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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Conclusions Several cases of extremely strong quiescences have been investigated in great detail, and it was found that they are statistically highly significant and that they cannot be reasonably explained by catalog heterogeneity. Several additional cases of quantitatively measured quiescence have been documented. The method of measuring quiescence has progressed from using visual means to using a quantitative approach, and the understanding of the noise sources has significantly advanced during the last few years. Therefore I feel that quiescence is a real phenomenon and the method to detect it has matured to a point that is acceptable for the List of Significant Precursors, although considerably more work needs to be done to understand this parameter and its role in the earthquake generation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low density lipoprotein oxidation ; low density lipoprotein fatty acids ; lipid peroxidation ; conjugated dienes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is related to the fatty acid composition which is altered in diabetes mellitus. This study examines the relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein oxidation. A group of nine non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients were compared to seven healthy control subjects before and after a high monounsaturated diet. Lipoproteins were isolated and oxidisability was measured by conjugated diene formation and lipid peroxide analysis. Serum HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. LDL cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in the diabetic patients was significantly higher at baseline and decreased after diet (p〈0.05) while oleic acid increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p〈0.05). HDL cholesteryl ester oleic acid was lower in the diabetic patients compared with control subjects (p〈0.05) before diet and it increased significantly after diet (p〈0.05). LDL lipid peroxides and conjugated diene formation were related to LDL glycation (r=0.46, p〈0.05 and r=0.49, p〈0.05, respectively). Both decreased following diet (lipid peroxides for diabetic patients from 476±30 to 390±20 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05 and for control subjects from 350±36 to 198±30 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05). HDL conjugated diene formation decreased in both groups after diet but only significantly in the control group (55.4±7.5 to 53.2±6.7 nmol/mg protein for diabetic patients and 45.8±6.4 to 31.6±4.8 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05 for control subjects). There was a positive correlation between LDL lipid peroxide formation and percentage of cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in LDL from diabetic patients (r=0.61, p〈0.05) and control subjects (r=0.91, p〈0.01). Fatty acid composition of LDL was reflected in the composition of HDL. In the presence of HDL lipoprotein peroxidation decreased. This decrease in lipoprotein peroxidation was positively related to the percentage of linoleic acid in LDL (r=0.71, p〈0.05). This study confirms the close relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and HDL and demonstrates the importance of the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fraction in relation to LDL oxidation in diabetes. Linoleic acid in HDL appears to be a protecting factor against oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low-density lipoprotein oxidation ; dietary fatty acids ; low-density lipoprotein composition ; glycated low-density lipoprotein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic subjects may be due to enhanced foam cell formation following an increased susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. This study has compared fatty acid content and lipoprotein oxidisability in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with that in 10 control subjects. Both groups were normocholesterolaemic and the diabetic subjects had higher triglyceride levels (2.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p 〈 0.05). The fatty acid composition was compared in low density lipoprotein following Folch extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography (for the lipid classes) and analysis by gas liquid chromatography. Low density lipoprotein oxidisability was assessed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance formation in the presence of copper ions. The esterified/free cholesterol ratio was higher in the low density lipoprotein from patients compared to control subjects (2.9 ± 0.