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  • 1
    Title: ¬The¬ finite element method in heat transfer analysis
    Author: Lewis, R. W.
    Contributer: Morgan, K. , Thomas, H. R. , Seetharamu, K. N.
    Publisher: Chichester u.a. :Wiley,
    Year of publication: 1996
    Pages: 279 S.
    Type of Medium: Book
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Engineering computations 16 (1999), S. 913-934 
    ISSN: 0264-4401
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Technology
    Notes: As computer simulation increasingly supports engineering design and manufacture, the requirement for a computer software environment providing an integration platform for computational engineering software increases. The potential benefits to industry are considerable. As a first step in the long-term development of such a system, a computer software environment has been developed for pre- and post-processing for unstructured grid-based computational simulation. Arbitrary computer application software can be integrated into the environment to provide a multi-disciplinary engineering analysis capability within one unified computational framework. Recognising the computational demands of many application areas, the environment includes a set of parallel tools to help the user maximise the potential of high performance computers and networks. The paper will present details of the environment and include an example of, and discussion about, the integration of application software.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 1564-1566 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 63 (1999), S. 987-989 
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: v ) of 〈0.10 cm3 cm-3 after drainage due to gravity has ceased. Small changes in θv in the range of 0.02 to 0.08 cm3 cm-3 can greatly affect plant available water and, therefore, good calibration of soil water content sensors is necessary. The EnviroSCAN (Sentek Pty. Ltd., South Australia) is a multiple sensor capacitance probe capable of continuous measurement of soil water content by volume (θv). Many fine sand soils in Florida have plant available θv values of ≤0.08 cm3 cm-3. The manufacturer's calibration curve has very few data points 〈0.10 cm3 cm-3θv and no data in the 0.02 to 0.04 cm3 cm-3θv range. Because of the lack of data in this range, a calibration curve from 0.02 to 0.08 cm3 cm-3θv was developed for Candler fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments), Apopka fine sand (loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Grossarenic Paleudults), and Immokalee fine sand (sand, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Alaquods) in two locations in Florida. Since calibration curves for the three soils did not differ significantly, data from the three soils were combined. An exponential calibration curve was developed (RMSE = 0.0085, R2 = 0.83). This equation provides substantially different estimates of water content in the 0.02 to 0.08 range than values obtained from the manufacturer's calibration. This improved calibration extends the range of the EnviroSCAN to include an important group of soils with very low water holding capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Whole body hyperthermia ; Melphalan ; Tumor necrosis factor ; Melanoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of sequencing (based on preclinical modeling) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) at two dose levels with melphalan (L-PAM) and 41.8 °C whole-body hyperthermia (WBH)  for 60 min. Patients and methods: Nine patients with refractory cancer were treated from October 1995 to June 1997. The study encompassed a total of 20 trimodality treatment courses. Three patients were treated at TNF dose level I (50 μg/m2) and six patients were treated at TNF dose level II (100 μg/m2). TNF was delivered as a 24-h intravenous infusion, 48 h prior to the combination of L-PAM and WBH; L-PAM was given over 10 min at target temperature at a dose of 17.5 mg/m2 based on a previous phase I WBH/L-PAM trial. WBH was administered with an Aquatherm radiant heat device. Results: Myelosuppression was the major toxicity associated with therapy, but there were no instances of bleeding or neutropenic fevers. Grade 3 thrombocytopenia was seen with 15% of treatments. Regarding absolute neutrophil count, 15% of treatments were associated with grade 3 toxicity, and 45% with grade 4 toxicity, and regarding white blood cell count, 50% of treatments were associated with grade 3 toxicity and 10% with grade 4 toxicity. The myelosuppression observed was equivalent to that seen in our earlier phase I study of WBH and L-PAM (without TNF). Only mild toxicities (grade 1 or 2) were associated with TNF; these were seen with ≤25% of treatments and included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fevers, and headache. There were no instances of hypotension. There was no relationship between toxicities observed and the two TNF dose levels. Mild WBH toxicities were seen with less than 15% of treatments; these included nausea, vomiting, and herpes simplex I. Responses included two complete remissions (malignant melanoma, TNF dose level I; breast cancer, TNF dose level II), and two disease stabilizations (both malignant melanoma, TNF dose level I). Conclusion: We conclude that the combination of TNF, L-PAM, and WBH is well tolerated at the dose levels studied. The clinical results justify further clinical investigation for this trimodality treatment approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Adrenoceptors ; Diurnal rhythms ; Regulation ; In situ hybridization ; Pineal gland ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rat pinealocyte is stimulated by norepinephrine, which is released from sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the gland. Norepinephrine binds to β1-adrenoceptors situated on the pinealocyte cell membrane. Ligand binding to these