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  • 1995-1999  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Nucella lapillus in a tributyltin-polluted area in west Brittany: a further example of a male genital defect (Dumpton syndrome) favouring survival (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 125 (1996), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A male genital defect was reported in a Nucella lapillus (L.) population at Dumpton Gap (England). This defect was termed “Dumpton syndrome” (DS) and appears to be a genetic feature. Its main characteristic is the absence of penis (aphally) in males and in females. In 1992, such a phenomenon was discovered in populations in the vicinity of Brest (Brittany, France). DS-affected females exhibit fewer tributyltin-induced imposex characteristics than expected in normal individuals. The percentage of female sterilization is thus lower, favouring population survival. In consequence, the DS is considered to be a “pollution-resistance” feature. Comparison with the Dumpton population revealed similarities and differences in the DS characteristics. It is thus hypothesized that the DS observed at the two locations is due to two different biological mechanisms. Indeed, aphallic males with a split prostate were observed but no underdevelopment of their vas deferens and testis was noted in the present study. In this gonochoristic gastropod species, the most DS-affected males in Brest possess an ovotestis and it is thus hypothesized that feminity is remnant in N. lapillus. Incidence of abnormality is ten times higher in females than in males. This suggested that a sex-difference operates in the Brest phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353267
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of imposex response in three Prosobranch species (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 309 (1995), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: imposex ; gastropod ; TBT ; Nucella ; Ocenebra ; Hinia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparative study of the three gastropod species Nucella lapillus (L.), Ocenebra erinacea (L.) and Hinia (Nassarius) reticulata (L.) reveals that Nucella is the most TBT sensitive species while Hinia is the least sensitive. Of the two imposex indices VDSI and RPSI, good interspecies correlations were obtained only for VDSI. The three species can be considered as complementary not only in terms of their ecology but also for their levels of sensitivity. Indeed, Nucella and Ocenebra are useful test species at TBT concentrations below 2 ng Sn 1−1 while Hinia is the more appropriate species at higher TBT levels. For the first time, two sterilised Hinia females are recorded. This sterilization does not seem to be due to proliferation of vas deferens tissue in the vaginal opening and further investigation is needed to find intermediary VDS stages between stage 4+ and sterilization. Studies using Nucella show that the use of narcotization in imposex analysis leads to an underestimation of RPSI compared with non-narcotization methods. Indeed, narcotization straightens the penis and increases its length when compared with non-narcotized animals, but this increase is proportionally higher in males than in females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014469
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical velocity of continuous and intermittent running exercise (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 73 (1996), S. 484-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Endurance ; running ; testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between exhaustion time (tlim) and distance Dlim for running exercises at constant velocity until exhaustion can be described by a linear relationship (Dlim = a + b tlim) whose slope corresponds to a critical velocity. Seven runners participated to the study which compared the critical velocity of continuous versus intermittent running exercises. The critical velocity for continuous running (Vcritc) was calculated from the results (tlimc and Dlimc) of running exercises performed at 95 and 105 % of the final velocity of the Montreal Track Test (vMTT). The intermittent running consisted of repetitions of running exercises performed at 95 and 105 % vMTT during a time equal to half the value of the corresponding tlimc, The subjects recovered during a time equal to running time while jogging at a slow pace. The critical velocity for intermittent running (Vcriti) was calculated from the cumulated running distance (Dlimi) and cumulated running time (tlimi) corresponding to 95 and 105 % vMTT. Vcriti was equal to Vcritc (4.56 ± 0.444 m.s−1 vs 4.60 ± 0.416 m.s−1). Nevertheless, in some subjects, the repetition numbers were very different for the intermittent running exercises at 95 and 105 % vMTT. This paradoxical result could be explained by the fact that the value of Vcrit should be theoretically little sensitive to a large error in the value of tlim corresponding to a velocity slightly higher than critical velocity, for intermittent exercises as well as continuous exercises.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334428
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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