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  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a fry (0+;) abundance index, based on semi-quantitative electrofishing, to predict Atlantic salmon smolt runs in the River Bush, Northern Ireland (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An abundance index for 0+ Atlantic salmon was based on semi-quantitative electrofishing estimates at 137 sites in typical juvenile habitat throughout the River Bush (N. Ireland). 0 + abundance was linearly related to total smolt numbers migrating through a downstream trap in subsequent years (r2= 0.716, P〈0.001), suggesting a high degree of predictive ability. This predictive ability decreased as smolt age increased, suggesting influence of density-independent mortality. Potential application of the technique to estimate smolt production from rivers having no trapping facilities is discussed, together with sources of variability potentially affecting estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01877.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of silicon nitride films in an oxygen plasma (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 3319-3326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fabrication of oxynitrides using low thermal budget process technology is a key component in the production of advanced devices. This work focuses on the use of plasma anodization of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride films to produce silicon oxynitride films, which are characterized structurally and electrically. The oxynitride dielectric films have a three layer structure, with "SiO2"-like layers at the surface and near the interface, and a "Si3N4"-like layer between them. Hence, nitrogen atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms at the surface of the film and near the Si/dielectric interface. The conductivity of the silicon nitride film was found to be higher than the silicon oxynitride film, whereas the conductivity of the oxynitride and, therefore, its trapping characteristics are more temperature dependent. Furthermore, the activation energy required to release an electron from a trap in the silicon oxynitride film (0.218 eV) is 1.7× that of the silicon nitride film (0.130 eV). Although oxidation of the LPCVD silicon nitride film did not reduce the interface trap density (≅1012 cm−2 eV−1 for both Si3N4 and SiON films), the density of traps, which are thought to be silicon dangling bonds in the form of an sp3 state near midgap, have reduced. A model to explain the conduction properties of the silicon oxynitride film—based on the Fowler–Nordheim conduction mechanism—was developed. Moreover, this model takes into account the trapping dynamics of the film. It was found that the best theoretical fit to the experimental current density data was obtained by assuming that the areal trap density, No,=5×1012 cm−2 and the trap capture cross section, σ=1×10−16 cm2. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369678
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exciton saturation in room temperature GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 936-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report time resolved studies of optically induced circular dichroism in room temperature GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells to resolve spin-dependent and spin-independent contributions to exciton saturation. Phase-space filling and Coulomb contributions were separated by spin dependence while the effects of broadening and screening were distinguished using different pulse bandwidths. Bound and free carrier contributions were compared by observing the temporal dependence of the circular dichroism on femtosecond timescales. The spin independent contribution to exciton saturation was found to be independent of whether the carriers were bound or free. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119694
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localized Kerr-type nonlinearities in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures at 1.55 μm (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3078-3080 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the use of a novel impurity free vacancy disordering technique which has been used to produce waveguides with different Kerr-type nonlinear coefficients. The technique relies on standard SiO2 dielectric caps to promote disordering and Ga2O3 caps to suppress disordering. Band-gap shifts of around 40 nm and consequent changes in n2 of more than 60% are reported. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116428
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear single wavelength polarization switching in InGaAs/InP quantum well waveguides (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1871-1873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The existence of two polarization dependent band edges in InGaAs/InP quantum well material has been used to demonstrate single wavelength all-optical switching in a nonlinear guided wave Fabry–Perot resonator. The device had a single quantum well embedded in the optical waveguide and was characterized as a function of input pump power and laser wavelength using laser pulses of about 45 ps duration at a repetition rate of 82 MHz. A signal gain factor of over two was obtained for pump pulses of 1.2 pJ and the optimum operating wavelength of 1.51 μm was found to coincide with the heavy hole exciton absorption resonance. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of 5-ASA from Pentasa in patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Pentasa is a controlled-release tablet made from semipermeable microspheres and designed to continuously deliver therapeutic quantities of 5-ASA (5-aminosalicylic acid) throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Scintigraphic studies in healthy subjects have documented that 5-ASA release could occur in the small intestine. We tested here the disintegration of Pentasa in the digestive tract of nine patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine. Materials: Each patient was given, after breakfast, a 250 mg tablet of Pentasa containing samarium-153 oxide. For 8 h the progression of the isotope in the gastrointestinal tract was followed using gamma camera scintigraphy. Plasma measurement of 5-ASA and acetylated 5-ASA was used to verify the liberation and absorption of 5-ASA. Results: The Pentasa tablet appeared completely dissolved in the stomach by 117 ± 18 min. Samarium oxide was first detected in the small intestine 60 ± 5 min after its ingestion; it reached the colon after 280 ± 13 min and it was completely absent from the small intestine at 360 ± 26 min. Plasma concentrations of 5-ASA started to rise after 67 ± 7 min and were maximal at 222±25 min. Conclusion: In patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine, Pentasa microgranules start releasing 5-ASA in the proximal small intestine, acting locally to exert its beneficial effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00387.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between a summer fry (0+) abundance index, derived from semi-quantitative electrofishing, and egg deposition of Atlantic salmon, in the River Bush, Northern Ireland (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Atlantic salmon survival in the R. Bush (N. Ireland) from egg to summer 0+ was inversely density-dependent on egg deposition (P〈0.05). A stock-recruitment relationship derived from egg deposition and summer 0+ abundance index data was compared to that derived from adult and smolt counts based on total trapping. Fitted Ricker curves indicated maximum recruitment at around 2.35 million eggs and 2.46 million eggs for 0+ index and smolt count methods, respectively. Salmon 0+ abundance index data from semi-quantitative electrofishing could be obtained with relatively little effort, and used to derive whole-river stock-recruitment relationships on rivers where only adult count or some other estimator of parental stock is available. The derivation and expression of spawning targets from stock/recruitment relationships is discussed with reference to the R. Bush data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb06029.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray absorption spectroscopy of transition aluminas (1999)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 448-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598016549
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace metal contamination in and on Balsam fir (abies Balsamea (L) Mill.) Foliage in southern Quebec, Canada (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 81 (1995), S. 175-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Atmospheric trace metal contamination in and on forest foliage in southern Quebec has been investigated. Washed and unwashed foliage of Balsam fir from seven sampling sites with different elevation were analyzed by NAA. Metal element concentrations in needles were generally well below the suggested levels of potential phytotoxicity, except for Mn. At three rural mountain sampling locations, Mn concentration exceed 600 μg/g in washed and unwashed needles. The variability of metal concentrations between individual trees at a given site showed the expected element-specific differences, with most CV's 〈 50%. The variation of metal deposits on needle surfaces (ng/cm2) with elevation and sampling site depended on the element concerned. The input of Al, As, Cr, La, Sb, Sc, Sm, and V, accompanying Fe in deposits on the foliage surface, may mainly come from atmospheric deposition in the form of soil dust and air pollution. Wet deposition samples from Roundtop Mountain suggest cloud immersion as a significant trace element deposition pathway in high elevation forest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477264
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A software counting loss correction method for neutron activation analysis with short-lived radionuclides (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 193 (1995), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A method has been developed for the correction of counting losses in NAA for the case of a mixture of short-lived radionuclides. It is applicable to systems with Ge detectors and Wilkinson or successive approximation ADC's and will correct losses from pulse pileup and ADC dead time up to 90%. The losses are modeled as a constant plus time-dependent terms expressed as a fourth order polynomial function of the count rates of the short-lived radionuclides. The correction factors are calculated iteratively using the peak areas of the short-lived radionuclides in the spectrum and the average losses as given by the difference between the live time and true time clocks of the MCA. To calibrate the system a measurement is performed for each short-lived nuclide. In a test where the dead time varied from 70% at the start of the measurement to 13% at the end, the measured activities were corrected with an accuracy of 1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02039880
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