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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of the genome of a citrus isolate of olive latent virus 1 (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 141 (1996), S. 825-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The 3699 nt genome of olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1), described years ago from Southern Italy as a putative sobemovirus, was completely sequenced. OLV-1 genomic RNA was not polyadenylated and had a structure virtually identical to that of species of theNecrovirus rather than theSobemovirus genus. Five open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, of which the 5′-proximal encoded a 23 K protein and ended with an amber codon whose readthrough could yield a putative 82 K product. This polypeptide had extensive sequence similarity with polymerases of serotypes A and D of tobacco necrosis necrovirus (TNV-A and TNV-D) and species of the familyTombusviridae and related genera (Dianthovirus andMachlomovirus). Two small ORFs followed, which encoded polypeptides of 8 K and 6 K, respectively. The 6 K product had extensive homology with the comparable 6 K protein of TNV-A and was also related to the 11 K protein of shallot latent carlavirus, one of the “triple block” polypeptides involved in cell-to-cell virus movement. The 3′-proximal ORF was in the same position as the coat protein (CP) cistron of necroviruses and encoded a 30 K product related to CP of both TNV-A and -D. Computer-assisted comparative analysis of structural and non-structural proteins of OLV-1, TNV-A and TNV-D disclosed an overall distant relationship between OLV-1 and TNV-D. OLV-1 genome appeared homologous to that of TNV-A, but differences from TNV-A were the absence of the small ORF downstream of the CP cistron and in the low degree of sequence identity in CP (39% aa identity). OLV-1 is serologically distantly related to TNV-A and even more distantly related to TNV-D. We propose that OLV-1 is a necrovirus species in its own right.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718158
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grapevine virus A: nucleotide sequence, genome organization, and relationship in the Trichovirus genus (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 417-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The 5′ terminal region of the genomic RNA of grapevine virus A (GVA), a tentative member of the Trichovirus genus, encompassing 5 466 nucleotides, was sequenced. Evidence was obtained that the RNA is capped. Two putative open reading frames (ORF) were identified: ORF 1 that codes for a 194 kDa polypeptide with conserved motifs of replication-related proteins of positive-strand RNA viruses, and ORF 2 that encodes a 19 kDa polypeptide with no significant homology with protein sequences from databases. This polypeptide, however, showed 44% similarity with the product expressed by a comparable ORF present in grapevine virus B (GVB). GVA genome had the same size and structural organization as that of GVB. It also had the same size of the genome of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), the type species of the Trichovirus genus, but differed substantially in the number (5 versus 3), size, and order of genes. Differences existed also in the degree of sequence homology between polymerases, which did not cluster together in phylogenetic trees. Definitive (ACLSV, PVT) and tentative (GVA, GVB) trichovirus species differ molecularly, biologically and epidemiologically to an extent that warrants the taxonomic revision of the genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050088
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Updated ICTV list of names and abbreviations of viruses, viroids, and satellites infecting plants (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 140 (1995), S. 393-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309874
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aureusvirus, a novel genus in the family Tombusviridae (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 1847-1851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Aureusvirus is a new genus of plant viruses typified by pothos latent virus (PoLV) and comprising cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV), previously classified as definitive species in the genus Carmovirus. Aureusviruses are soil-borne viruses readily transmitted by sap inoculation to a moderate range of hosts. Natural transmissions of CLSV is by the chytrid fungus Olpidium bornovanus, whereas PoLV infects the host without the apparent intervention of a vector. Aureusviruses have isometric particles with size (c. 30 nm) and structure similar to those of the family Tombusviridae, to which the genus belongs. The genome consists of a molecule of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA c. 4.4 kb in size comprising five ORFs. The structural organization (i.e. number and order of genes) is virtually identical to that of members of the genus Tombusvirus. However, the aureusvirus genome has a smaller size and shows distinct differences in the amino acid sequence of some of the ORFs. ORF 1 encodes a 25 kDa product and terminates with a leaky amber codon the readthrough of which results in a 84 kDa protein (ORF 2) with the conserved motifs of RNA dependent RNA polymerase. ORF 3 encodes the coat protein (40-41 kDa), ORF 4 the movement protein (27 kDa), and ORF 5 a 14-17 kDa product responsible for symptom severity. Virions accumulate in great quantity in the cytoplasm, often forming crystalline aggregates, and in bubble-like evaginations of the tonoplast protruding into the vacuole. Replication is likely to occur in the cytoplasm with a stategy based on direct expression of the 5' proximal ORF and expression of downstream ORFs through subgenomic RNAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050423
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of infectious transcripts of olive latent virus 1: genes required for RNA replication and virus movement (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 1071-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Genomic RNA of olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1) contains five open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins of 23, 82, 8, 6 and 30 (CP) kDa. A full-length cDNA copy of OLV-1 RNA was prepared and cloned in a low-copy-number vector (pMUC-19) downstream of or T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Transcripts derived from this template, denoted pMUC-OLV, were highly infectious when inoculated in local and systemic hosts and infected tissues contained virus-like particles. Genes required for replication and virus movement were mapped by site-directed and deletion mutogenesis of the pMUC-OLV. ORF1 and ORF2 mutants were not viable, suggesting that replication requires the 23 and 82 kDa proteins. The 8 and 6 kDa polypeptides were involved in cell-to-cell movement, since their absence did not interfere with RNA replication but prevented systemic infection of inoculated plants. Mutant clones in R and S domains of the CP gene could replicate, but they did not systemically infect Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating that the CP gene is required for OLV-1 long-distance translocation. Mutant clones with large deletions in the CP gene were not viable, probably due to loss of 3′-proximal sequences required for RNA replication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050570
