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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 1 (1995), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A polyimide-based process for the fabrication of vertical structures with high aspect ratio has been developed. O2 reactive ion etching (O2 RIE) has been employed in the polyimide processing. Achieved etching characteristics of the O2 RIE system are: 4.0 μm/min etching rate, 15 aspect ratio, 75 μm etching depth. Polyimide has excellent chemical and thermal properties which makes it a good building material for micromachines. Polyimide could be also used as molds for electroplating. Electroplated copper structures were formed in the polyimide molds and metal gears were fabricated by these fabrication technologies. New possibilities for micromachining were opened by the use of O2 RIE and electroplating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new facility using 6 MeV/n heavy-ion beams is described along with preliminary results of its applications to biophysical investigations. The beams are obtained at the terminal of the injector linac installed in the heavy-ion medical accelerator in Chiba. Various ion species (He–Xe) having different charge states are accelerated to the same velocity, which is suitable for comparing the charge effects of heavy ions. An attempt has been made for investigations of the track structure by using pBR322 plasmid DNA and spores as targets. Newly constructed equipment with the molecular beam source (H2O) placed on this beam line is also described. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1196-1198 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Ba+ beam is generated in a thermal contact–ionization plasma source made of a rhenium-foil cylinder 5 mm in diameter inserted into a tungsten cylinder for protection. The source can be heated up to about 3000 K. The maximum current of Ba+ already attained is 200 μA. The beam can be accelerated to 40 keV. The Ba+ beam is passed through a Li-vapor cell and neutralized by a charge-exchange reaction with Li atoms. A 100 μA/e Ba beam has already been obtained. The next subject is to measure the increase of energy spread of the beam passing through the Li cell by collisions with vapor atoms. An optical system has been developed for measuring it by the Doppler broadening of spectral lines emitted by Ba and Ba+ beam particles. Results of optical measurement are presented. The production of slow energy components has been observed. They are attributable to the head-on collision of Ba beam particles with a Na atom and with a K atom as impurities in the Li vapor cell. Because of the head-on collision, the energy spread of the main Ba beam is not changed in passing through the cell. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1199-1201 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The beam source is composed of a thermal contact–ionization plasma source and an accelerating lens system. The plasma source is made of a rhenium-foil cylinder 5 mm in diameter and it can be heated up to about 3000 K. A Li+ beam current over 500 μA has been obtained with this source. For the production of a Li− beam, an additional reservoir is attached to the source to supply Cs vapor into the plasma. The ion species can be examined by the time-of-flight (TOF) technique. In the case of Li+ production, ions of alkaline impurities, Na and K, in the Li metal have been observed in the TOF spectra. In the case of Li− ion production, the current intensity of negative ions also changes with the passage of operating time from K−, Na− to H− or H−2. This is also attributable to alkaline impurities in Li metal. A negative ion beam, which has been observed after the evaporation of impurities amounting to 200 nA, is very likely attributable to the Li− beam, though the corresponding TOF signal is very noisy. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 6782-6787 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on Er-doped GaAs grown with oxygen codoping by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. An isotropic line (an effective g value, g=5.95) which had been already reported was observed in samples without oxygen codoping. On the other hand, for samples with oxygen codoping other strong anisotropic ESR lines originated from four kinds of Er3+(4f11) centers (A, B, C, and D) were newly observed in addition to the weaker isotropic line. The anisotropic g tensors obtained by analyzing the angular dependence of the ESR lines indicate that B and C centers are of orthorhombic C2v symmetry, A center has lower symmetry than orthorhombic symmetry, and D center is of trigonal C3i symmetry. The ESR intensities of A, B, and C centers were approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of the isotropic line with g=5.95. The ESR intensity of D center was one order of magnitude lower than those of A, B, and C. The Er concentration dependence of the relative ESR intensities of these centers was investigated, which indicates (i) the ESR intensities of A and D increase with increasing Er concentration, and (ii) those of B and C are saturated above the Er concentration [Er]≥1018 cm−3. The ESR measurement under light illumination, as well as the Er concentration dependence, suggests that the B center with C2v symmetry corresponds to the dominant Er luminescent center under host photoexcitation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3678-3689 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Band gap and excitonic resonance energies of high-quality bulk single crystals, polycrystalline thin films, and epitaxial layers of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 were determined as a function of temperature by