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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of Early Childhood Caries—Results of a Fluoride Toothpaste Demonstration Trial on Chinese Preschool Children after Three Years (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 58 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: This field demonstration trial evaluates the long-term effects of introducing daily toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste in a Chinese kindergarten (test group) compared to caries development in children who had no organized preventive program (control group). Methods: In the test group teacher-supervised toothbrushing was initiated with 1,000 ppm MFP toothpaste in addition to oral health education activities. Test and control children were examined at baseline (n=289, aged 3 years) and annually thereafter. Results: After three years, 251 children (87%) were still in the trial. Caries development (dmfs) calculation included only those children who were present at both baseline and subsequent annual examinations. At baseline the mean dmfs was 4.8 in the test group and 6.5 in the control group (NS). After three years the caries increment was 6.2 and 8.4 in the test group and the control group, respectively (P〈.05). Adjusting for reversals, the net caries increment was 3.6 and 6.3, respectively (P〈.01). Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that both baseline dmfs, the program and plaque level had a significant effect on the net caries increment. The use of hierarchical caries severity zones was useful for the identification of those children most at risk for further caries development. Conclusion: We conclude that a daily toothbrushing with limited involvement of professional staff was feasible in a Chinese kindergarten and that caries development was significantly slowed in the test children. Caries severity zones may possibly assist in determining levels of intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1998.tb02985.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHANGES IN INTRA- AND EXTRACRANIAL TISSUE BLOOD FLOW UPON STIMULATION OF A RETICULAR AREA DORSAL TO THE FACIAL NUCLEUS IN CATS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. A small area in the dorsal part of the lateral tegmental field specifically responsible for the increase of blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) without accompanying change in the resting blood pressure was first identified in our laboratory. Since the area is located just dorsal to the facial nucleus, we named it the dorsal facial area (DFA; Kuo et al. 1987).2. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether an increase of blood flow in intra- and/or extracranial tissues was responsible for the increase in CCA blood flow upon DFA stimulation, and to determine the role of cholinergic transmission in this response.3. In 20 cats under chloralose and urethane anaesthesia, microsphere reference flow technique was used to measure the regional blood flow of intra- and extracranial tissues.4. Electrical stimulation of the DFA appeared to increase the regional blood flow of both cerebral hemispheres (intra-cranial tissues) and to increase predominantly the regional blood flow of extracranial tissues on the side ipsilateral to stimulation. Increases in the regional blood flow of intracranial tissues were enhanced after i.v. administration of atropine but reduced with physostigmine. In contrast, increases in the regional blood flow of extracranial tissues were reduced after i.v. atropine but enhanced after physostigmine.5. These findings suggest that DFA stimulation may promote the release of ACh in intra- and extracranial vessels. The muscarinic action may restrict the DFA-induced increase in blood flow of intracranial tissues, but enhance that of extracranial tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb01961.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of random amplified polymorphic DNA sequences in individual seedlings and bulked samples of four cultivars of Brassica napus (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Using four different random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, a qualitative and quantitative assessment was made of the level of DNA sequence heterogeneity present in the seedlings of four representative Australian rapeseed cultivars. It was found that, depending upon the primer/cultivar combination, the seedlings diverged from total homogeneity to almost complete heterogeneity. The increase or decrease of sample-specific RAPD sequences was evaluated in proportional mixtures of DNA from individual seedlings. These results were then compared with those obtained from bulked DNA samples containing DNA from all the seedlings of a cultivar. From these comparisons, it was found that for a specific RAPD to be detectable in a bulked sample, the particular polymorphism had to be present in at least 15% of the individual seedlings. Even so, the bulked samples produced cultivar-specific RAPD banding patterns with all four primers, showing that any of these primers could be used to identify the different rapeseed cultivars. In contrast to the cultivars ‘Oscar’, ‘Dunkeld’ and ‘Narendra’, the cultivar ‘Rainbow’ was found to be highly heterogeneous—as shown by a diversity of RAPD combinations rather than the presence of differing length RAPDs—and it is suggested that this heterogeneity may be related to the improved tolerance of this cultivar to blackleg infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00428.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of dental caries severity in Chinese kindergarten children (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 25 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dental caries status of a population group is traditionally described by mean values of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces (DMFT or S). Because of the limitations of the DMF values alone, additional measures of dental caries become important. A system of describing the pattern of dental caries attack hierarchically according to severity of caries was suggested by Poulsen & Horowitz (Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1974;2:7–11). The purpose of the present study was to analyze caries data from a group of 3–6-year-old Chinese kindergarten children according to this hierarchical system, assess the hierarchical assumptions of the system with deciduous teeth and evaluate its usefulness as an additional caries description for a kindergarten population. As part of a longitudinal field trial, baseline caries data were collected from 452 children. Caries was registered by tooth surface without the use of radiographs. Each child was assigned to one of six mutually exclusive zones of increasing caries severity, from zone 0=caries free through zone 5, the most severe, assuming that once a child was classified into a given zone it automatically belonged to all zones of lesser severity (except zone 0). On the basis of the original six zones. 