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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 435-437 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac) is one of the most extensively studied and widely used drugs of all time. This has provided an excellent opportunity to define its safety profile. Methods: Data from 189 controlled clinical trials in which more than 26000 patients received daily doses of ranitidine for 4 weeks or more were reviewed. More than 80% of patients were treated with up to 300 mg ranitidine daily; the remaining patients received doses of up to 1200 mg daily. Eighty-seven trials were placebo controlled. Analyses of post-marketing surveillance and a database of all spontaneously reported adverse events were also evaluated. Results: Overall in the clinical trial programme adverse events were reported by 20% of those receiving ranitidine compared with 27% of those receiving placebo. The pattern of events was similar in all treatment groups with no evidence of dose-related toxicity in regimens encompassing an eightfold range of therapeutic doses. Similarly in a programme of studies designed to evaluate a dose of ranitidine of 75  mg for non-prescription (over-the-counter) use in the treatment of heartburn, ranitidine was not associated with an adverse event profile distinct from that of placebo. Analysis of spontaneously reported adverse event data allowed identification of rare idiosyncratic events. Conclusions: Review of data from a large population of controlled clinical trials with analyses of postmarketing surveillance studies and spontaneously reported adverse events confirmed the excellent safety profile of ranitidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47 (1996), S. 509-540 
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plant gene responses to changing carbohydrate status can vary markedly. Some genes are induced, some are repressed, and others are minimally affected. As in microorganisms, sugar-sensitive plant genes are part of an ancient system of cellular adjustment to critical nutrient availability. However, in multicellular plants, sugar-regulated expression also provides a mechanism for control of resource distribution among tissues and organs. Carbohydrate depletion upregulates genes for photosynthesis, remobilization, and export, while decreasing mRNAs for storage and utilization. Abundant sugar levels exert opposite effects through a combination of gene repression and induction. Long-term changes in metabolic activity, resource partitioning, and plant form result. Sensitivity of carbohydrate-responsive gene expression to environmental and developmental signals further enhances its potential to aid acclimation. The review addresses the above from molecular to whole-plant levels and considers emerging models for sensing and transducing carbohydrate signals to responsive genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 228-234 
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Second-harmonic generation and spectroscopic absorption measurements were made to study the non-linear optical and stability properties of guest/host polycarbonate thin films in which the guest chromophores were oriented by corona poling. Optimum poling conditions were achieved at temperatures less than the glass-rubber transition temperatures. Stabilized order parameters as high as 0.23 and retention of orientational order as high as 86% were found. Stable, resonance-enhanced, values of the non-linear optical coefficient d 33, for the fundamental of 1.064 Μm, were as high as 31 pm V−1. This value is over four times that predicted by a simple thermodynamic model for isotropic materials. Hydrogen bonding between the guest and polycarbonate is proposed to account for the high d 33 coefficients and long-term stability of the films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 87 (1998), S. s092 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Myokardvitalität – Prognose – Koronarrevaskularisation – Ventrikelfunktion – Radionuklide ; Key words myocardial viability – hibernation – coronary revascularization – left ventricular function – radioisotopes – tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Non-invasive methods to identify absent or persistent myocardial viability have gained increasing importance in the therapeutic management and risk stratification of patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Myocardial scintigraphy using thallium-201 and positron emission tomography with metabolic imaging of myocardial glucose metabolism, using fluorine-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose, are today the most widely used nuclear methods for the assessment of myocardial viability. Besides the prediction of reversible regional and global myocardial dysfunction following coronary revascularization, both methods have demonstrated the ability to identify patient subgroups who will benefit most with regard to cardiac prognosis and survival and those patients in whom coronary revascularization has a limited effect with regard to survival and cardiac events. This short review summarizes the clinical impact of both imaging modalities on todays diagnostic approach in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nichtinvasive Verfahren zur Vitalitätserkennung haben in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Bedeutung bei der Frage der präoperativen Risiko- und Nutzenabschätzung von koronarrevaskularisierenden Verfahren erhalten. An nuklearmedizinischen Untersuchungsmethoden haben sich im klinischen Alltag die Thallium-201-Myokardszintigraphie sowie die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie mit Fluor-18-Fluorodeoxyglukose bewährt. Neben der Vorhersage der Reversibilität von regionalen Wandbewegungsstörungen und damit auch der globalen Ventrikelfunktion erlauben beide Methoden die Identifizierung von Patientenpopulationen, die hinsichtlich ihrer Prognose am meisten von revaskularisierenden Verfahren profitieren werden. Diese Übersicht faßt den derzeitigen klinischen Stellenwert beider Methoden bei der