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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic nephropathy in rats by a novel advanced glycation end product inhibitor, OPB-9195 (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 579-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type II diabetes mellitus ; extracellular matrix ; glomerulosclerosis ; type IV collagen ; Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty rat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We reported earlier that OPB-9195, a synthetic thiazolidine derivative and novel inhibitor of advanced glycation, prevented progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis by lowering serum concentrations of advanced glycation end products and reducing their deposition in the glomeruli. Here, we examined their contribution and that of growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. We also investigated the expression of type IV collagen in the kidneys of Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty (OLETF) rats, a Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus model, after treatment with OPB-9195. Methods. Using northern blots and immunohistochemical techniques, we determined the renal expression of TGF-β and type IV collagen mRNAs and proteins in OLETF rats. We also examined OPB-9195's effects on renal expression of VEGF mRNA and protein. Results. Concomitant increases in TGF-β and type IV collagen expression were observed at each point in time in OLETF rats not given OPB-9195. In contrast, OPB-9195 treatment greatly suppressed the renal expression of TGF-β, VEGF and type IV collagen mRNAs and proteins to that seen in non-diabetic rats. Conclusion/interpretation. Since OPB-9195, an AGE-inhibitor, prevented the progression of diabetic nephropathy by blocking type IV collagen production and suppressing overproduction of two growth factors, TGF-β and VEGF, in diabetic rats, this compound warrants further investigation. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 579–588]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051198
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in the localization of glycosaminoglycans in condylar cartilage of the mandible in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 489-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Temporomandibular joint ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proteoglycan ; Aging ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is little information available regarding the morphological and biomolecular characteristics of mandibular condylar cartilage. The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related changes in the morphology and immunolocalization of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mandibular condyles. The mandibular condylar cartilages from 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-week-old Wistar male rats were examined to verify the localization of chondroitin-4-sulfate (Ch-4S), chondroitin-6-sulfate (Ch-6S) and keratan sulfate (KS) using an indirect immunofluorescent technique with three monoclonal antibodies for glycosaminoglycans, 2-B-6, 3-B-3 and 5-D-4, respectively. Morphologically, the condylar cartilage was a growth cartilage during growing periods, began to differentiate into articular cartilage from the central area of 16-week-old condyles, and became mature articular cartilage at 32 weeks of age. A regional difference was found in the morphological features and distribution of GAGs between the anterior, central, postero-superior and posterior areas of the condyles at each age. The immunohistochemical localizations of these three glycosaminoglycans showed age-related, morphology-dependent changes, from growth cartilage to articular cartilage-like cartilage. Immunoreactions for all of the antibodies decreased progressively with age in the interterritorial matrix, while the pericellular and territorial matrix in the condylar cartilage of the mandible maintained relatively higher immunoreactivity. In conclusion, age-related and regional differences in the localization of glycosaminoglycans Ch-4S, Ch-6S, and KS were found in the mandibular condyles in rats, and these changes are believed to be related to functional and developmental requirements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185995
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of adsorbed noble gas atoms on vibrational relaxation of hydroxyl group in zeolite (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By means of tunable infrared pump–probe experiment, vibrational relaxation rates (v=1→0) of OH stretching mode of Brønsted acidic hydroxyl groups in a mordenite zeolite, which were interacting with noble gases (He, Ar, Kr, or Xe), were measured. The population lifetime, T1, decreased with the increase of the interaction with noble gases, e.g., 170 ps and 58 ps for isolated hydroxyl groups and ones interacting with Xe, respectively. Using a simple linear chain model, the mechanism for the enhancement of the relaxation rate was studied. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471873
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient absorption spectra of vibrationally excited OH/OD groups in mordenite zeolites: Effect of Xe adsorption (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 6665-6672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transient spectra following the v=1←0 excitation of the OH stretching mode of Brønsted acidic hydroxyl groups in normal and deuterated mordenite zeolites have been measured by a two-color picosecond pump–probe technique. When the OH and OD stretching bands were excited by resonant IR pulses, transient bleaching of the fundamental band (v=1←0) and the transient hot band (v=2←1) absorption signal were observed. For the OH and OD groups free of adsorbates, the spectral widths of the pump-induced signals were broadened by ∼4 cm−1 due to pure dephasing from the convoluted width of the pump and probe IR pulses. When the OH and OD groups were adsorbed by a Xe atom, the frequencies of the ν(OH) and ν(OD) bands shifted to lower frequency and at the same time the widths of both the transient bleaching and the transient hot band absorption were much broader than those of the isolated hydroxyl groups by the factor of more than three. Actually, the widths of the transient signals were about the same as those of the linear absorption signals. An adiabatic approximation has been employed to interpret the observed broadening/shift of the IR bands by making use of the results of DFT (density functional theory) calculations performed on a model cluster consisting of a Xe atom and an H3Si–(OH)–AlH3 substrate. The result agreed well with the observed spectral features. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471849
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface dynamics studied by perturbing the surface with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope—Si(100) at 80 K (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 40-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have utilized the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope to perturb a specific local structure (the C defect) of Si(100) at 80 K, and observed the dynamical symmetric(if and only if)buckled transition of the surrounding dimers. The observed large-scale transition implies that the configuration of the dimers is determined by a detailed balance among many elastic long-range forces generated by the surrounding C defects. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121716
