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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Fibrin sealant, which consists mainly of fibrinogen and thrombin, provides rapid haemostasis as well as tissue sealing and adhesion. Commercial, viralinactivated products are available in Europe, Canada, and Japan. Liquid fibrin sealant (LFS) has been used clinically in haemophiliacs to perform dental procedures, orthopedic surgeries, non-orthopaedic surgeries, and circumcisions. LFS use is expected to increase as commercial products will soon be available in the US. Recombinant sources and transgenic animal bioreactor systems will replace plasma-derived products and become the predominant sources for this product in the next decade. Other areas of innovation include the development of fibrin sealant bandages or dressings, expandable foams, and spray powders which will provide the haemophiliac the ability to rapidly attain control of traumatic haemorrhages prior to hospital treatment with a significant reduction in the use of IV clotting factors. Fibrin sealant products have the potential to provide life-saving control of haemorrhage, reduction in factor dependency, lower viral exposure risk, and medical care cost reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Corticosteroid therapy has become the mainstay in the treatment of asthma. However, the risk-benefit balance in the patient calls for assessment of the state of inflammation in the airways. In this respect serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) might be a marker, which can easily be measured in a clinical setting. Studies have indicated a relation between level of serum ECP and activity and severity in asthma.Objective To investigate the feasibility to guide steroid therapy on the basis of the level of serum ECP in patients with chronic asthma.Methods Twenty adult patients on maintenance inhaled steroid therapy visited the chest clinic once every 2 months over a 12-month period. At each visit a short history, blood sample for ECP and number of eosinophils, baseline spirometry, and histamine inhalation provocation test (PC20) were obtained. On the basis of level of ECP, adjustments in daily dose of steroids were considered. Data were compared with those of a previous 6-month ECP evaluation study in these same patients.Results In 10 patients mean dose of inhaled steroids was decreased 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA519:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 25%. ECP rose slightly (antilogged mean from 9.06 to 11.8μg/L) and lung function decreased slightly (mean FEV1%predicted from 85.5 to 81.6). In seven patients mean dose of inhaled or oral (n= 2) steroids was increased 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA519:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 25%. In this group ECP decreased but remained elevated at 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA519:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉20μg/L (antilogged mean from 30.5 to 25.6μg/L) and lung function improved (mean FEV1%predicted from 67.2 to 74.5). In both groups patients' scores of asthmatic well-being increased significantly, and PC20 did not show a trend. Exacerbation rate remained the same in the decreased and the no change group (n= 3, in which no substantial change in steroid dose occurred), but was reduced by about 50% in the increased group.Conclusion From this observational study it is concluded that adjusting steroid therapy guided by serum ECP-level may be helpful in tailoring asthma treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 706-712 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tuberkulose ; Impfung ; BCG ; Key words Tuberculosis ; Vaccine ; BCG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Tuberculosis is, on a global level, still one of the most important infectious diseases. Effective control of tuberculosis could probably be achieved by a combination of chemotherapy and vaccination. Although a vaccine (BCG) is available, it cannot prevent the development of tuberculosis of the lungs in adults as the most frequent disease manif- estation. The development of a new vaccine against tuberculosis therefore remains a primary goal. Because the immune defense against M. tuberculosis depends on different T-cell subpopulations, the optimal combination has to be stimulated to achieve protection. Because one third of the world population is already infected with M. tubercolosis, possibly two vaccines are needed: one therapeutic vaccine to fight an already estab- lished infection and a preventive vaccine. Currently different vaccine candidates are under development. It is still to early to predict, which may be successful.