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a pothos (Scindapsus aureus) virus with unusual properties (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Scindapsus aureus ; Tombusviridae ; PoLV ; virus purification ; physicochemical properties ; serology ; cytopathology ; dsRNA ; cDNA ; molecular probes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A virus for which the name of pothos latent virus (PoLV) is proposed, was isolated by inoculation of sap from symptomless plants ofScindapsus aureus. PoLV had isometric particlesc. 30 nm in diameter, a monopartite genome consisting of a non polyadenylated, single-stranded RNA moleculec. 4,300 nucleotides in length, constitutingc. 17% of the particle weight, and a single type of coat protein subunit with aM r ofc. 40,000 Daltons. The biological properties (host range reactions) of PoLV resembled those ofTombusviridae for it infected most of the artificial hosts locally, inducing symptoms recalling those elicited by several species of the above family. Like tombus- and carmoviruses, PoLV had two subgenomic RNAs which, however, differed in size from those of both genera. The dsRNA pattern was also distinctly different. Cytopathological features recalled those of tombusviruses except for the lack of multivesicular inclusion bodies. PoLV was serologically related to, but distinct from twoCarmovirus (i.e., galinsoga mosaic and Ahlum waterborne viruses) and threeTombusvirus species (i.e. eggplant mottled crinkle, Sikte waterborne and Lato river viruses). Thus, PoLV had properties somewhat intermediate between those ofTombusvirus andCarmovirus genera but bridged the two taxa through the serological relationship with some of their species. The taxonomic position of PoLV is still undetermined. It must await the results of molecular investigations now underway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874763
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of a citrus isolate of olive latent virus 1, a new necrovirus (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: citrus ; chlorotic dwarf ; OLV-1 ; necrovirus ; virus purification ; physicochemical properties ; serology ; cytopathology ; dsRNA ; cDNA ; molecular probes ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A virus was recovered by sap transmission from plants of several citrus species exhibiting or not symptoms of chlorotic dwarf (CCD), a disease recently reported from Eastern Mediterranean Turkey. The virus was identified as an isolate of olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1), originally described as a possible sobemovirus. The citrus isolate of OLV-1 (OLV-1/Tk) possesses biological, morphological, physico-chemical, and ultrastructural properties similar, if not identical to those of the OLV-1 type strain and is also serologically indistinguishable from it. In addition, OLV-1/Tk has many properties, especially physico-chemical, in common with serotypes A and D of tobacco necrosis necrovirus (TNV-A and TNV-D). However, OLV-1/Tk is only very distantly related serologically to both TNV-A and D, suggesting that it can be regarded as a distinct species in the genusNecrovirus. OLV-1/Tk could not be detected in citrus tissues by ELIS A or dot-blot molecular hybridization, probably because of the extremely low virus concentration. By contrast, limited virus recovery was obtained by sap inoculation and fair detection rates were afforded by PCR. OLV-1/Tk was identified in 54 of 92 (59%) citrus plants affected by CCD and in 14 of 49 (28%) symptomless plants. These results do not support the notion that there is a cause-effect relationship between OLV-1/Tk and CCD, even though the more frequent association of this virus with diseased plants remains intriguing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877019
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of training on the response of androgen plasma concentrations to exercise in swimmers (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 70 (1995), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Testosterone ; Cortisol ; Sex hormone binding globulin ; Swimming ; Training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In eight top-level male endurance swimmers the aerobic performance and the response to exercise of total testosterone (T), free testosterone (fT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), non-SHBG-bound testosterone (NST) and cortisol (C) were evaluated during a training season. The swimmers participated in three test sessions which occurred 6, 12 and 24 weeks after the beginning of the season. During each session, after a standard warm-up, the swimmers performed a set of 15 × 200-m freestyle, with a 20-s rest between repetitions, at a predetermined individual speed. Three blood samples were collected: before warm-up, at the end of the set, and after 1 h of recovery. A few days before each session, the individual swimming velocity associated with a 4 mmol · l−1 blood lactate concentration (ν4) was assessed as a standard of aerobic performance. The values of ν4 were lower in the second session than in the third one. The concentrations of C, which increased after the exercise, showed the highest values in the second session. The values of T and the T: SHBG ratio increased after the exercise but returned to their initial concentrations during the recovery period. The values of fT and NST increased after the exercise in the first and third sessions. In the initial two sessions, when the aerobic performance was still low, the concentrations of NST decreased to below the initial values after recovery. In session III, when the adaptation to the training workload was complete, NST returned to resting concentrations after recovery. The results would suggest that stressful stimuli produced by an increase in training volume may induce changes in androgen metabolism during exercise. In this respect, NST would appear to be a better index of metabolic response than T, T/SHBG and fT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361537
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