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of some factors on protoplast formation of a microalga, Prototheca zopfii (1997)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1997), S. 355-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Achlorophyllous alga ; enzymatic degradation ; protoplast formation ; Prototheca.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of experimental factors on protoplast formation of Prototheca zopfii Kru¨ger in 0.85 m NaCl using Macerozyme R-200 were studied based on a fractional factorial experimental design. The rate of protoplast formation was mainly affected by the incubation temperature and the age of algal cells. The optimal condition for the maximum protoplast yield was determined based on a response surface model. These were: mid-logarithmic phase cells and Macerozyme concentration of 4% at a temperature of 35°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018555628895
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequent loss of heterozygosity at the deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene locus and its association with histologic phenotypes in breast carcinoma (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 441-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: DCC gene ; Breast carcinoma ; Histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene (DCC), a tumour suppressor gene that encodes a protein with high homology to the neural cell adhesion molecule, was investigated in 42 surgical specimens of primary breast carcinoma. LOH was analysed in breast carcinoma by amplifying the DNA, spanning a variable number of tandem repeats site and a restriction fragment length polymorphism site within DCC, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cell sorting was used to enrich carcinoma cells. The expression of the DCC gene was also investigated using a reverse transcription-PCR method followed by Southern blot hybridization. LOH at the DCC locus was detected in 15 (51.7%) of 29 informative cases and 10 of 13 cases having DCC-LOH showed distinct reduction or loss of DCC expression. The DCC-LOH was closely associated with certain histological phenotypes; DCC-LOH was more frequent in scirrhous carcinomas than in solid-tubular ones (P〈0.05), and was also more frequent in carcinomas with infiltration into fat tissue over the mammary gland than in those without infiltration (P〈0.05). DCC-LOH was detected in invasive lobular carcinomas (2/2), but in none of the noninvasive ductal carcinomas (0/2). These observations suggest that malignant histological phenotypes are associated with DCC-LOH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193166
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis in human gastric mucosa, chronic gastritis, dysplasia and carcinoma: analysis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; TUNEL ; Human gastric mucosa ; Carcinoma ; Ki-67
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the existence and distribution of apoptotic cells in human gastric mucosa, chronic gastritis, adenomatous dysplasias and carcinomas in 15 surgically removed stomachs in which dysplasia and carcinoma were found simultaneously. Serial sections were cut for immunohistochemistry for p53 oncoprotein and Ki-67 antigen, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL). TUNEL signal-positive apoptotic cells were rare in normal mucosa, while a few apoptotic cells were noted in gastritic mucosa and intestinal metaplasia, intermingled with Ki-67 antigen-positive cells forming a generative cell zone. This suggests the cell-cycle-dependent apoptosis of gastric mucosa. The frequency of apoptotic cells per crypt was higher in incomplete than in complete metaplasia, implying greater underlying DNA damage in the former. TUNEL indices (TI; percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in tumour cells) were slightly higher in adenomatous dysplasias (4.9±2.1) than in carcinoma (3.9±1.1), but there was no no statistical difference. Ki-67 indices (KI; percentage of Ki-67 antigen-positive cells in tumour cells) were significantly (P〈0.05) higher in carcinomas than in dysplasias. Thus, gastric adenomatous dysplasias were characterized by relatively higher TI and lower KI, which might reflect a more static growth potential. The expression of p53 oncoprotein in cancer cells is thought to be an apoptosis-suppressing event, although its precise role remains to be elucidated. Overall, these results indicate that apoptosis plays a crucial part in the morphogenesis of gastritic mucosa including intestinal metaplasia, and that the process is correlated both with tumourigenesis and with proliferative activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196695
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary characteristics of influenza B virus since its first isolation in 1940: dynamic circulation of deletion and insertion mechanism (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 1569-1583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  New antigenic variants of B/Yamagata/16/88-like lineage which appeared in the season of 1997 as a minor strain tended to predominate in the following season. Also, we could observe for the first time, three peaks of activity caused by H3N2 virus and two variants of B influenza virus. Antigenic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that B/Victoria/2/87-like variants appeared again in Japan in 1997 after a nine-year absence. Influenza B viruses evolved into three major lineages, including the earliest strain (I), B/Yamagata/16/88-like variants (II), which comprised of three sublineages (II-(i), II-(ii), II-(iii)), and B/Victoria/2/87-like variants (III). Evolution of influenza B virus hemagglutinin was apparently distinguishable from that of influenza A virus, showing a systematic mechanism of nucleotide deletion and insertion. This phenomenon was observed to be closely related to evolutionary pathways of I, II-(i), II-(ii), II-(iii) and III lineages. It was noteworthy to reveal that the nucleotide deletion and insertion mechanism of influenza B virus completed one cycle over a fifty-year period, and that a three nucleotide deletion was again observed in 1997 strains belonging to lineage II-( iii). It was evident that amino acid substitutions accompanying nucleotide insertions were highly conserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050399
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary characterization of recent human H3N2 influenza A isolates from Japan and China: novel changes in the receptor binding domain (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 141 (1996), S. 1349-1355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent human H3N2 influenza viruses isolated in Japan and China were characterised from an evolutionary point of view. They appeared to have divided into three minor branch clusters, including 1992–1993, 1993–1994 and 1994–1995 isolates. It was of particular interest to reveal that in addition to amino acid substitutions in the antigenic sites of the HA molecule, amino acid changes occurred at position 226 of the receptor binding site from lysine or glutamine to isoleucine in all strains belonging to the 1994–1995 branch cluster. This is the first evidence of human H3N2 influenza isolates, or any other influenza HA serotypes, to contain a conserved amino acid residue other than lysine or glutamine at this key position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718836
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