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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain Lactate Is an Obligatory Aerobic Energy Substrate for Functional Recovery After Hypoxia: Further In Vitro Validation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 69 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: This study used the rat hippocampal slice preparation and the monocarboxylate transporter inhibitor, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (4-CIN), to assess the obligatory role that lactate plays in fueling the recovery of synaptic function after hypoxia upon reoxygenation. At a concentration of 500 µM, 4-CIN blocked lactate-supported synaptic function in hippocampal slices under normoxic conditions in 15 min. The inhibitor had no effect on glucose-supported synaptic function. Of control hippocampal slices exposed to 10-min hypoxia, 77.8 ± 6.8% recovered synaptic function after 30-min reoxygenation. Of slices supplemented with 500 µM 4-CIN, only 15 ± 10.9% recovered synaptic function despite the large amount of lactate formed during the hypoxic period and the abundance of glucose present before, during, and after hypoxia. These results indicate that 4-CIN, when present during hypoxia and reoxygenation, blocks lactate transport from astrocytes, where the bulk of anaerobic lactate is formed, to neurons, where lactate is being utilized aerobically to support recovery of function after hypoxia. These results unequivocally validate that brain lactate is an obligatory aerobic energy substrate for posthypoxia recovery of function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69010423.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dealing with complaints - are we doing well? (1995)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of health care quality assurance 8 (1995), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-6862
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Economics
    Notes: Investigates the views of complainants and how they felt that theircomplaints had been handled. Complainants from a three-month period weresent a nine-question questionnaire to which the response rate was 52.3per cent. Shows that, on the whole, complaint-response times were beingmet; the complaints system was seen as user friendly; and, overall,complainants were satisfied with the way in which their complaints werehandled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09526869510098831
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brauer, Ralph W.: Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography : Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1995 (1997)
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    International journal of Middle East studies 29 (1997), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800064904
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  • 4
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    The Practices of Romans 1:26; Homosexual or Heterosexual? (1995)
    Leiden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Novum Testamentum. 37:1 (1995) 1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Topics: Theology and Religious Studies
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5215-1995-037-01-000001
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  • 5
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    Editorial Forty Years of "Behavioral Science" (1995)
    Baltimore, Md. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Behavioral science. 40:1 (1995:Jan.) 1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7940
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5019-1995-040-01-000001
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  • 6
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    Greater than the Sum of its Parts III. Information Processing Subsystems (1995)
    Baltimore, Md. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Behavioral science. 40:3 (1995:July) 171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7940
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5019-1995-040-03-000001
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onion fly,Delia antiqua, oviposition and mating as influenced by insect age and dosage of male reproductive tract extract (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 8 (1995), S. 617-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: sex peptide ; oviposition ; mating ; mating inhibition ; paragonial (accessory) glands ; individual variation ; monogamy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One hundred percent of virgin female onion flies,Delia antiqua, receiving ≥1/20 of a male equivalent of an aqueous extract of mature male reproductive tract remained unmated in the presence of males and began laying unfertilized eggs at a normally mated rate of about 20 eggs/female/day. The 50% behavioral response (BR50) fell between 1/40 and 1/20 of a male equivalent. Sex peptide responses are not always all-or-none. Some females receiving extract at ≤1/40 male equivalent oviposited at an intermediate rate. Moreover, at low sex peptide dosages, some females were fully activated ovipositionally but were receiptive to mating. A low level of sex peptide was present in 1-day-old males. Sex peptide titer rose with age until plateauing by 6 days posteclosion. Males began mating at 3 days, when they first had ample mature sperm; 50% of 6-day-old males mated. The mean number of females inseminated per male exposed to an excess of virgin females over 24 h was 4.3±0.6 (±SE). Presence of mature eggs was not always a prerequisite for mating, although probability of insemination was correlated with egg maturation. One-day-old preovipositional females receiving 1/20 of a male equivalent of extract began ovipositing when they had mature eggs at 5–6 days old. Therefore, sex peptide may act early and permanently or have a long half-life and affect behaviors once females reach sexual maturity. Male flies provide females with an excess of sex peptide in many cases.D. antiqua males transferred ca. 5–10 times more sex peptide than necessary to activate females fully. We suggest this excess is related to the speed of female response. It is yet unclear whether sex peptide potency or titer in Diptera has become exaggerated by intra- or intersexual selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997234
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of active species for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on magnesium molybdates (1999)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 58 (1999), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: oxidative dehydrogenation ; propane ; magnesium molybdates ; temperature-programmed reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pure and mixed magnesium molybdate phases (MoO3, MgMoO4, and MgMo2O7) have been examined for the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of propane. The results are very sensitive to the stoichiometry and method of preparation. The catalysts exhibiting superior activity and selectivity are characterized by a unique temperature-programmed reduction peak that is not present for the poorly active or selective catalysts. Mixtures of MgMoO4 and MoO3 or MgMoO4 and MgMo2O7, materials that perform poorly by themselves, show significant improvements in performance upon heating. The solid-state interactions leading to these improvements correspond to the appearance of the characteristic reduction peak. The results suggest that the beneficial synergistic effects seen with mixtures of inactive phases are due to formation of a new phase or species, rather than remote communication between phases (e.g., oxygen spillover).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019013514105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest roads and landscape structure in the southern Rocky Mountains (1996)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 11 (1996), S. 115-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: roads ; Colorado ; fragmentation ; conservation ; landscape structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Roadless areas on public lands may serve as environmental baselines against which human-caused impacts on landscape structure can be measured. We examined landscape structure across a gradient of road densities, from no roads to heavily roaded, and across several spatial scales. Our study area was comprised of 46,000 ha on the Roosevelt National Forest in north-central Colorado. When forest stands were delineated on the basis of seral stage and covertype, no relationship was evident between average stand size and road density. Topography appeared to exert a greater influence on average stand size than did road density. There was a significant positive correlation between the fractal dimension of forest stands and road density across all scales. Early-seral stands existed in greater proportions adjacent to roads, suggesting that the effects of roads on landscape structure are somewhat localized. We also looked at changes in landscape structure when stand boundaries were delineated by roads in addition to covertype and seral stage. Overall, there was a large increase in small stands with simple shapes, concurrent with a decline in the number of stands 〉 100 ha. We conclude that attempts to quantify the departure from naturalness in roaded areas requires an understanding of the factors controlling the structure of unroaded landscapes, particularly where the influence of topography is great. Because roads in forested landscapes influence a variety of biotic and abiotic processes, we suggest that roads should be considered as an inherent component of landscape structure. Furthermore, plans involving both the routing of new roads and the closure of existing ones should be designed so as to optimize the structure of landscape mosaics, given a set of conservation goals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02093743
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High latitude river runoff in a doubled CO2 climate (1995)
    Springer
    Climatic change 30 (1995), S. 7-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A global atmospheric model is used to calculate the monthly river flow for nine of the world's major high latitude rivers for the present climate and for a doubled CO2 climate. The model has a horizontal resolution of 4° × 5°, but the model's runoff from each grid box is quartered and added to the appropriate river drainage basin on a 2° × 2.5° resolution. A routing scheme is used to move runoff from a grid box to its neighboring downstream grid box and ultimately to the mouth of the river. In a model simulation in which atmospheric carbon dioxide is doubled, mean annual precipitation and river flow increase for all of these rivers, increased outflow at the river mouths begins earlier in the spring, and the maximum outflow occurs approximately one month sooner due to an earlier snow melt season. In the doubled CO2 climate, snow mass decreases for the Yukon and Mackenzie rivers in North America and for rivers in northwestern Asia, but snow mass increases for rivers in northeastern Asia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01093223
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