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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 12 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria is an important measure of water quality in mains’distribution systems. Conventional methods of enumerating bacteria by plate counts do not distinguish between single bacteria and clumps of cells; however, various methods have been reported which use epifluorescence microscopy to give a direct count of bacteria. There appears to be no standard method for the preparation of samples, with the choice of fluorochrome and staining technique varying considerably – even between workers using similar environmental samples. A number of the reported methods were tested, and a technique was developed which enabled a consistent total count of bacterial cells (occurring both singularly and in clumps) to be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A split-split plot design was used to determine the effects of extrusion cooking on the recoverability of the mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 (FB1). Unextruded and extruded samples of spiked corn grits were analyzed for FB1 by two methods, commercial enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and HPLC. Extrusion cooking resulted in more apparent loss of FB1 with mixing screws than nonmixing screws. Losses of recoverable FB1 (p≤0.05) were observed at 120°C and 160°C with the mixing screws. A linear increase in loss of recoverable FB1 was observed (with the nonmixing screws) as the moisture content increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 2059-2062 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 491-494 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAllium sativum ; Garlic ; Genetic instability ; RAPD ; Somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants were regenerated by somatic embryogenesis from long-term callus cultures derived from five garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Thirty-five of these plants were subjected to RAPD analysis. The frequency of variation was found to be cultivar dependent: approximately 1% in the two clones Solent White and California Late and around 0.35% in another three clones, Chinese, Long Keeper and Madena. Certain band changes were found in regenerants of different cultivars, suggesting the existence of a mutation-sensitive part of the garlic genome. The karyotypes of another 75 regenerants derived from the same callus cultures of three parental garlic clones were examined. Of these plants, 9.3% were found to be tetraploids, 4% aneuploid and 2.6% showed a change in the position of the secondary constriction. No association could be shown between the rate of variation for molecular and cytological characters either by comparing cultivars or examining individual regenerants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1996), S. 474-478 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plantlets were regenerated by adventitious shoot budding in tissue culture from leaf explants of a single genotype of sugar beet. DNA was extracted from the parental plant and from 120 regenerants. RAPD analysis was carried out using five decanucleotide primers; 4,557 RAPD marker bands were examined and two polymorphisms were observed. Thirty secondary regenerants were then derived, using the same tissue culture technique, from thirty of the primary regenerants. Again RAPD analysis was employed and a single band polymorphism was observed out of 1,050 bands examined. The overall frequency of detection of somaclonal polymorphisms using RAPD (3 in 5,607 = 0.05%) is similar to frequencies previously reported using isozyme and RFLP technologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1049-1055 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Genetic resources ; RAPD ; Molecular markers ; Cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A set of accessions of Oryza sativa from the International Rice Research Institute (Philippines) that included known and suspected duplicates as well as closely related germplasm has been subjected to RAPD analysis. The number of primers, the number of polymorphic bands and the total number of bands were determined that will allow the accurate discrimination of these categories of accessions, including the identification of true and suspected duplicates. Two procedures have been described that could be employed on a more general basis for identifying duplicates in genetic resources collections, and further discussion on the values of such activities is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosome research 3 (1995), S. 433-439 
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: allium porrum ; meiosis ; polyploid ; synaptonemal complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Meiotic chromosome pairing of the tetraploid speciesAllium porrum, the cultivated leek, was analysed by electron microscopy of 83 surface-spread nuclei in the late zygotene to early diplotene interval of prophase I, from four different varieties. Prophase I quadrivalent frequency, at 71%, marginally but significantly exceeds the two-thirds expected on a simple random end-pairing model, suggesting that more than two autonomous pairing sites occur, in some tetrasomes at least. This pattern of synaptic behaviour is consistent with an autotetraploid status, but comparison with other tetraploids, including otherAllium species, indicates thatAllium porrum may be a weak segmental allopolyploid displaying limited preferential homologous pairing. The incidence of pairing partner switches (PPSs) in prophase I quadrivalents is relatively low; 90% of all analysed quadrivalents had only one or two PPSs. The positional distribution of PPSs along quadrivalents was distinctly uneven with peaks in mid-chromosome arms and reduced frequencies around centromeres and near the ends. The four different varieties of leek analysed were remarkably similar in their meiotic behaviour despite their diverse breeding history, but individual plants within varieties displayed substantial variation in quadrivalent and PPS frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: Allium ; chiasmata ; crossing over ; genomic in situ hybridization ; recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) successfully differentiated homoeologous genomes in the interspecific hybrid Allium cepa × fistulosum, thus allowing the detection of reciprocal crossover events as label exchanges in separating anaphase I chromosomes. Three of the eight chromosome pairs were positively identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to rDNA sequences. There was a general similarity of the GISH-based label exchange frequencies and metaphase I chiasma frequencies, but with a 20% deficit of chiasmata. Reasons for this apparent deficit are discussed. The locations of chiasmata and label exchanges are in broad agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 217 (1999), S. 31-42 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Alliaceae ; Allium ; Fluorescent in-situ hybridisation ; cytotaxonomy ; telomeric repeat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Information about evolutionary relationships between species of the genusAllium is desirable in order to facilitate breeding programmes. One approach is to study the distribution of repetitive DNA sequences among species thought on taxonomic grounds, to be closely related. We have used fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) to examine seven species within sect.Cepa of the genus (A. altaicum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A. galanthum, A. pskemense, A. oschaninii andA. vavilovii), one species from sect.Rhizirideum (A. roylei), two species from sect.Allium (A. sativum andA. porrum) and one species from sect.Schoenoprasum (A. schoenoprasum). Each species was probed using a 375 bp repeat sequence isolated fromA. cepa (Barnes & al. 1985), which was generated and labelled by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No signals were detected in anyAllium species not belonging to sect.Cepa with the exception ofA. roylei, whose designation in sect.Rhizirideum is now questioned. Within sect.Cepa the probe was found to hybridize to the ‘terminal’ regions of the chromosome arms of all the species examined. In addition a number of interstitial bands were detected. Use of FISH reveals a more detailed map of the location of the repeat sequences than has previously been obtained by C-banding and other staining procedures. The distribution of the terminal and interstitial sites when compared, allow us to identify three species groups namely,A. altaicum andA. fistulosum; A. cepa, A. roylei, A. oschaninii andA. vavilovii; andA. galanthum andA. pskemense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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