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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal material from the house of C iulius polybius in Pompeii, 79 AD (1996)
    Springer
    Human evolution 11 (1996), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1824-310X
    Keywords: dental pathology ; odontometry ; osteometry ; fetal skeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Among partly mixed collection of skeletal remains excavated in the house called “Casa di Polibio” skeletons of 13 individuals were re-assembled and identified. There were 3 adult males, 3 adult females of various ages, 4 boys, 1 girl, child of unknown sex and one foetus in the last month of intrauterine life. The foetus was associated with the skeleton of a young (16–18 years) female whose bones are stained green-blue-black, probably by the jewellery or costume. Craniometric, odontometric, and osteometric data, together with reconstruction of stature are presented. Besides a mild case of torticollis in a young adult male no special pathologies were found. Enamel hypoplasia was frequent (87.5%). Presence of dental calculus on teeth of practically all individuals, frequent dental caries (63.6% of individuals), and moderate tooth wear indicate diet of well-cooked foods rich in carbohydrates. On grounds of age and biological characteristics it may be suggested that the group included older parents, their children, eldest son and his pregnant young wife plus a pair of domestics. Other possibilities include three adult couples: grandparents, parents and newlywed eldest daughter and her husband. Final resolution of family relationships must await full analysis of metric data and the DNA analysis. It seems that the group is representative of a Pompeian household: many children born approximately 3 years apart, early age at marriage, good food, relative freedom from disfiguring disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02436628
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additional therapies in Parkinson’s disease patients: useful tools for the improvement of the quality of life or senseless loss of resources? (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 245 (1998), S. S23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Speech therapy ; Physiotherapy ; Parkinson’s disease ; Evaluation ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease problems of speech, mobility and balance occur with a high frequency. Although the symptoms of the disease can be treated by specific and individual pharmacotherapy, some of the severe symptoms such as freezing, falls, unsteadiness, and dysarthria persist. To evaluate the potential use of additional therapies, a diagnosis of all current symptoms must be performed; afterwards a specific individual treatment can be decided by the therapist based on objective data. Only if the initial evaluations of a new therapy show improvement, will such therapies be subjected to long-term evaluation, which should be also performed by the patient. This contribution presents examples of a useful prediagnosis and of the evaluation of the conventional physiotherapy. Also, two new methods are evaluated as additional therapies: low-frequency muscle stimulation and magnetic pulse therapy. A thorough symptomatic diagnostic view, specifically directed additional therapy and the careful evaluation of the use of therapies provide the only meaningful treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007734
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain Glucose Metabolism Is Controlled by Amplification and Desensitization of the Neuronal Insulin Receptor (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 777 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Glucose metabolism is essential for brain function and structure. Glucose contributes to the formation of neurotransmitters and is normally the only source for energy formation. There is increasing evidence that brain glucose metabolism is under control of the neuronal insulin/insulin receptor signal transduction. The present data clearly show that intracerebroventricularly administered insulin exerts anabolic effects on cerebral glucose/energy metabolism (amplification of the neuronal insulin receptor complex) whereas cortisol (corticosterone) acts antagonistically (desensitization of the neuronal insulin receptor complex). It is also shown that short-term cortisol (corticosterone) enhanced energy turnover in temporoparietal corfex and hippocampus. In contrast, long-term cortisol (corticosterone) reduced energy turnover in both brain structures studied. This metabolic pattern is reminiscent of that found in very old age. Therefore, it is assumed that long-term cortisol accelerates the aging process in the brain and thus the risk for age-related disorders such as dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34448.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case for instant peer review? (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 384 (1996), S. 401-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR — A recent leading article2 criticizes the use of the popular media as outlets for scientific information and states categorically that publication in peer-reviewed journal is an essential prerequisite for public discussion. Strict pre-publication peer-review procedures as applied by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/384401b0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: IS BIGGER BETTER? (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The hominid brain has increased approximately three times in size since the Pliocene, but so has the brain of equids. The tripling of hominid brain size has been considered as an indicator of increased mental abilities, as it coincided with the production of tools, weapons and other artefacts of increasing sophistication. No indicators of the increase in equid intelligence are known. Intraspecific correlation between brain size and variously measured ‘intelligence’ is, in modern humans, very weak if not completely absent. With the exception of size, there are no major differences between the anatomy of ape and human brains.2. A study of 297 estimates of body height, 626 estimates of body weight and 276 estimates of the cranial capacity of hominids dated at various periods over the past 5 million years shows that the increase in hominid brain size was paralleled by an increase in body size.3. In a sample of 45 variously dated fossil hominids, brain size correlates isometrically with body size.4. Since the Late Pleistocene (approximately 30000 years ago), human brain size decreased by approximately 10%; yet again, this decrease was paralleled by a decrease in body size.5. Therefore, it may be concluded that the gross anatomy of the hominid brain is not related to its functional capabilities. The large human brain:body size ratio may be a result of the structural reduction of the size of the gastrointestinal tract and, consequently, its musculoskeletal supports. It is related to richer, meat-based diets and extra-oral food processing rather than the exceptional increase in the size of the cerebrum. The exceptional mental abilities of humans may be a result of functional rather than anatomical evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02289.