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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of space-charge dynamics and transport parameters in hydrogenated carbon layers by time-resolved electroluminescence measurements (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 470-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new way is presented for deriving space-charge dynamics and transport parameters in thin films sandwiched between two metallic electrodes. The measurement method uses the detection of electroluminescence excited by square voltage pulses. The space-charge buildup time is derived from the electroluminescence time lag when the structure is excited by a single square voltage pulse. The relaxation time of the space charge is investigated by using a double pulse excitation. Carrier mobility is determined by an optical transit-time technique. Measurements are carried out on hydrogenated amorphous carbon layers with different composition and electrical properties. The films display space-charge limited conduction which is due to the existence of trap states. Their concentration is derived from the current–voltage characteristics and the mobility measurements. The trap concentration increases with a decreasing graphite content in the films. Film properties are weakly temperature dependent in graphite-rich layers as opposed to the behavior of layers with a lower graphite concentration. In this later case, the structural features of the films change at low temperature as suggested by the evolution of the trap concentration which decreases by three orders of magnitude, going from an exponential to a uniform distribution. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362750
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the nature of the luminescence emitted by a polypropylene film after interaction with a cold plasma at low temperature (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 937-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The light emitted by an insulating material once its surface has been submitted to a cold plasma, plasma-induced luminescence is investigated on polypropylene films at low temperature. An analysis of the integral and wavelength resolved light is carried out. The kinetical evolution of the spectrum after plasma interaction are reported and analyzed. Investigation of the photo- and chemiluminescence spectra of the material shows that plasma-induced luminescence has three spectral components, each having different excitation mechanisms and thus different kinetics. The fastest is due to the ultraviolet irradiation during plasma contact, the second is dominated by radical chemistry producing carbonyl groups, and the third, with the slowest kinetics, is due to carrier recombination on the most conjugated chromophores which are preferentially charged by the plasma. To confirm the interpretation of plasma induced luminescence spectrum, the first results concerning short and long plasma interaction are considered. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364186
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of Phytophthora infestans populations in the two most important potato production areas of France during 1992–96 (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Phytophthora infestans isolates, collected in the two most important potato production regions of France (Brittany during 1992–96 and northern France during 1994–96), were analysed for mating type, Gpi and Pep allozyme genotypes, mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, response to metalaxyl and virulence patterns in order to determine the structure of populations. ‘New’ populations, similar to those observed in northern Europe and characterized by the presence of both mating types, Gpi 90/100 Pep 83/100, Gpi 90/100 Pep 100/100, Gpi 100/100 Pep 100/100 and Gpi 100/100 Pep 83/100 allozyme genotypes, Ia and IIa mitochondrial haplotypes and common races 1.3.4.7, 1.4.10.11, 1.3.4.7.11 and 1.3.4.7.10.11 were present in both areas. A new allozyme genotype (Gpi 90/90 Pep 83/100), never previously detected in Europe, was discovered in Brittany in 1992, but disappeared in later years. Despite the appearance of the A2 mating type in Brittany in 1996 and in northern France since 1995, both populations were highly homogeneous and probably consisted of a few related clones. No evidence for sexual recombination was obtained. Although Brittany, isolated from other potato production areas, and northern France, situated close to north European production areas where the A2 mating type was discovered some years ago, are two contrasted regions, no geographic substructuring was apparent between the two regions. However, variations in genotypic frequencies and in race composition were observed from one year to the next at a single site, as well as between several local sites during the same year. The role of possible evolutionary mechanisms implicated in these evolutions, especially founder effects, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00265.