61% of the children were classified correctly according to the hierarchical concept, but different alternative models which merged one or more zones together demonstrated varying percentages of correct classification, the cariologically most acceptable one placing 83% correctly. For each age group there was a close correlation between mean dmfs and increasing severity. The hierarchical model provides a valuable additional description of the caries status in deciduous teeth and is consistent with professional and epidemiological knowledge of caries attack patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00952.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mast cell heterogeneity in the human uvea (1999)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 112 (1999), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To identify chymase- and tryptase-positive mast cells in the human uvea, and to study their associations with different types of resident uveal cells, uveal specimens from 24 human donor eyes were cryosectioned in sagittal and tangential planes. Enzyme histochemical staining of chymase was combined with immunohistochemical staining for tryptase, detected with the APAAP method. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against c-kit, alpha smooth muscle actin, protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, CD45, and HLA-DR. In different uveal compartments, the total amounts of mast cells were calculated and the distributions of chymase and tryptase were quantified. All uveal mast cells were c-kit and CD45 positive and HLA-DR negative. No association existed between mast cells and actin-containing cells. Only a few mast cells were in close association with PGP 9.5-labeled nerve fibers. In the choroid, most mast cells were located in the inner central part (mean density = 48.9/mm2), and contained both chymase and tryptase (96%). The ciliary muscle contained numerous mast cells (mean density = 33.7/mm2), many of them tryptase positive but chymase negative (63%). In the pars plana, a high number of chymase-positive, tryptase-negative mast cells were found (20%). In the iris only a few mast cells were present. Although the choroid contains the most common subtype of mast cells, a unique situation concerning the distribution of chymase and tryptase is present in the anterior uveal tissues. A possible role for these cells in the special immunological situation of the anterior eye chamber merits further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050420
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous cellular expression of creatine kinase isoenzyme during normal rat heart development (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 178 (1998), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: myocyte ; nonmuscle cell ; myofibril ; mitochondria ; Arrhenius plot ; activation energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The degree to which developmentally related alterations in cardiac creatine kinase (CK) activity reflect modification of CK isoenzyme gene expression remains uncertain. The present studies addressed this question by assessing multiple aspects of CK in rat heart during the perinatal to adult transition. In addition to whole tissue, isolated and purified muscle and nonmuscle cells were studied, as well as myofibrillar, mitochondrial, and cytosolic subcellular fractions. Whole homogenate CK enzyme specific activity nearly doubled during the weanling to adult developmental period. Muscle cell CK activity increased by a similar magnitude. Nonmuscle cell activity decreased. In the adult heart, both myofibrillar and mitochondrial CK activities were augmented versus the weanling heart. The cytoplasmic fraction activity held constant during development. Electrophoretic isoenzyme analyses of both weanling and adult cardiac muscle cells indicated the presence of mitochondrial CK and MM-CK isoforms. Weanling heart nonmuscle cells contained mitochondrial, MM, MB, and BB isoforms; however, BB isoform was not detected in the adult heart nonmuscle cells. Arrhenius plots provided information regarding heart muscle and nonmuscle cell alterations during development. CK activation energies were also determined for whole tissue, muscle/nonmuscle cells, myofibrils, mitochondria, and cytosol. Results demonstrate that heterogeneous muscle/nonmuscle cellular composition and differential myofibrillar/mitochondrial subcellular composition account for normal, developmentally related changes in heart CK enzyme activity. CK isoenzyme gene expression changes were not detected in cardiac muscle cells, and transition of CK-B to CK-M gene expression is limited to nonmuscle cells during normal, weanling to adult development in the rat heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006805120251
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of shunt function in hydrocephalic patients with the radionuclide 99mTc-pertechnetate (1999)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 15 (1999), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Shuntography ; Central nervous system ; Radionuclide ; Hydrocephalus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In most cases of shunted hydrocephalus, shunt malfunction is evaluated by clinical examination and neuro-imaging. However if there is a discrepancy between neurological examination and imaging, additional shuntography can be helpful in the evaluation of the shunt function. In our clinic, radionuclide-imaging shuntography using 99mtechnetium-pertechnetate was performed in 85 children between 1992 and 1995. The results of shuntography were evaluated visually and from time-activity curves. Shuntography had a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 89%, and an accuracy of 93%, proved either by surgery or by clinical follow-up for 2–5 years. Corresponding to these results, we recommend the use of shuntography in cases with an uncertain shunt function before surgical revision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050381
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformations of a synthetic peptide which facilitates the cellular delivery of nucleic acids (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 4 (1997), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: Cellular uptake ; Vector peptide ; Conformation ; Circular dichroism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary We describe the synthesis of an amphipathic vector peptide which is able to form complexes with nucleic acids. Based on circular dichroism investigations, the nature of the structure obtained in water is questioned. The peptide adopts an α-helical structure in TFE and is partially in a β-sheet conformation in phosphate buffer at low peptide concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442880
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformations of a synthetic peptide which facilitates the cellular delivery of nucleic acids (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 4 (1997), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: Cellular uptake ; Vector peptide ; Conformation ; Circular dichroism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We describe the synthesis of an amphipathic vectorpeptide which is able to form complexes with nucleicacids. Based on circular dichroism investigations, the nature of thestructure obtained in water is questioned. Thepeptide adopts an α-helical structure in TFEand is partially in a β-sheet conformation inphosphate buffer at low peptide concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008899427075
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