receptors exhibits a diurnal rhythm, with the largest number occurring in the late part of the light phase when the release of norepinephrine is minimal. By using in situ hybridization with a cDNA antisense oligonucleotide probe recognizing mRNA encoding the rat β1-adrenoceptor, we have demonstrated a stronger hybridization signal in the rat pineal gland than in other brain regions. Cells containing β1-mRNA are located in the superficial pineal gland, the deep pineal gland, and the pineal stalk. However, the number of receptors varies considerably between the individual pinealocytes. The β1-mRNA in situ hybridization signal for mRNA encoding the β1-adrenoceptor of the rat pineal has been quantified over a 24-h period; the strongest signal is found at mid-dark and the weakest signal at mid-light, indicating that the transcriptional regulation of β1-mRNA synthesis in the rat pineal is diurnal. In addition, maximal receptor protein expression occurs late in the light phase in the rat pineal and is thus considerably delayed compared with its peak mRNA synthesis. This lag time indicates that the β1-receptor is regulated at the translational or post-translational level. Removal of the sympathetic input to the pineal gland by superior cervical ganglionectomy decreases the β1-mRNA signal in the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 81 (1995), S. 222-229 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract As an alternative to morphological speciation, DNA probes have been developed to identifyEimeria crandallis andE. ovinoidalis, the species associated with ovine coccidiosis. Coccidia-free lambs were infected with pure cultures ofE. crandallis andE. ovinoidalis. Oocysts separated from faeces were sporulated and treated to release sporozoites from which DNA was purified. Repetitive DNA sequences were identified by hybridisation and cloned. The specificity of selected clones was tested by hybridisation with dot blots of four other ovineEimeria species, a mixture of caprineEimeria species andE. acervulina of the chicken. The probes allowed the detection of DNA equivalent to that present in approximately 1,500 oocysts. To increase the sensitivity of the test, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach was adopted, using oligonucleotide primers specific for the cloned repeats. By this method, less than 10 oocysts ofE. ovinoidalis could be reliably detected. In addition to the species-specific probes, other highly repetitive DNA sequences fromE. crandallis andE. ovinoidalis were cloned and sequenced; these repeats hybridised to all ovine, caprine and avianEimeria species tested and contained tandem CGA and putative telomeric repeats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 787-809 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: operator-splitting ; general algorithm ; characteristic-Galerkin ; laminar/turbulent ; incompressible ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In an earlier paper, Zienkiewicz and Codina (Int. j. numer. methods fluids, 20, 869-885 (1995)) presented a general algorithm for the solution of both compressible and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The algorithm, based on operator splitting, permits arbitrary interpolation functions to be used while avoiding the Babŭska-Brezzi restriction. In addition, its characteristic based approach introduces a form of rational dissipation. Zienkiewicz et al. (Int. j. numer. methods fluids, 20, 887-913 (1995)) presented the application of this algorithm in its fully explicit form to various inviscid compressible flow problems. They also presented two incompressible flow problems solved by the fully explicit form, employing a pseudo compressibility. The present work deals with the application of the above algorithm it its semi-implicit form to some incompressible flow benchmark problems. Further, it extends the methodology to turbulent flows by employing both one, and two equation turbulence models. A comparison of results with earlier investigations is presented. Other issues addressed in this study include the effect of additional diffusion terms present in the scheme for both laminar and turbulent flow problems and some practical difficulties associated with local time stepping.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 27 (1998), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: No Abstract
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: X-chromosome inactivation ; imprinting ; retinoblastoma ; transmission-ratio distortion ; methylation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have begun a search for heritable variation in X-chromosome inactivation pattern in normal females to determine whether there is a genetic effect on the imprinting of X-chromosome inactivation in humans. We have performed a quantitative analysis of X-chromosome inactivation in lymphocytes from mothers in normal, three-generation families. Eight mothers and 12 grandmothers exhibited evidence of highly skewed patterns of X-chromosome inactivation. We observed that the male offspring of females with skewed X-inactivation patterns were three times more likely to inherit alleles at loci that were located on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) than the active X chromosome (Xa). The region of the X chromosome for which this phenomenon was observed extends from XP11 to -Xq22. We have also examined X-chromosome inactivation patterns in 21 unaffected mothers of male bilateral sporadic retinoblastoma patients. Six of these mothers had skewed patterns of X-chromosome inactivation. In contrast to the tendency for male offspring of skewed mothers from nondisease families to inherit alleles from the inactive X chromosome, five of the six affected males inherited the androgen receptor alleles from the active X chromosome of their mother. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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