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and magnetic structure of piezoelectric, ferrimagnetic and magnetoelectric aluminium iron oxide FeAlO3 from neutron powder diffraction (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of FeAlO3 has been determined at T = 298 K by neutron diffraction, using polycrystalline samples prepared in a high state of purity. The space group is Pna21, Z = 8; a = 4.9839 (1), b = 8.5544 (2), c = 9.2413 (2) Å. The structure, which is isomorphous to that of FeGaO3, can be described as a double combination of hexagonal and cubic closed packing of oxygen ions. There are four different cation sites labelled Fe1, Fe2 (predominantly occupied by iron), Al1 and Al2 (predominantly occupied by aluminium). The oxygen environment of Al1 forms an almost regular tetrahedron. The other sites have a distorted octahedral environment, especially irregular for Fe1 and Fe2. The fractions fi of iron ions over the four cation sites are: f1 = 0.78 (1), f2 = 0.76 (1), f3 = 0.10 (1) and f4 = 0.34 (1). Neutron diffraction at T = 30 K reveals a classical Néel ferrimagnetism, the direction of easy magnetization being a, with strong `180° cation-anion-cation' super-exchange antiferromagnetic interactions Fe1—O—Fe2 and Fe1—O—Al2 (Al2 being a site occupied by 0.34 Fe). The Néel sublattices are A = Fe1 + Al1 and B = Fe2 + Al2. The average magnetic moment per atom is weak (3.4 ± 0.3 μB) and the spontaneous magnetization at T = 30 K is extremely weak: 0.38 ± 0.17 μB per atom. Piezoelectricity probably originates in the bond arrangement of the four tetrahedral All sites in the unit cell, each tetrahedron being oriented with an Al1—O bond parallel to the polar c axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768195010330
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unexpected decrease in cytogenetic biomarkers frequencies observed after increased exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in a production plant (1996)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377859
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of minimal residual disease in B Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) (1999)
    Springer
    Hematology and cell therapy 41 (1999), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8509
    Keywords: CLL MRD ; IgH genes rearrangement ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the absence of specific chromosomal translocations the best method for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) in B cell malignancies is based on the uniqueness of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes rearrangement. We here report a very sensitive method for assessing MRD in complete hematological remission (CHR) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients as defined by the international workshop on CLL (IWCLL). Patients: Twelve CLL patients in CHR and complete phenotypic remission (CPR) were included in the study. Eight of them received Fludarabine (FDR), one was treated by Chop regimen, and the remaining 3 were rescued by polychemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Methods: DNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of each patient was amplified with VH family specific and framework 3 primers in 5′ and a consensus JH primer in 3′, before treatment and sequentially after the CPR completion. When no clonal rearrangement could be detected by this assay, the CDR3 sequence specific probe of the clone was used as the 3′ primer, associated to the VH family specific primer in 5′. PCR products were analyzed by classical procedures in agarose and/or acrylamide gels. Results: Mixtures of leukemic cells and normal PBL showed detection of a single leukemic cell among more than 105 normal cells. Four out of the 12 patients achieved molecular remission (MR) when employing CDR3 amplifification. All 3 autografted patients were in MR, whereas only one out of the 9 patients treated by chemotherapy alone achieved MR. When using a clone specific probe, a clonal signal was observed in all cases but one (ABMT). Results presented here confirm that MR may be achieved in a few cases of B-CLL. Further studies are needed to determine the exact relationship between MRD and clinical outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00282-999-0013-y
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of expectancy and the pharmacological effects ofd-amphetamine: subjective effects and self-administration (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 125 (1996), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Balanced placebo design ; Expectancy ; d-Amphetamine ; Subjective effects ; Self-administration ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The study examined the effects of expectation on the subjective effects and oral self-administration of 15 mgd-amphetamine (AMP) and placebo in 40 volunteers who reported no prior use of stimulants other than caffeine. A balanced placebo design was used to create four groups: told Placebo/got Placebo (P/P), told Placebo/got Stimulant (P/S), told Stimulant/got Placebo (S/P), told Stimulant/got Stimulant (S/S). There were three sessions. On one session (INFO), participants received a capsule containing AMP or placebo and were given information about the contents of the capsule according to the balanced placebo design. On another session (NO INFO), participants received no information about the capsule's contents and were given placebo. On the final session, participants were allowed to choose either the INFO or NO INFO