Diagnostik der Myokardvitalität in Regionen mit chronischer Ischämie zusammen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: d-sotalol ; ventricular tachycardia ; heart failure ; antiarrhythmic treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since in patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and compromised left ventricular function, antiarrhythmic therapy poses a particular problem, an open-label safety study of d-sotalol, a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, was performed. Thirteen patients with defined VT and a low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were treated with orally administered d-sotalol, 100 mg bid, and in a few patients 100 mg tid, in an open study. Patients were followed up for 35±11 months, with the longest follow-up amounting to 51 months. The data obtained suggest that d-sotalol was moderately effective as an antiarrhythmic agent, in particular with respect to premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and coupled and repetitive PVCs. The beneficial effect appeared to persist on long-term treatment. d-Sotalol was well tolerated and no subjective or objective adverse reactions were observed. There were no signs of worsening of congestive heart failure, proarrhythmogenic activity, or torsades de pointes, although QT-prolongation was observed. There were no dropouts in the study. Two patients died: One patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (with LVEF=11%) died suddenly after 38 months of follow-up and one patient after 17 months from recurrent myocardial infarction. Neither of these had shown recurrence of VT on 24 hour ambulatory ECG recordings. In conclusion, in this small group of patients d-sotalol appeared to be safe and well tolerated during long-term treatment of patients with VT and poor left ventricular function. There were clear suggestions of antiarrhythmic activity, reflected by the suppression of complex ventricular arrhythmias and by the absence of recurrent VT on long-term follow-up in the majority of patients. These results would encourage a larger, formal trial on the use of d-sotalol in this type of patients,.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 52 (1997), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Ranitidine ; Renal impairment; dose adjustment ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ranitidine were examined in subjects with varying degrees of renal function to determine the effect of this condition on acid-antisecretory activity. Methods: Subjects with creatinine clearances (CCr) ranging from 0 to 213 ml · min−1 received single 50-mg and 25-mg i.v. doses of ranitidine. This was followed by determination of serum and urine ranitidine concentrations, and continuous gastric pH monitoring for 24 h. Results: Serum ranitidine concentrations were described by a two-compartment model linked to a sigmoidal Emax model describing gastric pH. Ranitidine renal clearance, ranging from 0 to 1003 ml · min−1, correlated with CPAH (r 2 = 0.707), while non-renal clearance was unaltered. Steady-state volume of distribution decreased by half in severe renal impairment. No changes in the effective concentration at half-maximal response (EC50), maximal response (Emax), or basal response (E0) were observed. Thus, renal elimination of ranitidine declined in parallel with renal function, while sensitivity to the pharmacologic effect (gastric pH elevation) was unaltered. Ranitidine was well tolerated in these renally impaired subjects. Conclusion: These data indicate that the current recommendation for renal impairment dose reduction (by two-thirds when CCr〈50 ml · min−1) might result in under-treating moderately impaired patients, and suggests a less conservative dose reduction (by half when CCr〈10 ml · min−1) to avoid therapeutic failure while remaining within the wide margin of safety for this drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 72 (1998), S. 436-441 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Kalman filter ; Robust estimation ; Rank deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. A robust Kalman filter is derived for rank deficient observation models. The datum for the Kalman filter is introduced at the zero epoch by the choice of a generalized inverse. The robust filter is obtained by Bayesian statistics and by applying a robust M-estimate. Outliers are not only looked for in the observations but also in the updated parameters. The ability of the robust Kalman filter to detect outliers is demonstrated by an example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 39 (1998), S. 684-696 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Koronare Herzkrankheit ; Diagnostik ; Koronare Herzkrankheit ; Prognose ; Perfusionsszintigraphie ; Stress-Echokardiographie ; Belastungs-EKG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema In letzter Zeit spielen nichtinvasive Untersuchungen in der Diagnostik der koronaren Herzkrankheit wieder eine größere Rolle. Dies dürfte sicher nicht nur eine Folge weltweiter ökonomischer Zwänge im Gesundheitswesen sein sondern auch einem präzisierten medizinischen Denken entsprechen, das sich mehr um eine rationelle Stufendiagnostik bemüht. Allerdings ermöglichen auch verbesserte Methoden, besonders durch Perfusionsszinitigraphie und Stress-Echokardiographie, zunehmend höhere Sensivitäten und Spezifitäten nichtinvasiver Verfahren. Aus neuerer Zeit liegen auch zahlreiche Untersuchungen nicht nur zur diagnostischen sondern auch zur prognostischen Wertigkeit nichtinvasiver Methoden und somit zur Abschätzung koronarbedingter Risiken vor. Es ist geradezu ein generelles Anliegen der Zeitschrift DER INTERNIST, die gezielte Stufendiagnostik zu fördern; viele Hefte der letzten Jahre zeugen dafür. In dieses Konzept fügt sich auch die vorliegende Arbeit über nichtinvasive Methoden der Koronardiagnostik, die sich vorwiegend auf das Belastungs-EKG, die Perfusionsszintigraphie und die Stress-Echokardiographie fokussiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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