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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AGING AND COOKING EFFECTS ON SENSORY TRAITS OF PORK FROM PIGS OF DIFFERENT BREED LINES (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of muscle foods 9 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4573
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of postmortem aging time (2, 9, and 16 days) and endpoint cooking temperature (60, 70, and 80C) on the eating characteristics of pork longissimus (LD) muscle were evaluated. Gilts (n=60) were from 4 different commercial hybrid genotypes (15 pigs/genotype) selected to produce a range of intramuscular fat. Results suggest that LD muscle from genotype 2, which was selected for its propensity to increase marbling had higher intramuscular fat content, tenderness and juiciness scores than that from the other genotypes (P 〈 0.05). Increasing aging time from 2 to 16 days increased sensory juiciness and tenderness, and decreased instrumental shear force and cooking loss (P 〈 0.05). Aging for nine days decreased shear force (P 〈 0.05) but had no effect on tenderness and juiciness scores and cooking loss when compared to 2 days aging. Increasing endpoint temperature increased cooking loss and shear force, and decreased tenderness (P 〈 0.05) and juiciness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4573.1998.tb00661.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water Relations, Forage Production, and Photosynthesis in Tall Fescue Divergently Selected for Carbon Isotope Discrimination (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 1663-1670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: 3 plants and is potentially useful for breeding crops with improved WUE. Therefore, an assessment of the selection response of Δ and its relationship to plant water status and forage production is needed. Divergent selection for high Δ (low WUE expected) and low Δ (high WUE expected) was completed for two cycles from a `Kentucky 31' tall fescue base (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) population (Co ). Water relations, forage production, and Δ were evaluated in Co and the selected populations in irrigated and dryland field environments in 1995 and 1996. Average realized heritability for Δ was 0.49, suggesting that Δ could be successfully manipulated in a breeding program. In 1995, leaf pressure potential (turgor) was higher in the populations selected for low Δ, but in 1996, no differences in water relations measurements were observed. High-Δ populations always had lower forage production than observed in Co, but the low-Δ populations never produced more than the Co population. In greenhouse-grown plants, high-Δ populations had higher internal substomatal [CO2] than Co, linking Δ with mechanisms that cause lower WUE. However, the internal [CO2] of the low-Δ populations and Co did not differ, suggesting that selection for low Δ may not have increased WUE as expected. The results show that Δ is a heritable trait in tall fescue, but an absence of increased production in populations selected for low Δ may limit its utility in tall fescue breeding programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Structure of Regeneration Populations of Annual Ryegrass (1998)
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 851-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Lolium multiflorum Lam. (annual ryegrass). The three regeneration samples were (i) balanced (equal number of seeds per plant combined), (ii) spike (an inflorescence per plant combined), and (iii) bulk (seeds combined proportionally according to seeds per plant). Analysis of 10 loci from eight isozymes was completed on populations of 88 plants for each accession and sampling method. Allelic frequency after the first regeneration in balanced populations deviated from the original at 4% of the polymorphic loci, with differences occurring at 19% of the loci for both spike and bulk populations. For one accession, a second regeneration cycle was completed. The balanced population did not differ from the original but the spike and bulk populations did differ from the original at 33% of the polymorphic loci. The greater deviation from the original allelic frequencies of spike and bulk populations was associated with their variation in progeny numbers per plant, which reduced effective population size (N e) an average of 27%. After the first regeneration, mean heterozygosity per locus was 0.27, 0.28, and 0.26 for balanced, spike, and bulk populations, respectively, and mean alleles per locus was 2.6 for balanced and spike populations and 2.5 for bulk populations. Thus diversity, measured as heterozygosity and alleles per locus, was maintained nearly as well with bulk or spike samples as balanced samples. The results suggest that the major disadvantage of bulk and spike sampling was the potential for accelerated genetic drift associated with reduced N e.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oil and meal characteristics of core and non-core safflower accessions from the USDA collection (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 611-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius ; core collections ; fatty acids ; phenolic glucosides ; safflower ; vitamin E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Germplasm evaluation of ex situ collections is needed to document collection characteristics, enhance utilization, and to determine collection needs. The objectives of this study were to (1) provide oil and meal evaluation information for a major portion of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) collection, (2) compare ranges, variances and means between 203 core and 797 non-core accessions, and (3) determine if region of origin could be differentiated based on accession oil and meal characteristics. Means of the core and non-core accessions differed for % oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, α-tocopherols, and phenolic glucosides (both bitter and cathartic) (P〈0.05). Differences between linoleic acid, oleic acid and β-tocopherol means were not significant, and the variance between core and non-core accessions differed only for palmitic acid. Thus the core was not fully representative of the non-core accessions, but did capture a large fraction of the diversity in oil and meal factors present. Accessions from the Americas, China, South-West Asia, and South-Central Asia were differentiated using canonical discriminate analysis, but these regions overlapped to varying degrees with the E. European, Mediterranean, and E. African regions. Variation in % oil and fatty acids were generally more important than tocopherols and phenolic glucosides in differentiating accessions on a regional basis. The check cultivars Montola 2001 (high oleic) and Morlin (high linoleic) had oil and fatty acid content comparable to the maximums found in the collection. The ranges for tocopherols and phenolic glucosides among collection accessions, however, exceeded those of the cultivars, suggesting that collection accessions could be useful for genetic manipulation of these factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008756600094
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