means of photoreflectance, optical absorption (OA), and photoluminescence measurements. OA spectra were fit including excitonic absorption from low temperature up to room temperature (RT). The band gap energy of 1.032 eV and free exciton (FE) resonance energy of 1.024 eV were obtained at RT for strain-free CuInSe2 giving an exciton binding energy of 7.5 meV. The band gap energy of both CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 was found to be essentially independent of the molar ratio of Cu to group-III atom (Cu/III) for near-stoichiometric and Cu-rich samples. The disappearance of the FE absorption in the In-rich (Cu/In〈0.88) CuInSe2 thin films was explained by plasma screening of Coulomb interactions. A slight decrease in the band gap energy of the In-rich films was attributed to a degradation of film quality such as high-density defects, grains, and structural disordering. The fundamental band gap energy in strained CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 epilayers was shown to decrease due to in-plane biaxial tensile strain. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4457-4460 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on Yb-doped n-type and p-type InP layers epitaxially grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. ESR spectra of Yb3+(4f13) were observed in both n-type and p-type samples. However, the ESR intensity of Yb3+(4f13) for n-type samples was found to be much lower than that for p-type samples. This suggests that most Yb ions in Yb-doped n-type InP are in the Yb2+(4f14) state rather than in the Yb3+(4f13) state. Thus an electron captured by the trap level formed by Yb in the band gap of InP is not located outside the Yb 4f shell as reported previously, but accommodated in the Yb 4f shell. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The authors have previously reported that homologous immunoglobulin (Ig)G reduces the occurrence of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, mainly by suppressing recruitment of immunocompetent cells into colitis lesions. However, the mechanisms of cell recruitment and of its suppression by IgG remain unclear. In addressing these questions, this study focused on the activation of T cells in the presence of macrophages. The authors found that [3H]-thymidine uptake of T cells from DSS-induced colitis mice, but not from normal mice, was significantly enhanced when cultured with DSS-pulsed macrophages. From the profile of cytokine production, it was suggested that T helper 1 (Th1)-type cells become predominant during stimulation. Addition of homologous IgG significantly suppressed T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, while no suppressive effect was observed with heterologous IgG. Mouse IgG F(ab′)2, but not Fc, fragments partially mimicked the suppressive effect of whole IgG. These findings provide evidence that Th1-type cells may play an important role in the development of DSS-induced colitis and that homologous IgG exerts its protective action at least in part through the F(ab′)2 portion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 25 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To obtain evidence of renin-synthesizing cells in the murine coagulating gland (CG), CG renin mRNA was detected by hybridohistochemistry. as well as in vitro reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in intact, castrated and testosterone-treated C57BL/6 mice. Hybridohistochemistry using paraffin sections of the kidneys and the CGs for the detection of renin mRNA was performed with digoxigenin-labelled probes. Some paraffin sections were immunohisto-chemically stained for renin by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. Total RNA was extracted, incubated by reverse transcriptase, and amplified by PCR. In the kidneys, the immunoreactivity and the positive signals of hybridohistochemistry using an antisense probe were restricted to the same juxtaglomerular cells. In the control and at 7 days after testosterone administration to castrated mice, both renin-immunoreactivity and -hybridoreactivity were expressed by the epithelial cells in the CGs, while, in the CGs of the castrated mice and 3 days after testosterone injection of castrated animals, neither renin-immunoreactivity nor -hybridoreactivity was detected in the epithelial cells. Using RT-PCR, renin mRNA from the mice in the control and 7 days after testosterone injection of castrated was amplified, whereas, in the castrated and the 3 days after testosterone injection of castrated groups, it was not detected. The data presented here provide additional evidence that CG renin is regulated by testosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract To compare the surface properties of calcium-ion (Ca2+)-implanted titanium with those of titanium and to investigate the mechanism of bone conductivity of Ca2+-implanted titanium, amounts of hydroxyl radical of Ca2+-implanted titanium and titanium were estimated. Also, the point of zero charge (p.z.c.) of oxide constituting surface oxides of Ca2+-implanted titanium and titanium was determined. Results showed that the amount of active hydroxyl radical on Ca2+-implanted titanium was found to be significantly larger than that on titanium, indicating that the number of electric-charging sites of Ca2+-implanted titanium in electrolyte is more than that of titanium. The p.z.c. values of rutile (TiO2), anatase (TiO2), and perovskite (CaTiO3), were estimated to be 4.6, 5.9, and 8.1, respectively. Thus, Ca2+-implanted titanium surface is charged more positively in bioliquid than titanium, accelerating the adsorption of phosphate ions. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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