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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro rearing of Edovum puttleri, an egg parasitoid of the Colorado potato beetle – development from egg through the pupal stage (1998)
    Springer
    BioControl 43 (1998), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: artificial diet ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Eulophidae ; Hymenoptera ; metamorphosis ; molting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A variety of semi-defined artificial diets were developed and tested for their ability to support the in vitro development of Edovum puttleri. In the most effective diet, 2.6% of E. puttleri pupated. This diet contained high levels of hen egg yolk combined with Manduca sexta larval hemolymph, or with a mixture of M. sexta egg homogenate and larval hemolymph. Egg homogenate alone (without the addition of hemolymph) was not capable of supporting the parasitoid's development. Thus, hemolymph appears to contain unidentified factor(s) important for inducing pupation of the wasp. Addition of M. sexta pupal fat body tissue extract (in place of hemolymph) also promoted pupation of E. puttleri. Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larval hemolymph could not replace M. sexta larval hemolymph. Fractionation irreversibly reduced the growth-promoting effects of M. sexta larval hemolymph. However, the most effective fraction contained components whose molecular weights were ≥1000 kd. In diets that were devoid of insect materials, the best results were achieved when hen egg yolk, FreAmine, yeast extract, lactalbumin, trehalose, fetal bovine serum and bovine milk were included. This is the first report of an artificial diet for in vitro rearing an eulophid parasitoid from the egg through the pupal stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009955804243
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole attenuates both alcohol and saccharin intake in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 120 (1995), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alcohol-preferring rats ; Saccharin intake ; Alcohol intake ; ICI 174864 ; Naltrindole ; Delta opioid receptor antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study demonstrates that the selective delta receptor antagonists ICI 174864 and naltrindole (NTI) attenuate alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner, without altering water intake, in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference. ICI 174864 had a very limited duration of action, as evidenced by the fact that suppression of alcohol intake lasted for only an hour following ICI 174864 administration. NTI, when administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg, suppressed alcohol intake by 28%. Increasing the dose of NTI to 15 mg/kg produced a 44% suppression of alcohol intake, but a further increase to 20 mg/kg did not produce greater suppression than was seen with a dose of 15 mg/kg (46% versus 44%, respectively). This suggests that NTI is maximally effective in suppressing alcohol intake at a dose of 15.0 mg/kg. NTI displayed a long duration of action, as evidenced by attenuation of alcohol drinking that lasted for at least 8 h following drug treatment. Administering the maximally effective dose of NTI (15 mg/kg) in two parts, separated by 4 h, served to prolong the duration of action of NTI and produced an attenuation of alcohol intake, but not water intake, that lasted for at least 28 h. The effect of NTI on alcohol intake was not specific for alcohol, as evidenced by the fact that NTI reduced the intake of saccharin solutions with and without alcohol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246191
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of selected physical and chemical treatments of Colorado potato beetle eggs on host acceptance and development of the parasitic wasp, Edovum puttleri (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 90 (1999), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: physical and chemical effects ; parasitization ; Colorado potato beetle ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Edovum puttleri ; Hymenoptera ; Eulophidae ; UV irradiation ; host age ; freezing ; kairomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of various physical and chemical treatments of Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] eggs on parasitization and development of the egg parasitoid Edovum puttleri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were investigated. UV irradiation did not affect host acceptance but reduced host suitability for UV exposure times ≥90 min. Susceptibility of host eggs to UV irradiation varied with host age; eggs were most vulnerable to damage from irradiation at 12, 18, and 24 h post-oviposition. The rate of parasitization also was influenced by host age. Percent parasitization was greatest in freshly laid eggs and 24–30 h old eggs. Seventy-seven percent of host eggs frozen at −20 °C (5 min) were parasitized by E. puttleri, but extended exposure of eggs to −20 °C reduced both acceptance and suitability. Host eggs that had been washed with hexane (removal of kairomone and sticky layer) also were parasitized. After 5 min of washing, application of kairomone significantly increased the rate of parasitism (from 74.7% to 88.2%), but with longer periods of washing, kairomone application had no significant effect on percent parasitism. Thus, the sticky material(s) coating the egg did not appear to be essential for parasitization to occur. Our results provide effective methods and times for treating Colorado potato beetle eggs to maximize parasitization and development of E. puttleri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026425813762
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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