capsule. Participants came to the laboratory to ingest their capsules, and then returned to their normal environments where they completed subjective effects questionnaires every 2 h for 8 h. Expectancies influenced the subjective effects reported during the INFO session, regardless of whether subjects actually received AMP or placebo: subjects who expected a stimulant had higher ratings of “feel drug” and “like drug”. The pharmacological effects of AMP were also evident on the INFO sessions: AMP produced its prototypic subjective effects regardless of subjects' expectancies. Significant interactions between drug and expectancy were obtained on self-report measures of anxiety and arousal: anxiety was higher for groups who received substances that did not match their expectations (P/S and S/P) and arousal increased most in volunteers who expected placebo but received stimulant. Choice of drug was determined primarily by pharmacology: participants who received AMP on the INFO session usually chose that capsule, regardless of information about its identity (P/S: 8/10; S/S: 9/10). In contrast, participants who received placebo on the INFO session chose this capsule at chance levels, regardless of information about its identity (S/P: 3/10; P/P: 6/10). Thus, expectancy influenced some of the subjective effects of AMP and placebo, but the pharmacological effects of the AMP were instrumental in determining whether volunteers would self-administer the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246020
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization and quantity of hyaluronan in urogenital organs of male and female rats (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Hyaluronan ; Hyaluronic acid-binding protein ; Microwave fixation ; Histochemistry ; Urogenital tract ; Reproductive organs ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The histochemical distribution of hyaluronan was analysed in various urogenital organs of male and female (non-pregnant and pregnant) rats by use of a hyaluronan-binding protein and avidin biotin/peroxidase staining. Microwave-aided fixation was used to preserve the extracellular location of hyaluronan. The concentrations of hyaluronan in the different tissues were measured with a highly sensitive radio-assay. Hyaluronan accumulated predominantly in the connective tissue around smooth muscle fibres and in the subepithelial lamina propria. Abundant hyaluronan also occurred in perivascular and perineural connective tissue. In the female urogenital organs, hyaluronan content was high in the vagina and urinary bladder, and highest in the vagina during pregnancy. In the uterus, the surface epithelium of the endometrium stained intensely. In the ovary, the zona pellucida of the oocyte and the theca interna cell layer of the follicles and the follicular fluid of mature follicles exhibited prominent staining. The corpus luteum was devoid of hyaluronan, whereas enlarged corpora lutea of pregnancy exhibited weak, patchy staining. In male urogenital organs, staining for hyaluronan was absent from the testis and epididymis, whereas the erectile connective tissue of the penis stained intensely. The hyaluronan concentrations were high in penile tissue and urinary bladder, while testis, epididymis and the ductus deferens contained only little hyaluronan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050279
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization and quantity of hyaluronan in urogenital organs of male and female rats (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hyaluronan ; Hyaluronic acid-binding protein ; Microwaye fixation ; Histochemistry ; Urogenital tract ; Reproductive organs ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The histochemical distribution of hyaluronan was analysed in various urogenital organs of male and female (non-pregnant and pregnant) rats by use of a hyaluronan-binding protein and avidin biotin/peroxidase staining. Microwave-aided fixation was used to preserve the extracellular location of hyaluronan. The concentrations of hyaluronan in the different tissues were measured with a highly sensitive radio-assay. Hyaluronan accumulated predominantly in the connective tissue around smooth muscle fibres and in the subepithelial lamina propria. Abundant hyaluronan also occurred in perivascular and perineural connective tissue. In the female urogenital organs, hyaluronan content was high in the vagina and urinary bladder, and highest in the vagina during pregnancy. In the uterus, the surface epithelium of the endometrium stained intensely. In the ovary, the zona pellucida of the oocyte and the theca interna cell layer of the follicles and the follicular fluid of mature follicles exhibited prominent staining. The corpus luteum was devoid of hyaluronan, whereas enlarged corpora lutea of pregnancy exhibited weak, patchy staining. In male urogenital organs, staining for hyaluronan was absent from the testis and epididymis, whereas the erectile connective tissue of the penis stained intensely. The hyaluronan concentrations were high in penile tissue and urinary bladder, while testis, epididymis and the ductus deferens contained only little hyaluronan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318480
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