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.3, p 〈 0.05). Linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipoprotein was higher in the patients than in the control subjects (48.2 ± 2.2 % vs 42.4 ± 3.4 %, p 〈 0.05) as was the total quantity of linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction (317.8 ± 68.0 vs 213.2 ± 28.0 μg/mg protein, p 〈 0.05) and in the low-density lipoprotein as a whole (443.2 ± 70.0 vs 340.2 ± 28.2 μg/mg protein, p 〈 0.05). Lipoprotein oxidisability was also increased in the diabetic group with increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (35.6 ± 7.2 vs 22.3 ± 3.5 nmol/mg protein, p 〈 0.05, increased total diene formation (502 ± 60 vs 400 ± 30 nmol/mg protein, p 〈 0.05) and increased rate of diene formation (7.2 ± 0.6 vs 5.1 ± 0.9 nmol diene · mg protein–1· min–1, p 〈 0.05). This study indicates that low-density lipoprotein from diabetic subjects is more susceptible to oxidation. This could, in vivo, accelerate foam-cell formation thereby increasing atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1300–1306]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low density lipoprotein oxidation ; low density lipoprotein fatty acids ; lipid peroxidation ; conjugated dienes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is related to the fatty acid composition which is altered in diabetes mellitus. This study examines the relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein oxidation. A group of nine non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients were compared to seven healthy control subjects before and after a high monounsaturated diet. Lipoproteins were isolated and oxidisability was measured by conjugated diene formation and lipid peroxide analysis. Serum HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. LDL cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in the diabetic patients was significantly higher at baseline and decreased after diet (p 〈 0.05) while oleic acid increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p 〈 0.05). HDL cholesteryl ester oleic acid was lower in the diabetic patients compared with control subjects (p 〈 0.05) before diet and it increased significantly after diet (p 〈 0.05). LDL lipid peroxides and conjugated diene formation were related to LDL glycation (r = 0.46, p 〈 0.05 and r = 0.49, p 〈 0.05, respectively). Both decreased following diet (lipid peroxides for diabetic patients from 476 ± 30 to 390 ± 20 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05 and for control subjects from 350 ± 36 to 198 ± 30 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05). HDL conjugated diene formation decreased in both groups after diet but only significantly in the control group (55.4 ± 7.5 to 53.2 ± 6.7 nmol/mg protein for diabetic patients and 45.8 ± 6.4 to 31.6 ± 4.8 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05 for control subjects). There was a positive correlation between LDL lipid peroxide formation and percentage of cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in LDL from diabetic patients (r = 0.61, p 〈 0.05) and control subjects (r = 0.91, p 〈 0.01). Fatty acid composition of LDL was reflected in the composition of HDL. In the presence of HDL lipoprotein peroxidation decreased. This decrease in lipoprotein peroxidation was positively related to the percentage of linoleic acid in LDL (r = 0.71, p 〈 0.05). This study confirms the close relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and HDL and demonstrates the importance of the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fraction in relation to LDL oxidation in diabetes. Linoleic acid in HDL appears to be a protecting factor against oxidation. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 667–676]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Chylomicron composition ; apolipoprotein B48 ; microsomal triglyceride transfer protein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to examine factors involved in chylomicron production in the streptozotocin diabetic rat, our hypothesis being that the synthesis of the chylomicron is abnormal in diabetes. Methods. Diabetic rats (n = 20) were paired with control rats (n = 20). Cholesterol emulsion was given by gavage and the lymph duct was cannulated. Lymph was collected for 4 h. Chylomicrons were prepared from the lymph by ultracentrifugation. Lymph apolipoprotein B48 was isolated by gradient gel electrophoresis and quantified by densitometric scanning. Intestinal microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA was measured by solution hybridisation nuclease protection, using a rat specific [32P]-labelled cRNA probe. Results. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol were greatly increased in diabetic compared with control animals (258 ± 77 and 8.9 ± 6.4 mg/ml vs 1.04 ± 0.37 and 0.54 ± 0.03 mg/ml, p 〈 0.0001). Lymph chylomicron triglyceride and cholesterol were also higher in diabetic rats (29.4 ± 27.3 and 0.28 ± 0.3 mg/h vs 16.8 ± 10.6 and 0.18 ± 0.09 mg/h, p 〈 0.05). Lymph chylomicron apo B48 was similar in the two groups. Intestinal microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA was higher in the diabetic rats (12.6 ± 3.2 vs 3.8 ± 3.0 amol/μg RNA, p 〈 0.0001) and there was a positive correlation between lymph triglyceride and microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA in the whole group (r = 0.65, p 〈 0.01). Conclusion/interpretation. The study shows that microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA is raised in diabetes without an increase in apolipoprotein B48 in the lymph suggesting that microsomal triglycerol transfer protein regulates chylomicron triglyceride content but not particle number. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 944–948]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low-density lipoprotein oxidation ; dietary fatty acids ; low-density lipoprotein composition ; glycated low-density lipoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic subjects may be due to enhanced foam cell formation following an increased susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. This study has compared fatty acid content and lipoprotein oxidisability in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with that in 10 control subjects. Both groups were normocholesterolaemic and the diabetic subjects had higher triglyceride levels (2.2±0.4 vs 1.2±0.2 mmol/l, p〈0.05). The fatty acid composition was compared in low density lipoprotein following Folch extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography (for the lipid classes) and analysis by gas liquid chromatography. Low density lipoprotein oxidisability was assessed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance formation in the presence of copper ions. The esterified/free cholesterol ratio was higher in the low density lipoprotein from patients compared to control subjects (2.9±0.1 vs 1.9±0.3, p〈0.05). Linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipoprotein was higher in the patients than in the control subjects (48.2±2.2% vs 42.4±3.4%, p〈0.05) as was the total quantity of linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction (317.8±68.0 vs 213.2±28.0 Μg/mg protein, p〈0.05) and in the low-density lipoprotein as a whole (443.2±70.0 vs 340.2±28.2 Μg/mg protein, p〈0.05). Lipoprotein oxidisability was also increased in the diabetic group with increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (35.6±7.2 vs 22.3±3.5 nmol/mg protein, p〈0.05, increased total diene formation (502±60 vs 400±30 nmol/mg protein, p〈0.05) and increased rate of diene formation (7.2±0.6 vs 5.1±0.9 nmol diene · mg protein−1 · min−1, p〈0.05). This study indicates that low-density lipoprotein from diabetic subjects is more susceptible to oxidation. This could, in vivo, accelerate foam-cell formation thereby increasing atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 105-107 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Recombinant rhamnogalacturonase A from Aspergillus aculeatus has been crystallized and X-ray diffraction data has been collected. Crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique, under the conditions 10% PEG 8000, 0.05 M KH2PO4 and 0.1 M sodium acetate buffered at pH 3.5. The crystals diffract beyond 2.0 Å resolution and belong to one of the orthorhombic space groups I212121 or I222, with the unit-cell parameters a = 62.9, b = 125.4 and c = 137.0 Å. There is one molecule in the asymmetric unit and a solvent content of approximately 54%. The enzyme is highly glycosylated corresponding to 5.9 kDa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 311-315 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The first crystal structure of an active autolysate form of porcine α-trypsin (APT), a two-chain molecule obtained from the limited autolysis of porcine β-trypsin at position Lys145–Ser146, has been determined. APT crystallizes in space group P212121 with one protein molecule in the asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by molecular replacement followed by refinement using X-PLOR to an R factor of 0.200 and an Rfree of 0.285 for 8.0–1.8 Å data with r.m.s deviations from ideal values of 0.01 Å and 1.7° for bond lengths and bond angles, respectively. Comparison with inactive autolysate porcine ε-trypsin (EPT) and porcine β-trypsin in complex with bittergourd trypsin inhibitor (MCT) revealed a small but systematic directional chain shift around the active-site residues from APT to EPT to MCT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 756 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 7734-7749 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of CH3, CH2D, and CD3 adsorbed on Ni(111) and the products of their reactions is presented. The synthesis of adsorbed methyl radicals from CH4, CH3D, or CD4 is effected by molecular beam techniques. The ability to measure these spectra by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) at higher resolution (35 cm−1) and higher sensitivity (5×106 counts/s) has allowed new features to be observed and a symmetry analysis to be carried out. It is concluded that the CH3 radical is adsorbed with C3v symmetry on a threefold hollow site. The symmetric C–H stretch mode of CH3 and the overtone of the antisymmetric deformation mode are observed to be in Fermi resonance. At temperatures above 150 K, CH3 dissociates to form adsorbed CH. Confirmation for the assignment to a CH species is found in the observation that the spectrum measured after thermal decomposition of CH2D is a superposition of those from the decomposition of CH3 and CD3. The adsorption site of the CH species is concluded to be a threefold hollow site and the geometry of the Ni3–C–H is concluded to be pyramidal. At temperatures above 250 K, carbon–carbon bond formation between the CH species is observed to yield C2H2. Low coverages of C2H2 are shown to dehydrogenate at 400 K. High coverages of C2H2 are shown conclusively to trimerize to form adsorbed benzene in contrast to a literature report of C2H2 dissociation to adsorbed CH at these temperatures. The relative stabilities of the hydrocarbon species on Ni(111) are determined to be CH3〈CH+2H 〈1/2C2H2+2H〈1/6C6H6+H2(g). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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