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die effektive Kontrolle der Tuberkulose, die noch immer zu den weltweit bedeutendsten Infektionskrankheiten zählt, wird am ehesten durch eine Kombination aus Chemotherapie und Impfung erreicht. Mit BCG steht zwar ein Impfstoff zur Verfügung, der jedoch den Ausbruch der Lungentuberkulose bei Erwachsenen als häufigste Erkrankungsform nicht verhindern kann. Die Entwicklung eines neuen Impfstoffs gegen Tuberkulose ist daher vorrangiges Ziel. Da die Infektabwehr von unterschiedlichen T-Zellpopulationen getragen wird, muß angestrebt werden, die für den Schutz optimale Kombination zu stimulieren. Ein Drittel der Weltbevölkerung ist mit dem Erreger bereits infiziert, so daß möglicherweise zwei Impfstoffe benötigt werden: einer zur Bekämpfung der bereits etablierten Infektion (Infektionstherapie) und ein anderer zur raschen Erregerabwehr nach Erstkontakt (Infektionsprävention). Derzeit werden unterschiedliche Impfstoffkandidaten entwickelt, deren Erfolgschancen noch schwer abzuschätzen sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 191-196 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Mouse ; Stomach ; bradykinin ; Knockout B2 receptor ; B1 receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological profile of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors in isolated stomachs from wild-type control and B2 receptor knockout mice. Isometric contractions evoked by bradykinin (BK) (9 nM) and desArg9BK (28 nM) were shown to be different. The contraction induced by desArg9BK had a longer duration than that evoked by BK and increased during incubation in vitro in stomachs of wild-type controls, while in the transgenic B2 receptor knockout mice, the contractions evoked by desArg9BK and BK were similar and followed the B1 receptor agonist pattern. BK but not the carboxypeptidase-resistant analog, [Phe8ψ(CH2-NH)Arg9]BK, was found to be active in the stomach of B2 receptor knockout mice. BK-induced contractions were prevented by mergetpa (a carboxypeptidase M inhibitor) (10 μM) and by a the B1 receptor antagonist, AcLys[DβNal7,Ile8]desArg9BK (R 715) (0.88 μM), while not being influenced by the B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140 (0.38 μM). BK and [Phe8ψ(CH2-NH)Arg9]BK were potent contractants of the wild-type mice stomach and their effects were not influenced by mergetpa or by the B1 receptor antagonist: they were reduced by HOE 140. After incubation in vitro for 3–4 hours, the tissues were treated with HOE 140 (4 μM) and FR-173657 (17 μM) to eliminate B2 receptor function. In these tissues, BK evoked a B1-like contraction which was inhibited by mergetpa (10 μM) and antagonized by R 715 (8 μM). The results indicate that BK acts primarily on B2 receptors. However, after intramural conversion to desArg9BK, activation of B1 receptors of the mice stomach occurs. In the tissues of B2 receptor knockout mice, BK behaves as a pure B1 receptor agonist while in stomachs of control animals, the B2 receptor contribution is overwhelming. After complete blockade of the B2 receptor, BK is able to evoke B1-mediated responses similar to those observed in tissues of B2 receptor knockout mice. It is concluded that the disruption of the B2 receptor gene eliminates the B2 receptor without influencing the B1 receptor system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 377-385 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Key words Pregnancy • Delivery • Adult congenital ; heart disease ; Schlüsselwörter Schwangerschaft • Angeborene Herzfehler • Erwachsene • Entbindung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Prognose angeborener Herzfehler hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten dramatisch verbessert. Gleichzeitig hat auch die Zahl von Frauen, die mit einem angeborenen Herzfehler schwanger werden, so stark zugenommen, daß diese inzwischen 30–50 % aller kardialen Erkrankungen bei Schwangeren ausmachen. Die Mehrzahl der Patientinnen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern hat eine oder mehrere Korrekturoperationen überstanden. Angeborene Herzfehler in ihrer nativen Form, kommen wesentlicher seltener vor. Während der Schwangerschaft kommt es zu Umstellungsreaktionen, die – in Abhängigkeit vom zugrundeliegenden Herzfehler – die Hämodynamik in unterschiedlicher Weise beeinflussen. Die veränderte Hämodynamik muß für jeden Herzfehler gesondert abgeschätzt werden und erfordert eine individuelle Betreuung der Patientinnen. Probleme betreffen die Auswirkung der Schwangerschaft auf die Grunderkrankung, sowie die Auswirkung der Grunderkrankung auf den Schwangerschaftsverlauf und den Fetus. Die Schwangerenberatung beinhaltet Informationen über genetische Risiken, potentiell teratogene Substanzen, Schwangerschaftsverlauf, Entbindung und postpartale Nachsorge. Heutzutage können die meisten Patientinnen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern eine Schwangerschaft gut bewältigen, wenn eine enge Kooperation zwischen Kardiologen und Gynäkologen gewährleistet ist.
