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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Prostacyclin ; Gastric intramucosal pH ; Splanchnic blood flow ; Splanchnic oxygenation ; Septic shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To investigate whether infusing prostacyclin (PGI2) in patients with septic shock improves splanchnic oxygenation as assessed by gastric intramucosal pH (pHi). Design Interventional clinical study. Setting Surgical ICU in a university hospital. Patients 16 consecutive patients with septic shock according to the criteria of the ACCP/SCCM consensus conference all requiring norepinephrine to maintain arterial blood pressure. Interventions All patients received PGI2 (10 ng/kg·min) after no further increase in oxygen delivery could be obtained by volume expansion, red cell transfusion and dobutamine infusion. The results were compared with those before and after conventional resuscitation. The patients received continuous PGI2 infusion for 3–32 days. Measurements and results O2 uptake was measured directly in the respiratory gases, pHi was determined by tonometry. Baseline O2 delivery, O2 uptake and pHi were 466±122 ml/min·m2, 158±38 ml/min·m2, and 7.29±0.09, respectively. While O2 uptake remained unchanged, infusing PGI2 increased O2 delivery (from 610±140 to 682±155 ml/min·m2,p〈0.01) and pHi (from 7.32±0.09 to 7.38±0.08,p〈0.001) beyond the values obtained by conventional resuscitation. While 9 of 11 patients with final pHi〉7.35 survived, all patients with final pHi〈7.35 died (p〈0.01). Conclusions Infusing PGI2 in patients with septic shock increases pHi probably by enhancing blood flow to the splanchnic bed and thereby improves splanchnic oxygenation even when conventional resuscitation goals have been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.15.Gh; 81.15.Ef; 78.20.Ci; 78.66.Fd; 61.14.Hg; 73.20.At
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of ordering of mobile chain-site oxygen in YBa2Cu3O6+x crystals at different doping levels x on the kinetics of the intensity change of the two-magnon line and the extended structureless electronic continuum in optical Raman spectra and on the superconducting transition temperature T c , has been studied in detail. An increase in the chain-site oxygen content x leads to a higher contribution of free carriers to the electronic continuum in Raman spectra. The kinetics of the electronic continuum becomes slower with x, whereas the relaxation rate of the two-magnon scattering is a nonmonotonic function of the stoichiometric index. Computer simulations of the relaxation of nonequilibrium states using the Monte Carlo technique qualitatively describe the kinetics observed in experiments. Our results lead us to a conclusion about local inhomogeneities in the electronic and spin systems in CuO2 planes with scales of several lattice constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 9436-9443 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We perform nonresonant surface second harmonic reflection from an isotropic layer of a chiral pentamethinium salt. The combination of gated integration and photon counting techniques allows for a very high sensitivity of our experimental setup. We measure a second harmonic optical rotation angle of 5°, as well as linear and circular dichroisms of 5% to 140%. We quantitatively compare these three experimental techniques and obtain a good agreement. The nonresonant configuration of our experiments enables us to distinguish between electric and magnetic contributions to the second order optical activity. The nonvanishing circular dichroism, as well as the nonvanishing s-polarized second harmonic signal with s-polarized fundamental beam, indicates that electric and magnetic effects are of the same order of magnitude. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3099-3103 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A superior lamellae etching drop-off technique is described for the preparation of W tips without the use of CCl4. Sharp tips with an apex of 25 nm or less can be produced routinely. In the case of Pt/Ir wire, the chemical inertness of the material means that it has to be reduced in diameter before being etched to yield a tip. In order to accomplish this, a capillary diameter reduction technique has also been developed for use in combination with the lamellae etching drop-off technique. The apparatus does not require the use of micromanipulators or micromovers. The shapes of tips with apexes as small as 25 nm can be investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This low cost method of producing sharp tips scanning tunneling microscopy is very effective and it would probably be feasible to develop an automatic tip preparation with a little more technical effort. Since it is possible to produce well shaped W tips almost every time after acquiring a little skill, it is not usually necessary to check their shape by TEM or SEM before use. In contrast, the success rate with Pt/Ir tips is only up to 70%, so that it is advisable to check their shapes by TEM. