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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunable wavelength filters with Bragg gratings in polymer waveguides (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2543-2545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tunable wavelength filters are demonstrated based on the thermo-optic refractive index change of the polymer waveguide with Bragg reflection grating. For the low-loss waveguide operating around 1.55 μm, fluorinated polymers are incorporated. Bragg reflection gratings are fabricated using a phase mask and a high-index polymer. The Bragg reflector exhibits a narrow bandwidth of less than 1.0 nm, a crosstalk of −20 dB, an insertion loss of 3.2 dB, and a flat-top passband. The peak wavelength of Bragg reflection is shifted over 11 nm with a slight insertion loss change. The thermo-optic tuning efficiency is 22 nm/W and the peak shift is linearly proportional to the heating power. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122527
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymeric wavelength filters with polymer gratings (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1559-1561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Wavelength filters with Bragg gratings are demonstrated based on low-loss polymer waveguides and high-refractive-index polymer gratings. Two kinds of fluorinated polymers, perfluorocyclobutane and fluorinated poly(arylene ethers) are used for the low-loss waveguide operating around the 1.55 μm wavelength. The polymer grating is made of Resole, and it is successfully integrated in the polymer waveguides. In order to fabricate the Bragg gratings on the polymer waveguides, we use a phase mask and a Hg lamp in a mask aligner as the illuminating source instead of the laser. This method provides uniform gratings on a large area as well as the alignment capability. In the fabricated wavelength filters, the reflectivity at the Bragg wavelength is 30 dB, the 3 dB bandwidth is as narrow as 0.6 nm, and the insertion loss is 3.7 dB. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical Properties of Tape-Cast Alumina-Glass Dental Composites (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Alumina-glass dental composites were prepared by tape casting and sintering at 1120°C, followed by glass infiltration at 1100°C. Flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were investigated in terms of the influence of tape constituents, namely, alumina powder, binder, and plasticizer, on the mechanical properties. Both strength and toughness increased with increasing alumina fraction in tapes and decreased with increasing binder content in binder/plasticizer mixtures. These observations were consistent with the influence of the constituents on mean alumina particle distance in tapes, suggesting that the high strength of glass-infiltrated alumina composites is related to toughening by crack bowing. The strength and fracture toughness of the tape-cast composites, optimized for forming dental crowns, were 508 MPa and 3.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively, obtained from biaxial tests. Shrinkage of the composites decreased with increasing thermocompression pressure, applied to the tapes prior to sintering, and heating rate to the sintering temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02219.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of nonlinear optical side chain soluble polyimides for photonics applications (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyimides ; electrooptics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aromatic polyimides with side chain nonlinear optical chromophores have been investigated through a facile two-step synthetic route. First, various poly(hydroxy imide)s have been synthesized by direct thermal imidization of diaminophenol dihydrochloride salt and aromatic dianhydride monomers. The resulting polyimides bearing phenolic hydroxy groups were found to react easily with the terminal hydroxy group on the chromophores via the Mitsunobu condensation to give corresponding polyimides with high optical nonlinearities and good solubility in common organic solvents. Detailed physical properties showed that these polyimides have a molecular weight (Mw) of 31,000 and high glass transition temperature above 220°C, ensuring a long-term alignment stability at elevated temperature. The electrooptic coefficients, r33, of the electrically poled polymer films were in the range 1.8-7.6 pm/V at 1.3 μm. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 301-307, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinkable fluorinated poly(arylene ethers) bearing phenyl ethynyl moiety for low-loss polymer optical waveguide devices (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2881-2887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: fluorinated poly(arylene ether) ; phenyl ethynyl ; polymer optical waveguide ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crosslinkable fluorinated poly(arylene ethers) (FPAE-Fn-PEP) with high transparency and high thermal stability have been investigated for low-loss optical waveguide materials. FPAE-Fn-PEP bearing phenyl ethynyl moiety at the polymer chain end were synthesized by the reaction of 4,4′-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)diphenol with an excess decafluorobiphenyl, followed by the reaction of 4-phenyl ethynyl phenol. The Mns and Mw/Mns of the polymers determined by GPC with polystyrene standard were in the range of 6200 to 19,400 and 1.4 to 2.04, respectively. The resulting polymers were thermally crosslinked at 320°C for 2 h. The cured polymers show good chemical resistance and high thermal stability up to 510°C under nitrogen. The refractive indices of their films were controlled between 1.495 and 1.530 at 1.55 μm by adjusting molecular weight. A single-mode channel waveguide made of FPAE-F20-PEP was fabricated by conventional photolithography and O2 reactive ion etching (RIE). The propagation loss of the channel waveguide was measured and found to be less than 0.2 dB/cm at 1.55 μm. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2881-2887, 1998
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of nonlinear optical polymers based on poly(ether imides) for electrooptical devices (1999)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 42 (1999), S. 403-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary : Nonlinear optical poly(ether imides) with an adequate thermal stability has been synthesized by direct coupling of hydroxy poly(ether imides) and NLO chromophores with a quantitative yield. The resultant amorphous NLO poly(ether imides) exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents, providing optical-quality thin films by spin coating. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers are at around 180 °C. The electrooptic coefficients (r33, @1.3μm) of PEI-DR1 was 12.3 pm/V with an electrical poling field of 100 V/μm and it decayed about 10 % over 10 months at 90 °C under atmospheric conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050482
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and electro-optical properties of methacrylate polymers containing hexyl sulfone stilbene chromophore (1996)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 36 (1996), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Methacrylate polymers bearing pendant stilbene chromophore containing 4′-dialkylamino electron donor and 4-hexylsulfonyl electron acceptor has been synthesized. Owing to the introduced flexible alkyl chain to the NLO chromophore terminal group, soluble polymers was obtained up to 64 mol % of chromophore monomer portion in the copolymer. These amorphous polymers exhibited good filmforming abilities, thermal stability, and excellent optical clarity. The electrooptic coefficient (r33) as high as 6.4 pm/V were measured at 1.3 μm by reflection method. These polymers were easily photobleached by irradiation of light at 350∼450 nm wavelength for lateral confinement in channel waveguide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319226
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