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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NADPH-diaphorase and NOS enzymatic activities in some neurons of reptilian gut and their relationships with two neuropeptides (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Reptiles ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Nitric oxide ; VIP ; Galanin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of neurons containing the enzymes NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been studied in the gastrointestinal tract of lizard (Podarcis s. sicula) and snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). The techniques employed were the NADPH-d/nitroblue tetrazolium histochemical method, and the indirect immunofluorescence applied to cryostat sections and to whole-mount preparations. The colocalization of NADPH-d with NOS, with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and with galanin (Gal) was also studied, and a Western blot analysis using an antibody directed against mammalian Gal was performed on lizard stomach extracts. NADPH-d positive nerve cell bodies and fibres were found in the myenteric and submucous plexuses throughout the gastrointestinal tract of both reptiles. These nerve structures were also present in the other intramural nerve plexuses, although in smaller quantities. Both in lizard and snake, the stomach revealed a positive nerve population that was more dense than elsewhere in the gut. The population of the NADPH-d-positive neurons observed in the lizard was larger than that observed in the snake. The distribution of both populations was similar to those that have been described in the gut of several mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates. Both in lizard and snake, a one-to-one correspondence was noted between NOS- and NADPH-d-containing nerve cell bodies, and the nitrergic neurons containing Gal appeared to be more numerous than those containing VIP. Western blot analysis recognised a single band with a molecular weight (3.4 kDa) very similar to that of porcine Gal. It is hypothesised that at least some of the nitrergic neurons of the lizard and snake gut are inhibitory motor neurons innervating the circular smooth musculature. In addition, the colocalization of NOS and VIP in neurons enhances their inhibitory action. The role of the neurons containing both NOS and Gal remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050238
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature properties of GaInAs/AlGaAs lasers with improved carrier confinement by short-period superlattice quantum well barriers (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2863-2865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of the carrier confinement on the output characteristics of GaInAs/AlGaAs lasers was investigated. To improve the carrier confinement, AlGaAs/GaAs short-period superlattices were used as quantum well barriers. In comparison to lasers with GaAs barriers the structures with the modified barriers show improved temperature properties at low threshold current densities without deterioration of the internal quantum efficiency (〉95%). High characteristic temperatures (T0) well above 300 K were measured between 20 and 75 °C and laser operation up to 238 °C could be achieved. The large improvement in T0 is mainly attributed to the reduced thermionic emission of carriers out of the quantum well due to the increased barrier height and the carrier reflection above the barrier by the short-period superlattice. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122611
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of NO-Donors in Bovine and Rat Pineal Cells: Stimulation of cGMP and cGMP-Independent Inhibition of Melatonin Synthesis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The presence of soluble guanylate cyclase in the pineal and its regulation by adrenergic pathways has been well documented. Recent evidence points to adrenergically stimulated nitric oxide generation as a mechanism for coupling this pathway. To what extent nitric oxide (NO) signalling can influence adrenergically stimulated melatonin synthesis has not been investigated. Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophospate (cGMP) signal transduction in the bovine pineal has also received little attention. We describe in the present report: 1) a dose-dependent elevation of cGMP in response to the nitrovasodilators, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-l), 2) a dose-dependent inhibition of melatonin synthesis by SNP and SIN-1, but not by 8-Br-cGMP in both bovine and rat pineal cell cultures, which is not due to cytotoxicity as judged by two different approaches, and 3) immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (EC 1.14.23.-) in the intact bovine pineal gland and in cultured bovine pinealocytes. These data support the view that NOS is a component of the cGMP-generating system in mammalian pinealocytes. Although NO-donor molecules are also potent activators of cGMP accumulation, they may have other important actions in the pineal, namely the inhibition of adrenergic-stimulated melatonin synthesis. As SNP and SIN-1 exerted this inhibitory effect on cells regardless of whether they were stimulated by isoproterenol, forskolin or 8-Br-CAMP it would appear that NO-donors can act ‘downstream’ from the receptor/adenylate cyclase level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00749.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric field controllable Josephson junctions of high quality in high-Tc superconductors (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3031-3033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three-terminal Josephson junctions, the third terminal of which can be used to control the electronic properties of the device, are the key to a number of exciting device applications of high-Tc superconductors. To this end a novel device structure has been developed, which consists of an inverted metal-insulator-superconductor field-effect transistor into which a bicrystal grain boundary junction is embedded. These devices are excellent Josephson junctions as exemplified by their current–voltage characteristics and the magnetic field dependencies of the critical currents. The critical current of the junctions can be changed by 8% per volt applied to the gate electrode, the gate currents being negligible. Because they are sensitive to electric as well as magnetic fields, the junctions can be controlled by two independent inputs. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115567
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the critical current density in grain boundary Josephson junctions on a nanometer scale (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2289-2291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The critical current Ic of YBa2Cu3O7−δ bicrystal grain boundary Josephson junctions (GBJs) have been measured in high magnetic fields up to B=12 T. Even at the highest applied magnetic fields, Ic varied periodically with varying magnetic field. By comparing the envelope of the measured Ic(B) dependencies to model calculations we obtain information on the spatial distribution of the supercurrent density jc on a length scale down to below 1 nm. Our analysis gives clear evidence that jc has spatial inhomogeneities on all length scales down to 1 nm with a probability distribution p(a) for the characteristic length scale a of the inhomogeneities. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113263
