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  • 1
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory exercise that introduces differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is presented. In order to connect this basic physical chemistry technique with an application in the biological sciences, students investigated the thermodynamic properties of lipid-bilayer model compounds. DSC was used to characterize the gel-to-liquid-crystal transition for three phosphatidylcholines of varying acyl chain length. The laboratory exercise is suitable only for students with some background in physical chemistry and biochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Gallbladder wall ; Gallbladder cancer ; EUS ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the roles of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), conventional US, CT, and MRI in differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening. We scrutinized images for the presence of the multiple-layer patterns of the thickened gallbladder walls during preoperative images (EUS, n = 22; US, n = 23; CT, n = 20; MRI, n = 15) and retrospectively correlated them with surgical results in 25 patients. The pathological diagnoses included 7 gallbladder cancers, 9 cases of chronic cholecystitis, 5 cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and 4 cases of adenomyomatosis. Multiple-layer patterns of gallbladder wall were observed in patients with inflammatory and benign diseases by US, EUS, CT, and MRI. This pattern was demonstrated by EUS more efficiently compared with other means of imaging. All subjects with loss of multiple layers were finally diagnosed by use of EUS as having gallbladder cancer at surgery. Loss of multiple-layer patterns of the gallbladder wall demonstrated by EUS was the most specific finding in diagnosing gallbladder cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6926-6928 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), using the 12C(d,p)13C reaction, in conjunction with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) in the channeling geometry was used to evaluate the substitutional fraction of C in (100)-oriented semi-insulating GaAs implanted with 12C ions to a dose of 5×1016 cm−2. The substitutional fraction of the implanted 12C evaluated by NRA was 19% in the samples annealed at 600 °C, whereas the electrical activation rate of the same sample was 2.1%, as measured by the van der Pauw method. It is suggested that a possible origin of this discrepancy is the compensating centers such as As vacancy (VAs) and/or VAs-CAs complex introduced in the annealing processes. This was supported by both the surface precipitation of As observed by Raman scattering and the enhancement of the surface peak in RBS-channeling yield which was measured by using a 1.5 MeV 4He+-ion beam. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2352-2354 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The lattice disorder in GaP produced by fast neutrons with a fluence of 2.1×1018 cm−2 has been investigated with 1.5 MeV 4He+ channeling. The slight increase in the 〈111〉 aligned yield for irradiated crystals indicates that each primary knock-on (PKO) produces approximately 7×102 displaced atoms. Channeling studies also show a spread distribution of randomly located defects imbedded in the lattice structure. On the other hand, P antisite (PGa) defects produced by neutron irradiation are ∼2 per PKO. Irradiated samples also show a volume expansion of 0.13%. It is suggested that the lattice expansion mainly induced by vacancy–interstitial clusters arises from the displacement atoms rather than PGa defects. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 801 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 373-375 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Down's syndrome ; Neuroblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case of Down's syndrome associated with progressive extradural neuroblastoma. Postmortem aspiration of the bone marrow revealed diffuse infiltration by tumor cells, in which trisomy 21 was found by fluorescence in hybridization in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Nitric oxide (NO·) ; methamphetamine ; neurotoxicity ; dopamine ; serotonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined effects of nitric oxide (NO·) synthesis inhibition on methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity. The toxic dose of MA (5 mg/kg, sc, X4) significantly decreased contents of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum (ST), and significantly decreased contents of serotonin (5-HT) in the ST, nucleus accumbens (NA) and medial frontal contex (MFC). Coadministration with a NO· synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME) (30 mg/kg, ip, X2), reduced the MA-induced decreases in contents of DA, DOPAC and HVA in the ST, but not reduced the MA-induced decreases in contents of 5-HT in the ST, NA and MFC. These findings suggest that the MA-induced dopaminergic, but not serotonergic neurotoxicity, may be related to the neural process such as NO· formation caused by the activation of postsynaptic DA receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 101 (1995), S. 51-64 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: [3H]clozapine binding ; serotonin 5-HT2 receptor ; dopamine D4 receptor ; frontal cortex ; limbic area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the characteristics of [3H]clozapine binding sites in four rat brain regions (frontal cortex, limbic area, hippocampus and striatum) in order to elucidate the pharmacological profile of this unique atypical antipsychotic drug. The specific [3H]clozapine binding was found to be saturable and reversible in all these brain regions. Scatchard analysis of the saturation data indicated that the specific binding consisted of high- and low-affinity components. Displacement experiments showed that the muscarinic cholinergic receptor represented about 50% of [3H]clozapine binding in each brain area. Serotonin 5-HT2 and dopamine D4 receptor binding sites could also be detected by displacement experiments using ketanserin and nemonapride, respectively, in frontal cortex and limbic area, but not in hippocampus or striatum. Alpha-1, alpha-2, histamine H1, dopamine D1, D2, or D3 receptor components could not be determined within the high-affinity [3H]clozapine binding sites in any brain region. It is possible that the atypical property of clozapine may depend on the modulatory effect on dopaminergic function via 5-HT2 receptor blockade and/or may be mediated via D4 receptor blockade in the mesocortical and mesolimbic area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 101 (1995), S. 231-235 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: [3H]clozapine ; dopamine D4 receptor ; frontal cortex ; haloperidol ; clozapine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the effects of long-term treatment with haloperidol and clozapine on dopamine D4 receptors in rat frontal cortex. Dopamine D4 receptor binding sites were indirectly determined from the displacement experiments of [3H]clozapine binding using nemonapride. Three-weeks administration of haloperidol (0.5mg/kg) or clozapine (10mg/kg) did not significantly affect the D4 receptors in the frontal cortex. The density of D2 receptors, determined by [3H]spiperone binding to striatum, was increased by long-term treatment with haloperidol, but it was not significantly changed by that with clozapine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: SM-9018 (perospirone hydrochloride) ; N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1 ; 2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) ; receptor occupation ; antipsychotic drugs ; dopamine D2 receptor ; serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. In vivo occupation of dopamine D1, D2 and serotonin (5-HT)2A receptors by a novel antipsychotic drug, SM-9018 (perospirone hydrochloride; cis-N-[4-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboximide monohydrochloride) and its major metabolite (ID-15036; N-[4-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-1-hydroxy-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboximide) was measured in rat brain using N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), an irreversible antagonist, at these receptor sites. SM-9018 and its metabolite, ID-15036, dose-dependently reversed EEDQ-induced 5-HT2A and D2 receptor inactivation, but not D1 receptor inactivation. At lower doses (0.1 mg/kg i.p.), SM-9018 showed a preferential occupation of the 5-HT2A receptors, with only a small effect on the D2 receptors; while at higher doses (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg i.p.), it was nearly equipotent in its occupation of both the D2 (77.8%) and the 5-HT2A receptors (78.6%). On the other hand, ID-15036 was more potent in occupying the 5-HT2A than the D2 receptors even at higher doses (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg i.p.). We previously reported that atypical antipsychotic drugs, such as clozapine, were characterized by a high occupancy of the 5-HT2A receptors, with a low or minimum occupancy of the D2 receptors in vivo. The present study suggests that SM-9018 and its metabolite ID-15036 show a preferential tendency to occupy 5-HT2A receptors, and that the clozapine-like atypical properties of SM-9018 may be due to some pharmacological action of both the SM-9018 itself and its metabolite, ID-15063.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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