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 579-581 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently, the mechanisms leading to the resonant Kerr nonlinearity of Cd(S,Se)-doped glasses could clearly be assessed. On this basis, we reconsider experimentally the size dependence of the fast component of this nonlinearity. We observe that the figure of merit corresponding to this fast component decreases when the particle size decreases. The various results that had been previously reported are discussed in light of this work. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Leaflets of Vicia faba L. (faba bean) were used to determine whether the mechanical forces resulting from the turgor potentials (Φp) of the larger epidermal cells neighbouring guard cells play a significant role in regulating stomatal aperture. When Φp, of epidermis and Φp of bulk leaflet tissue were compared at midday, Φp of epidermis were only 15–25% those of bulk leaflet tissue at all but the most negative leaflet water potentials (Φ). When plants were bagged to increase Φ by reducing vapour pressure differences between leaflets and air, Φp of bulk leaflet tissue increased to predawn values, but Φp, of epidermis increased to only = 20% of predawn values and stomata opened to their widest apertures. Stomatal apertures were positively correlated with Φp of bulk leaflet tissue but they were not correlated with Φp of epidermis. Reductions in epidermal Φp, began predawn, before stomata were open, and reached minimum values at midday, when stomata were open. We conclude that, in Vicia faba, (1) reduction of Φp of epidermal cells begins predawn, reducing the counterforce to stomatal opening that would exist if full epidermal turgor were maintained throughout the day, and (2) changes in Φp, of leaf epidermal cells do not play a significant role in regulating stomatal aperture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 419-420 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Gerontologie + Geriatrie 31 (1998), S. 104-111 
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Soziale und räumliche Umwelt – Theorie des Erinnerns – Kompetenzerhaltung und -verlust – Altenberatung – ambulante Altenpflege ; Key words Social and spatial environment – theory of remembering – maintenance and loss of competence – work with the aged
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary An ecological theory of remembering is formulated which is based on the patterns of meaningfulness in the social and spatial environment. The specific ecological relationship to the environment is affinitive, and also opens access to the ressources of the past. In the present study, conditions for this access (in particular with older people) were investigated. It is assumed that older people, especially, when they lose someone with whom they had a fixed relationship seek counselling and that abrupt changes in the spatial environment, such as moving to a home, are rejected by older people. These hypotheses were checked on the basis of material (N=120) gathered in a counselling service for the aged and they were essentially confirmed. To make matters clear, “typical” and thus every-day experiences of maintenance and loss of competence are cited from the material. Finally, practical conclusions are drawn with regard to work with the aged.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine ökologische Gedächtnistheroie skizziert, die von den Bedeutungskonstellationen in der sozialen und räumlichen Umwelt ausgeht. Die spezifisch ökologische Beziehung zur Umwelt ist affinitiv. Als solche eröffnet sie einen Zugang zu den Ressourcen der Vergangenheit. In der vorliegenden Studie werden Voraussetzungen dieses Zugangs betrachtet. Es wird angenommen, daß alte Menschen vor allem bei Verlust fester Bezugspersonen und bisheriger eigener Kompetenzen Beratungsgespräche suchen und daß abrupte Veränderungen der räumlichen Umgebung (wie z.B. bei Heimübersiedlungen) von ihnen abgelehnt werden. Diese Hypothesen werden anhand des Erfahrungsmaterials (N=120) einer Altenberatungsstelle überprüft und im wesentlichen bestätigt. Zur Verdeutlichung werden “typische” und in dem Sinne alltägliche Beispiele des Kompetenzerhalts und -verlusts aus dem Erfahrungsmaterial angeführt. Abschließend wird auf praktische Konsequenzen für die Altenarbeit hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 379 (1996), S. 455-458 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Muscle fibres containing the calcium indicator fluo-3 (ref. 11) exhibited highly non-uniform increases in calcium concentration, [Ca2+], during small depolarizing pulses (Fig. 1). Fluorescence confocal line-scan images12'14 showed discrete foci of locally elevated [Ca2+] occurring at different ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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