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility and molecular modeling of triflumizole-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 15-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: β-Cyclodextrin ; triflumizole ; host-guest complex ; inclusion complex ; solvent accessible surface ; solubility enhancement ; hydrophobic effect ; dynamic Monte Carlo molecular docking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Solubility enhancement of the fungicide triflumicole byβ-cyclodextrin is explained using a thermodynamic approach. The influence of organic cosolvents on the overall equilibrium constants of triflumizole complexation withβ-cyclodextrin in aqueous solutions has been investigated. Their variance in mixed solvents is only partly explained by a competitive inclusion of substrate and cosolvent molecules inβ-cyclodextrin. The geometries of host-guest complexes have been estimated by molecular mechanics calculations. Their broad structural variety caused by the flexibility of host and guest molecules and different association possibilities of triflumizole have been analysed by a dynamic Monte Carlo docking method. The hydrophobic effect has been simulated by cominimization of the hydrophobic contributions to the solvation energy, calculated from the solvent accessible surface area of the complex and the conformational (potential) energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00706495
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and spectroscopic properties of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 25 (1996), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We compare spectroscopic properties of higher order complexes of organic guests (e.g. naphthalene, phenols, indole, C60 fullerene) with cyclodextrins (CDx) to results of molecular modeling investigations. Naphthalene 1:2 complexes with α-CDx show high spectral resolution and peculiar triplet properties. Molecular simulations and calculation of the experimentally measured induced circular dichroism (ICD) provide detailed structural information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041546
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In search of a function for tetrahydrobiopterin in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1995), S. 453-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key wordsNitric oxide synthase ; Tetrahydrobiopterin ; Pteridine metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract (6R)-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin (H4biopterin) is well known as a cofactor of enzymes that hydroxylate aromatic amino acids. More recent work has revealed an essential role of H4biopterin in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO), an intercellular messenger molecule synthesized from L-arginine by different NO synthase isozymes in many species and tissues. While the function of H4biopterin in aromatic amino acid hydroxylation is well established, the role of this pteridine in NO synthesis is, as yet, elusive. Current experimental evidence hints at a dual mode of action of H4biopterin, involving both an allosteric effect on the NO synthase protein and participation as a reactant in L-arginine oxidation. As discussed in detail in the present article, the latter effect of this pteridine may be related to the protection of NO synthase from feedback inhibition by NO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171035
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthases: catalytic function and progress towards selective inhibition (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 358 (1998), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO) is performed by the dimeric, heme-containing enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which requires the flavins FAD and FMN, as well as the pteridine cofactor (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin (H4biopterin) in order to catalyze the NADPH-dependent oxidation of L-arginine. The three major isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), although identical in that they contain a carboxy-terminal reductase and an amino-terminal oxygenase domain, fulfill diverse physiological functions, according to their differing expression patterns and mechanisms of activation. The pteridine H4biopterin, which affects both the conformational stability and activity of NOS, demonstrates anticooperative binding which results in the stoichiometric production of NO and O2 –. Physiological mechanisms involving superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione exist to avoid the subsequent formation of the potent oxidant peroxynitrite. With regard to inhibition of NO production, novel isoform-selective inhibitors are proving useful not only for dissecting the physiological functions of NOS, but also in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005233
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostik und Therapie der hämorrhagischen Diathese in der perioperativen Situation (1999)
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 4 (1999), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Blutungsneigung ; Hämorrhagische Diathese ; Erworbene und angeborene Thrombopathien ; Plasmatische Gerinnungstörungen ; DDAVP ; Key words Bleeding tendency ; Hemorrhagic diathesis ; Acquired and congenital qualitative platelet disorders ; Blood coagulation disorders ; Deamino-d-arginine vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In surgical procedures associated with high blood loss, such as vascular and cardiac operations, differential diagnosis and therapy of perioperative hemorrhage are of special importance. Preoperative screening for patients at high risk of bleeding and in particular for those with qualitative platelet disorders [drug-induced platelet disorders (in particular ASS), von Willebrand's disease and other congenital platelet disorders] is effective in minimizing blood loss. Bleeding in acute medical emergencies or during emergency operations may require treatment without specific investigations being performed in advance. Therefore, simple schemes are essential for the rapid management of acute hemostatic problems. The aim of this paper was to address the diagnostic and therapy of hemorrhagic diathesis focusing mainly on diagnosis and therapy of hemorrhagic diathesis due to blood platelet disorders and blood coagulation disorders and preoperative identification of patients at increased risk of bleeding.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Differentialdiagnostik und Therapie von perioperativen Blutungen besitzt in der Gefäß- und Kardiochirurgie bei Eingriffen mit hohen Blutverlusten einen besonderen Stellenwert. So ist es sinnvoll, Patienten mit einem erhöhten Blutungsrisiko bereits präoperativ zu erfassen und adäquat vorzubereiten. Insbesondere die präoperative Erfassung von Thrombopathien [medikamenteninduzierte Thrombopathien (insbesondere durch ASS), von-Willebrand-Jürgens-Syndrom, andere angeborene Thrombopathien] ist bei der Minimierung von Blutverlusten effektiv. Nicht elektive Situationen (Blutung bei Notoperationen, Akutpatienten) müssen oft ohne gezielte hämostaseologische Diagnostik rational therapiert werden. Einfache Schemata sind für ein schnelles Handeln unabdingbar. In dieser Arbeit soll versucht werden, Hinweise zu Diagnostik und Therapie der hämorrhagischen Diathese mit den Schwerpunkten: Diagnostik und Therapie der thrombozytär bedingten hämorrhagischen Diathese und Diagnostik und Therapie der plasmatisch bedingten hämorrhagischen Diathese aus hämostaseologisch-transfusionsmedizinischer Sicht zu vermitteln. Ein für den Routinebetrieb auf chirurgischen Stationen anwendbares Schema zur präoperativen Erfassung von Patienten mit erhöhtem Blutungsrisiko sowie erste Erfahrungen damit werden vorgestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010539
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