    Notes: Summary Because of advances in medical treatment and surgical management the number of adolescent females with congenital heart disease increased significantly during the last decade. On the other hand, the incidence of rheumatic heart disease, which accounted for the largest number of pregnant women with heart disease in the past, has declined over the years. Pregnancy is associated with a lot of physiological adjustments, such as changes in blood volume, stroke volume and cardiac output and may result in deleterious clinical effects in patients with congenital heart disease. Although a good outcome for these woman can often be expected, congenital heart disease still represents a high-risk pregnancy for both mother and infant. The actual risk depends on the type of malformation and functional impairment of the mother. To accompany these women safely through pregnency, good cooperation between pediatric and adult cardiologists, obstetrician and other physicians is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 568-577 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Age dating ; Vosges mountains ; Variscan orogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the Saxothuringian part of the Vosges (France), a first series of Variscan plutonic rocks (diorites to granites) has been intruded by several younger granites. Rocks of both the older generations have been cross-cut by the late orogenic Kagenfels granite. The averages of the hitherto published mineral ages of the earlier rock generations are 331 and 334 Ma, respectively, whereas Rb-Sr and K-Ar dates around 290 Ma have been reported for the Kagenfels granite. Because of the unlikely large age hiatus, a redetermination of the intrusion age of the Kagenfels granite formation appeared to be irrevocable. The newly obtained mineral ages on the Kagenfels granite (K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages as well as single zircon radiogenic 207Pb/206Pb data: 331 ± 5 Ma) are about 40 Ma older than the previous results. They are interpreted as giving the time of emplacement of the Kagenfels granite during the latest Visćan. The mineral ages of the earlier plutonic rocks in this part of the Variscan Orogeny in all probability are not significantly different from their ages of intrusion. Therefore the age concordance of all three granitoid generations constrains a rather narrow time interval of orogenic magmatism close to the Lower-Upper Carboniferous boundary.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 319-333 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Andesites ; Plate tectonics ; Great Caucasus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract During the Jurassic the major tectonic units of the Great Caucasus (Bechasyn, Front Range, Main Range and Southern Slope zone) were affected by intensive magmatic activity. Magmatism within the Bechasyn zone, the northernmost unit, which represents the southern part of the Variscan-consolidated Skythian platform is considered here. With the beginning of the Early Jurassic this zone was reactivated by subsidence, accompanied by the deposition of epicontinental shallow water sediments. The Lower Jurassic portion of this sedimentary pile was intruded by numerous sills which display a clear temporal and spatial evolution. The older basic rocks are lower in the profile than the younger, more acidic rocks. A set of 75 samples, representing all exposed sills and their feeder-dikes, was analyzed for major and 21 trace elements. All samples appear more or less affected by alteration under lower greenschist facies conditions. However, these alterations essentially took place on local scales and did not affect the overall chemistry. According to their main element composition the rocks constitute a calc-alkaline series ranging from basaltic—andesitic to rhyolitic. Most of the samples are andesites. Chemically, these andesites closely resemble modern orogenic andesites occurring at convergent plate margins. Altogether, the field evidence and the chemical and mineralogical data obtained show the investigated rocks to be comagmatic and derived from basalt—andesitic initial melts by magmatic fractionation processes. Tholeiitic melts have to be considered as parental magmas, which according to the trace element characteristics of the basalt-andesitic rocks, were generated from an enriched peridotitic mantle source. 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios and σ18O values confirm the mantle origin of this rock series. The observed compositional evolution can be explained as a result of olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation of the tholeitic melts followed by amphibole and plagioclase separation. 40Ar/39Ar measurements on biotite and plagioclase phenocrysts separated from these rocks vary between 190 and 180 Ma and thereby place the magmatic activity in the late Early Jurassic, in good agreement with the stratigraphic observations. Genetically, the calc-alkaline rocks are related to a subduction zone of the Andean type. Their chemical and isotopic compositions and their age setting corroborate the plate tectonic models for the evolution of the Caucasus orogenic belt during the Jurassic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir — The discovery of leptin, a peptide hormone synthesized in adipocytes, has led to the identification of a novel signal transduc-tion pathway involved in the control of body weight1. Several alternatively spliced isoforms (a–e) of the leptin receptor (OB-R) have been cloned from ...