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durability of central venous catheters. A randomized trial in children with malignant diseases (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Pediatric anesthesia 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a prospective randomized study the durability of tunnelled and non-tunnelled central venous catheters was investigated in children with malignant diseases. Twenty children were included in the study but four (two in each group) had to be excluded; three because the entry criteria turned out not to be fulfilled and one because of lack of data. The median duration of the tunnelled catheters was 224 days with a range of 25–846 days which was significantly longer than that of conventional catheters (39.5 days, range 9–228 days). In addition six of eight conventional catheters were accidentally removed whereas all catheters in the tunnelled group had to be removed via a small incision. Three cases of catheter related sepsis, two in the tunnelled group and one in the conventional group, were registered. The corresponding number of infections per catheter days were 1 in 1189 days and 1 in 522 days, respectively. In conclusion cuffed, tunnelled central venous catheters are less prone to displacement than traditional percutaneous central venous catheters when used in children with malignant diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.1996.d01-18.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durability of central venous catheters. A randomized trial in children with malignant diseases (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Pediatric anesthesia 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a prospective randomized study the durability of tunnelled and non-tunnelled central venous catheters was investigated in children with malignant diseases. Twenty children were included in the study but four (two in each group) had to be excluded; three because the entry criteria turned out not to be fulfilled and one because of lack of data. The median duration of the tunnelled catheters was 224 days with a range of 25–846 days which was significantly longer than that of conventional catheters (39.5 days, range 9–228 days). In addition six of eight conventional catheters were accidentally removed whereas all catheters in the tunnelled group had to be removed via a small incision. Three cases of catheter related sepsis, two in the tunnelled group and one in the conventional group, were registered. The corresponding number of infections per catheter days were 1 in 1189 days and 1 in 522 days, respectively. In conclusion cuffed, tunnelled central venous catheters are less prone to displacement than traditional percutaneous central venous catheters when used in children with malignant diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02750.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A longitudinal study of depression in an urban spanish pubertal population (1995)
    Springer
    European child & adolescent psychiatry 4 (1995), S. 102-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-165X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les caractéristiques de la dépression furent recherchées chez 507 adolescents en utilisant une étude longitudinale de la dépression parmi une population espagnole urbaine pubertaire. Les caractéristiques de la dépression furent recherchées chez 507 adolescents en utilisant une étude longitudinale en deux temps. L'étude longitudinale de trois ans a démarré quand les gar¢ons et les filles avaient entre 11 et 12 ans respectivement. Dans la phase initiale d'investigation la Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) fut utilisée pour sélectionner les sujets pour la phase II des études dans laquelle la Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) interview fut utilisée. Les définitions de la dépression majeure (MD) et de la dysthymie (D) furent fondées sur les critères du DSMIII-R. Le développement pubertaire fut évalué par les stades de Tanner. La prévalence estimée de la dépression majeure dans l'échantillon de filles pour chaque année croissante d'âge fut de 2.2%, 2.7% et 4.1%. Dans l'échantillon masculin la prévalence pour les trois années fut 0.9%, 0.3%, 0.6%. Il n'y avait pas de relation avec l'âge. La prévalence moyenne estimée de dysthymie fut de 1.4% chez les filles et de 0.8% chez les gar¢ons. Il fut trouvé aucune association entre le développement pubertaire et la dépression. Les faits longitudinaux confirment la notion de dépression chronique dans l'adolescence précoce.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Charakteristische Merkmale für eine Depression wurden bei 507 Jugendlichen unter Anwendung eines zweistufigen Längsschnitt-Studiendesigns untersucht. Die dreijährige Longitudinalstudie begann, als die Mädchen und Jungen 11 bzw. 12 Jahre alt waren. In der Anfangs-(Screenings-)Phase wurde das Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) zur Selektion der Probanden für die Phase II der Studie benutzt. Für die zweite Phase wurde die Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised (CDRS-R)-Interview herangezogen. Die Falldefinition im Hinblick auf Major Depression (MD) und Dysthymia (D) basierte auf den DSM-III-R-Kriterien. Die Pubertätsentwicklung wurde nach Tanner erhoben. Die geschätzte Prävalenz für Major Depression in der weiblichen Stichprobe betrug in den drei Folgejahren 2.2%, 2.7% und 4.1%. In der männlichen Stichprobe betrugen die Prävalenzraten für die drei Jahre 0.9%, 0.3% und 0.6%. Es gab keinen Zusammenhang mit dem Alter. Die geschätzte durchschnittliche Prävalenz für Dysthymie betrug 1.4% bei Mädchen und 0.8% bei Jungen. Es wurde keine Assoziation zwischen Pubertätsentwicklung und Depression gefunden. Longitudinaldaten unterstützen die Vorstellung einer chronischen Depression in der frühen Adoleszenz.
