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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water Adsorption on Alkali Halide Surfaces in Air Observed with Force Microscopy (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 239-241 (Nov. 1996), p. 663-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.239-241.663.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absence of immunity to type II collagen and proteoglycan in osteoarthritic C57BL mice (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 222-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Immunity ; Type II collagen ; Proteoglycan ; Osteoarthritis ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We measured immunity to type II collagen and proteoglycans in osteoarthritic C57BL mice to determine whether it is related to osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Histological examination revealed articular cartilage lesions in all mice and synovitis in only a few mice. Immunological responses to type II collagen were found in collagen arthritic mice, but not in C57BL mice. Furthermore, immunological responses to proteoglycans were observed in proteoglycan-immunized mice, but not in C57BL mice. Therefore, articular cartilage degeneration may not result in autoimmunity to type II collagen and proteoglycans in osteoarthritis of C57BL mice, and immune responses to these components may not be a primary etiology of osteoarthritis in this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782263
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precursory Activation of Seismicity in Advance of the Kobe, 1995, M = 7.2 Earthquake (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 409-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: Earthquake prediction, algorithms M8 and MSc, seismicity, Japan.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A succession of precursory changes of seismicity characteristic to earthquakes of magnitude 7.0–7.5 occurred in advance of the Kobe 1995, M = 7.2, earthquake. Using the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) regional catalog of earthquakes, the M8 prediction algorithm (Keilies-Borko and Kossobokov, 1987) recognizes the time of increased probability, TIP, for an earthquake with magnitude 7.0–7.5 from July 1991 through June 1996. The prediction is limited to a circle of 280-km radius centered at 33.5°N, 133.75°E. The broad area of intermediate-term precursory rise of activity encompasses a 175 by 175-km square, where the sequence of earthquakes exhibited a specific intermittent behavior. The square is outlined as the second-approximation reduced area of alarm by the "Mendocino Scenario" algorithm, MSc (Kossobokov et al., 1990). Moreover, since the M8 alarm starts, there were no swarms recorded except the one on 9–26 Nov. 1994, located at 34.9°N, 135.4°E. Time, location, and magnitude of the 1995 Kobe earthquake fulfill the M8-MSc predictions. Its aftershock zone ruptured the 54-km segment of the fault zone marked by the swarm, directly in the corner of the reduced alarm area. The Kobe 1995 epicenter is less than 50 km from the swarm and it coincides with the epicenter of the M 3.5 foreshock which took place 11 hours in advance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050272
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time Distribution of Immediate Foreshocks Obtained by a Stacking Method (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 381-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Foreshocks, accelerating seismicity, power-law, stacking method, aftershocks.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —We apply a stacking method to investigate the time distribution of foreshock activity immediately before a mainshock. The foreshocks are searched for events with M≥ 3.0 within a distance of 50 km and two days from each mainshock with M≥ 5.0, in the JMA catalog from 1977 through 1997/9/30. About 33% of M≥ 5.0 earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks, and 50–70% in some areas. The relative location and time of three types of representative foreshocks, that is, the largest one, the nearest one to the mainshock in distance, and the nearest one in time, are stacked in reference to each mainshock. The statistical test for stacked time distribution of foreshocks within 30km from and two days before mainshocks shows that the inverse power-law type of a probability density time function is a significantly better fit than the exponential one for all three types of representative foreshocks. Two explanations possibly interpret the results. One is that foreshocks occur as a result of a stress change in the region, and the other one is that a foreshock is the cause of a stress change in the region and it triggers a mainshock. The second explanation is compatible with the relationship between a mainshock and aftershocks, when an aftershock happens to become larger than the mainshock. However the values of exponent of the power law obtained for stacked foreshocks are significantly smaller than those for similarly stacked aftershocks. Therefore the foreshock–mainshock relation should not be explained as a normal aftershock activity. Probably an increase of stress during foreshock activity results in apparently smaller values of the exponent, if the second explanation is the case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050270