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsListeria monocytogenes inlGHE locus ; inlC2DE locus ; internalin multigene family ; leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins ; Listeria virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this work we identified and characterized a gene cluster containing three internalin genes of Listeria monocytogenes EGD. These genes, termed inlG, inlH and inlE, encode proteins of 490, 548 and 499 amino acids, respectively, which belong to the family of large, cell wall-bound internalins. The inlGHE gene cluster is flanked by two listerial house-keeping genes encoding proteins homologous to the 6-phospho-β-glucosidase and the succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase of E. coli. A similar internalin gene cluster, inlC2DE, localised to the same position on the L. monocytogenes EGD chromosome was recently described in a different isolate (Dramsi S, Dehoux P, Lebrun M, Goossens PL, Cossart P (1997) Infect Immun 65: 1615–1625). Sequence comparison of the two inl gene clusters indicates that inlG is a new internalin gene, while inlH was generated by a site-specific recombination, leading to an in-frame deletion which removed the 3′-terminal end of inlC2 and the 5′-terminal part of inlD. The third gene of the inlGHE cluster, inlE, is almost identical to the previously reported inlE gene. Our data show that the inlGHE gene cluster is probably transcribed from a major PrfA- independent promoter located upstream of inlG. PCR analysis revealed the presence of the newly identified inl genes inlG and inlH in most L. monocytogenes isolates tested. A mutant which has lost inlG, inlH and inlE by an in-frame deletion exhibited, after oral infection of mice, a significant loss in virulence and shows drastically reduced numbers of viable bacteria in both liver and spleen when compared to the wild-type strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Triticum aestivum L.) embryos and levels of endogenous hormones in kernels. We studied relationships between embryogenic competence and hormone levels in kernels and calli of PCYT 10 (highly competent) and Yaqui 50 (nearly incompetent) wheat grown at 15 and 25°C. Endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and six cytokinins were determined for kernels at 0, 4, 8, and 12 d past anthesis (DPA). Immature embryos were cultured at 12 DPA and hormone content of calli was determined at 7, 14, 21, and 28 d past culture initiation (DPI). Somatic embryos were counted at 28 DPI. Embryogenic competence was associated with low IAA and ABA levels in kernels from 0 to 12 DPA, high zeatin to IAA ratios in kernels at 4 DPA, and high cytokinin to auxin ratios in calli. Incompetence in Yaqui 50 may be due to low cytokinin to auxin ratios in kernels at 4 DPA and sharp increases in kernel IAA and/or ABA levels prior to embryo excision (12 DPA). Low temperature during donor plant growth delayed the rise in IAA and ABA in Yaqui 50 kernels and significantly increased the embryogenic response from both Yaqui 50 and PCYT 10 embryos. It may be possible to increase competence of nearly nonembryogenic wheat lines by growing donor plants in cool conditions, which appear to delay the accumulation of IAA and ABA in kernels.
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