    Notes: Abstract Depression characteristics were investigated in 507 adolescents using a two-stage longitudinal study design. The three-year longitudinal study started when the girls and boys were 11 and 12 years, respectively. In the initial (screening) phase the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to select subjects for phase-II of the study in which the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) interview was used. The caseness definition of Major Depression (MD) and Dysthymia (D) was based on the DSM-III-R criteria. Pubertal development was assessed by Tanner's staging. Estimated prevalence of Major Depression in the female sample for each increasing year of age was 2.2%, 2.7% and 4.1%. In the male sample the prevalence for the three years was 0.9%, 0.3% and 0.6%. There was no relation to age. The estimated mean prevalence of Dysthymia was 1.4% in girls and 0.8% in boys. No association between pubertal development and depression was found. Longitudinal data support the notion of chronic depression in early adolescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977738
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human adaptations to meat eating (1998)
    Springer
    Human evolution 13 (1998), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1824-310X
    Keywords: australopithecinae ; Tacniods ; parasites ; hominids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It is argued that Homo sapiens is a habitual rather than a facultative meat eater. Quantitative similarity of human gut morphology to guts of carnivorous mammals, preferential absorption of haem rather than iron of plant origin, and the exclusive use of humans as the definitive host by Taenia saginata and the almost complete human specificity of T. solium are used to support the argument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02436507
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafine ZrO2 powder by Laser Evaporation: Preparation and properties (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrafeine ZrO2 - Pulver durch Laserverdampfung: Herstellung und EigenschaftenUltrafeine oxidische Pulver werden durch Co2-Laserverdampfung aus grobem ZrO2-Pulver oder kompakten ZrO2-Stangen hergestellt.Die 10.6 μm-Strahlung im Leistungsbereich von 1 bis 4 kW wird durch einen quergeströmten CO2-Laser erzeugt, der in cw-und Pw-Betrieb arbeitet.Die Verdampfungsrate ist abhängig von der relativen Lage der Fokalebene zur Oberfläche des ZrO2-Pulvers, der Laserintensität und der eingekoppelten Energie.Bei einer Laserintensität von 4.2 · 105 Wcm-2 erreicht man eine optimale Verdampfungsrate von 130 g · h-1 (cw-Betrieb des Lasers).Das hergestellte Pulver besteht aus sphärischen Partikeln; deren Durchmesser variiert im Bereich von 5 bis 200 nm und kann durch die Verfahrensparameter beeinflußt werden. Die spezifische Oberfläche ist einstellbar von 10 bis 30 m2 · g-1.Das Pulver aus unstabilisiertem Zirkonium besitzt einen sehr hohen Anteil tetragonaler Phase. Im Fall von chemisch stabilisiertem Zirkonium kann sich die Zusammensetzung während des Verdampfungsprozesses und der Rekondensation ändern.
    Notes: Ultrafine oxide powders were produced by CO2 laser evaporation of coarse ZrO2 powder or compact stabilized ZrO2 materialThe 10.6μm radiation in the power range 1-4kW was generated by a transversal flow Co2 laser which can oscillate in cw and pw operationThe vaporization rate depends on the relative position of the focal plane to the surface of the ZrO2 powder, the laser intensity and the supplied energy input.At a laser intensity of 4.2 · 105 Wcm-2 the optimum vaporization rate is 130 g · h-1 (cw-operation of the laser).The produced powders consist of spherical particles; their diameters vary in the range from 5 to 200 nm can be controlled by the process conditions. The surface area (BET) is adjustable from 10 to 30 m2 · g-1.The powders of unstabilized zirconia show an unusual high content of the tetragonal phase. In case of chemically stabilized zirconia the composition can change during the process of evaporation and recondensation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270710
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