vectors. A time-delay neural network is used to estimate a posteriori probabilities for characters in a word. A hidden Markov model segments the word in a way that optimizes the global word score, using a dictionary in the process. A geometrical normalization scheme and a fast but efficient dictionary search are also presented. Trained on 20 k words from 59 writers, using a 25 k-word dictionary, our system reached recognition rates of 89% for characters and 80% for words on test data from a disjoint set of writers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219589
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line cursive script recognition using time-delay neural networks and hidden Markov models (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Key words: Handwriting recognition - Neural networks - Cursive script - Hidden Markov models - Dictionary search
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. We present a writer-independent system for on-line handwriting recognition that can handle a variety of writing styles including cursive script and handprinting. The input to our system contains the pen trajectory information, encoded as a time-ordered sequence of feature vectors. A time-delay neural network is used to estimate a posteriori probabilities for characters in a word. A hidden Markov model segments the word in a way that optimizes the global word score, using a dictionary in the process. A geometrical normalization scheme and a fast but efficient dictionary search are also presented. Trained on 20 k words from 59 writers, using a 25 k-word dictionary, our system reached recognition rates of 89% for characters and 80% for words on test data from a disjoint set of writers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219589
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nonuniform Percus–Yevick equation for the density profile of associating hard spheres (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 4693-4696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption of associating hard spheres on a hard wall by using the nonuniform Percus–Yevick equation for the local density and the pair correlation functions is studied. A comparison of the density profiles with computer simulation data indicates that this approximation predicts the fluid structure significantly better than the singlet Percus–Yevick and hypernetted chain approximations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470656
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Others should follow the US line on bioweapons (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 399 (1999), S. 632-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SirYour article on the controversy surrounding destruction of the smallpox virus presented well the difficult and complicated issues facing international policy-makers (Nature 398, 741; 1999). But one statement attributed to me was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/21303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GaAs nanocrystals formed by sequential ion implantation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1876-1880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sequential ion implantation of As and Ga into SiO2 and α-Al2O3 followed by thermal annealing has been used to form zinc-blende GaAs nanocrystals in these two matrices. In SiO2, the nanocrystals are nearly spherical and randomly oriented, with diameters less than 15 nm. In Al2O3, the nanocrystals are three dimensionally aligned with respect to the crystal lattice. Infrared reflectance measurements show evidence for surface phonon modes in the GaAs nanocrystals in these matrices. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361088
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density profiles of a chemically reacting fluid adsorbed on the graphite basal plane (1996)
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 46 (1996), S. 67-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Density profiles for chemically reacting hard spheres near the crystalline surface of the graphite basal plane are investigated by using the integral equation approach. The dependence of the profiles on the density of the bulk fluid, the degree of dimerization and the fluid-solid interaction potential is studied. It is shown that the density profiles of this chemically reacting fluid near the crystalline surface exhibit new features, compared with the case of a hard sphere fluid near a structureless wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01692242
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrooptic sampling of low temperature GaAs pulse generators for oscilloscope calibration (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 933-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optoelectronic generation of well characterized ultrashort electrical pulses plays an important role in the calibration of fast-sampling oscilloscopes. In this paper the authors describe the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) pulse generator, comprising a femtosecond laser and an ultrafast photoconductive switch which can generate electrical pulses as short as 650 fs. The photoconductive switch consists of a GaAs substrate with a top GaAs layer grown under low temperature conditions to ensure a subpicosecond recombination rate. The technique of electrooptic sampling is used to measure pulses on planar transmission lines, such as coplanar waveguide and coplanar stripline. Good agreement is shown between electrooptic sampling measurement and the modelling of pulse propagation along a coplanar waveguide, enabling one to optimize a design of a calibration test source. The use of a pulse generator to calibrate a 50 GHz sampling oscilloscope is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00820158
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Division patterns in the thallus ofPelvetia compressa embryos and the effects of gravity (1998)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 203 (1998), S. 112-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Brown alga ; Cleavage plane ; Embryogenesis ; Gravity ; Microtubules ; Spindle orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The pattern of divisions in the thallus ofPelvetia compressa embryos was determined with respect to the embryonic growth axis. To detect all possible division planes, embryos were viewed from two vantages which permitted observations of (1) the thallus pole and (2) the longitudinal embryonic profile. Following formation of rhizoid and thallus cells by any asymmetrical division transverse to the embryonic axis that is established prior to any divisions, the thallus cell divided twice along the embryonic axis (axial divisions) in orthogonal planes, and then divided transverse to the growth axis. This division pattern produced an eight-cell thallus with four cells in each of two layers. The spatial relation between gravity and the first axial division was investigated, and gravity was found to have little effect on the alignment of this division. The reproducible pattern of divisions in the thallus indicates spatial control of spindle positioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280593
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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