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Growth of a single-wall carbon nanotube in the gap of scanning tunneling microscope (1999)

Yamashita, J. ; Hirayama, H. ; Ohshima, Y. ; [et al.]

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2450-2452

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were grown in the tunneling gap of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We could observe their growth processes in situ by operating the STM in a transmission electron microscope. The STM tip and sample were covered by graphite layers. The tip was lightly touched to the sample and subsequently retracted. Occasionally, a carbon nanobridge was generated between the tip and the sample. The bridge had the shape of SWNT at the tip side. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123877

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Linear systems analysis of kinetic behaviors of calcium ion channel gating on the biological membrane by an allosteric model (1999)

Hirayama, H. ; Okita, Y.

Springer

Computational mechanics 24 (1999), S. 71-81

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ISSN: 1432-0924

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract Linear system analysis was applied to calcium channel gating on the biological membrane. The conformational changes of calcium channel gating were expressed by an allosteric enzyme model composed of four subunits with corresponding voltage sensor molecules. The rate constants for the channel states transitions were obtained from reported biological experiments and simulation. The linear system analysis disclosed that the system is unstable and uncontrollable. Combinations of each input site and output of the channel gating state for the impulse responses and the singular values of the system showed that the potency of any particular input site for evoking impulse responses at any particular channel state and singular value is not equivalent among the channel states but favor for large numbers of voltage sensors and open channel states. Allosteric effects for modifying the concerted cooperative properties of the calcium channel have a significant influence on the singular values of the system. System optimization improved the system properties of the calcium channel and will be available for evaluating the economical channel gating of the biological membrane and artificial membrane.