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Statistical Models to Analyze Periodic Seismicity Observed for Clusters in the Kanto Region, Central Japan (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 609-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Statistical model, periodic seismicity, Kanto, stress release model, cluster.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A periodic pattern of seismicity has been reported for the Kinugawa cluster in the Kanto region, where several earthquake clusters are observed at depths between 40 and 90 km. To analyze this periodicity, statistical studies are performed for the Kinugawa cluster together with eight other clusters. Hypocentral parameters of the earthquakes with magnitudes 4.5 and larger for the period between 1950 and 1995 are taken from the JMA catalogue. The simple sinusoidal function, the exponential of sinusoidal function and the stress release model are applied as the intensity function. Model parameters are determined by the maximum likelihood method and the best model for each cluster is selected by using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). In six cases the sinusoidal model or the exponential of the sinusoidal model is selected as the best option and achieves AIC reductions of values between 2.4 and 13.2 units from the simple Poisson model. The stress release model is selected for two clusters. The three clusters, the Kinugawa, Kasumigaura, and Choshi clusters, have a similar optimal period of about 10 years, and align in the northwest–southeast direction at a similar depth range of 40 to 70 km. A model modified from the stress release model is applied to the three clusters so to analyze the relationship among them. In the modified model, an earthquake occurrence in one zone increases the stress in the other zone, which is different from the original stress release model which assumes a linear increase with time. Applying the modified model to the Kinugawa cluster, an AIC reduction from the Poisson model is significantly larger than the value obtained with the sinusoidal model. This suggests that the periodic seismicity observed for the Kinugawa cluster can be explained with the more comprehensive model than the sinusoidal model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050279
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)-GH-Somatic Growth and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)RH-LH-Ovarian Axes in Adult Female Transgenic Mice Expressing Human GH Gene (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have examined alterations in the hypothalamo-pituitary GH-somatic growth axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary LH-ovarian axis in a line of transgenic ICR mice expressing human GH (hGH) under the influence of the whey acid protein promoter. Transgenic female mice weighed twice as much as control females and were infertile. The size of the anterior pituitary (AP) was that of the controls. In transgenic mice, acinar cells in the mammary and mandibular glands displayed hGH-immunoreactivity, and plasma hGH was detected by radioimmunoassay. In the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of transgenic females, the immunoreactive-GHRH level was decreased (P〈0.01). There was a corresponding reduction in the number of GHRH-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and in the immunostaining of GHRH nerve terminals in the median eminence. The level of somatostatin (SRIH) in the MBH was increased (P〈0.05), and SRIH-immunoreactive neurons in the periventricular nucleus (PeV) were increased in size and number in transgenic mice. The MBH level of LHRH in transgenic animals was greater (P〈0.01) than in controls, although there was no apparent difference in the number of LHRH-immunoreactive neurons or in LHRH level in the preoptic area. There are fewer SRIH- and LHRH-immunoreactive neurons in the ARC in transgenic mice. Cells in the AP for GH, PRL, and LH were fewer in transgenic mice. The ovary suffered disturbance of follicular development and of corpora lutea formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.1997.00612.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of electrical properties of epitaxial SrTiO3 films on Si(001)-2×1 by in situ annealing (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 3213-3217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the formation of a high-quality SrTiO3 (STO) film on a Si surface which is an appropriate buffer film for fabricating high-Tc superconductor devices on Si by molecular beam epitaxy. The STO films with thicknesses of 1300–6700 Å are grown on a SrO buffer layer with a thickness of 100 Å on Si(001)-2×1 in ∼10−8 Torr. The growth temperatures for the STO films and SrO layer are 500 and 400 °C, respectively. The as-grown STO films are insufficiently oxidized regarding the Ti–O bond which is confirmed by the observation of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, although in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction spectroscopy and ex situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal a high-quality crystalline structure. The in situ postannealing for the as-grown STO films is performed at 500–900 °C for 60 min in an oxygen atmosphere of 1×10−6 Torr. The heat treatment promotes the oxidation of STO films and results in a high resistivity of 109–1011 Ω cm and a dielectric constant of 130 at 100 kHz at room temperature. The films consist of large grains with 150–200 nm diameter on the surface in the image of atomic force microscopy. The heat treatment does not prominently affect the crystallinity of STO films in the XRD patterns. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371192
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the carbon acceptor concentration on the photoquenching and following enhancement of the photoacoustic signals of semi-insulating GaAs (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7567-7574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spectral and the time dependent piezoelectric photoacoustic (PPA) measurements under the continuous light illumination were carried out at 85 K to investigate nonradiative recombination processes involving EL2 defect levels in carbon concentration controlled and not intentionally doped semi-insulating (SI) GaAs. The decrease of the PPA signal due to the photoquenching effect of EL2 is observed for a short period of illumination in the photon energy region from 1.0 to 1.3 eV. Since almost all of the carbon acceptors are compensated by deep donor EL2 in SI GaAs, electron occupancy of EL2 level can be controlled by changing the carbon acceptor concentration. It is found that the photoquenching becomes drastic with increasing the carbon concentration. After fully photoquenching, the PPA signal increases again through a local minimum by the continuous light illumination and finally exceeds the initial value before illumination until the saturation level is reached. The deep donor level EL6 and its metastable state are proposed. EL6 level donates electrons to compensate a part of carbon acceptors after EL20 to EL2* transition is accomplished. The nonradiative recombination through this level generates the PPA signal. Since the PPA measurement can detect lower concentration of EL6 than that of EL2, the higher sensitivity of the PPA measurements than the optical absorption measurements is pointed out. The usefulness of the PPA technique for studying the nonradiative transition through deep levels in semiconductors is also suggested. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365300
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved D-band luminescence in strain-relieved SiGe/Si (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1889-1891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Temporal decay characteristics of dislocation-related luminescence bands (D1–D4) were explored in strain-relieved epitaxial SiGe/Si(100). Close similarity of the decay profiles was observed not only between D1 and D2 bands but also between D3 and D4 bands. The decay transients of the D1 and D2 bands at low temperatures are characterized by long decay times, τ(approximately-greater-than)200 ns, whereas the D3 and D4 bands exhibit even sharper transients with τ〈60 ns. Temperature dependence of "radiative'' lifetimes implies a free-to-bound nature of the D1 and D2 bands, while a bound-to-bound character of the luminescence origins for the D3, D4 bands. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116284
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori: influence of resistant strains on treatment outcome (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 13 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : There have been no reports concerning the efficacy and safety of a 1-week quadruple therapy regimen of omeprazole, amoxycillin, roxithromycin and metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori infections and the impact of primary resistance on the eradication rate.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine consecutive patients with peptic ulcer disease as well as gastritis with biopsy-proven H. pylori infection were entered into an open study of omeprazole 20 mg o.m., amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s., roxithromycin 150 mg b.d., and metronidazole 250 mg t.d.s. Helicobacter pylori status was determined by urease test, histology and culture. Susceptibility to amoxycillin, metronidazole and roxithromycin was determined by the E-test.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: H. pylori was eradicated in 155 out of 169 (92%; 95% CI 88–96%) by intention-to-treat analysis, and in 155 out of 163 (95%; 95% CI 92–98%) by per protocol analysis. The prevalence of primary resistance against amoxycillin, roxithromycin and metronidazole was 2 out of 166 (1%), 16 out of 166 (10%) and 27 out of 166 (16%), respectively. H. pylori was eradicated in 25 out of 27 (93%) patients with metronidazole-resistant strains compared with 130 out of 136 (96%) in patients with metronidazole-sensitive strains of H. pylori. It was eradicated in 15 out of 16 (94%) patients with roxithromycin-resistant strains while in 140 out of 147 (95%) patients with roxithromycin-sensitive strains of H. pylori, and in two out of two (100%) patients with amoxycillin-resistant stains compared with 153 out of 161 (95%) in patients with amoxycillin-sensitive strains. H. pylori was eradicated in three out of four (75%) patients with double resistance against metronidazole and roxithromycin compared with 152 out of 159 (96%) patients with sensitive strains to metronidazole and or roxithromycin. None of these differences were statistically significant. Severe side-effects were found in only one out of 169 patients—anaphylaxis due to penicillin.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: The 1-week quadruple therapy with omeprazole, amoxycillin, metronidazole and roxithromycin was found to eradicate H. pylori in over 90% of all patients. This regimen was also found to be beneficial for patients with pre-treatment resistant strains to metronidazole, roxithromycin or amoxycillin, and was observed to be safe and well-tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00551.x
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