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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 3 (1997), S. 191-198 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  This paper deals with the integration of different types of standardised and available fieldbus and sensor/actuator bus systems into control systems and applications. The concept for integration and the first steps of realisation considering the bus systems PROFIBUS, CAN and INTERBUS are presented here. This includes a simple but unified application programming interface (API) on all underlying interfaces including standardised fieldbus systems and other improvements for the adaptation to different fieldbus systems. A main feature of these improvements is that there is no recompilation necessary in case of exchanging field bus systems, making the integration of different fieldbus systems much easier. The remaining work for the system integrator is to modify a few configuration tables which are written in ASCII text and easy to handle. The presented concept is realised using VME bus systems with Motorola CPU board, real time operating system OS-9 and hard- and software modules for the interfaces to PROFIBUS, CAN and INTERBUS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1025-1035 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Analysis of X-ray diffraction data from a polycrystalline and well oriented fiber of the sodium salt of poly(dA)·poly(dT) shows that this B′-DNA corresponds to a right-handed antiparallel tenfold double-helix of pitch 32.4 Å, with C2′-endo furanose rings in both strands. The helix contrasts itself from B-DNA in terms of a very narrow minor groove. Difference electron-density maps have revealed that a continuous spine of water molecules, two per base pair, propagates along this groove with the same symmetry as the DNA and establishes new links between the two strands. In addition to this hydrated DNA helix, the monoclinic unit cell (space group P21) accommodates about 20 sodium ions and 12 water molecules in the vicinity of phosphate groups. These structured guest molecules provide an intricate network of bridges, ranging in size from a single sodium ion to a multiple sodium–water–water–sodium unit, connecting phosphate groups belonging to adjacent DNA helices. The crystallographic R value for this structure is 0.23 for a total of 102 reflections extending out to 3.2 Å resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4052-4057 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of sulfur (S) treatments on InP is investigated by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. For both n- and p-InP, the PL intensity is observed to increase about four times in magnitude if the scattering by the S overlayer is relatively small. Some PL bands are observed to disappear after S treatments and then reappear if the S-treated surface is heat treated at 220 °C in a vacuum of 10−3 Torr. By observing their dependence on the excitation power density, the doping level of the samples, and measurement temperature, these PL bands are ascribed to the optical transitions via surface states. Our results thus indicate that the S-treated InP surface may not be stable at a subsequent processing temperature of about 250 °C. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background There have been very few reports of occupationai allergies caused by inhalation of buckwheat flour. In this paper, we present a case of occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by buckwheat flour inhalation.Methods and results The patient had strong positive responses to grass and ragweed poiiens as well. The bronchoprovocation test showed early asthmatic response to buckwheat flour extracts. Serum specific IgE antibody to buckwheat flour was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to further identify the allergenic component of the extracts, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electroblotting studies were performed. Eight IgE binding components (9–55 kDa) were detected within the buckwheat flour extracts.Conclusion These results suggest that inhalation of buckwheat flour can caused IgE mediated bronchoconstriction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Eosinophils are known to be main effector cells in allergic inflammation and IgA antibody has been shown to be a potent stimulus for eosinophil degranulation in in vitro conditions.Objective To evaluate the possible role of IgA antibodies on eosinophil degranulation in lower respiratory mucosa of asthmatics, we tried to find a correlation between total IgA and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in induced sputum from asthmatics.Methods We measured total IgA and albumin levels by nephelometry, and eosinophil cationic protein levels by Pharmacia CAP system in induced sputum from 23 atopic asthmatics and 12 healthy controls.Results IgA and albumin levels in induced sputum from asthmatics with sputum eosinophilia (sputum eosinophil count 5% of 200 counted non-squamous cells) were significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) than those from controls. However, IgA and albumin levels in induced sputum from asthmatics without sputum eosinophilia were not significantly different with those from controls (P 〉 0.05). In induced sputum from asthmatics, ECP levels were significantly correlated with albumin (r= 0.44, P= 0.04) and IgA levels (r= 0.67, P= 0.002). ECP/albumin ratio was also significantly correlated with IgA/albumin ratio (r= 0.61, P= 0.004).Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that IgA antibodies in tracheobronchial secretion may be involved in eosinophil degranulation in asthma, and further study is needed to prove this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Inhalation of aerosolized lysine-aspirin (L-ASA) has been described as an alternative diagnostic method in aspirin-sensitive asthma. To further understand the pathogenetic mechanism of aspirin-sensitive asthma, we performed L-ASA (Inyesprin®) bronchoprovocation test (BPT) in 51 asthmatic patients (45 non-atopic and six atopic asthma). Twenty-six patients showed significant bronchoconstriction after the inhalation of L-ASA. Bronchoprovocation test produced immediate asthmatic responses in 13 cases as well as dual asthmatic responses in four cases, whose late onset asthmatic response was noted at 4–7 h after L-ASA inhalation. We conclude that L-ASA bronchoprovo-cation might be a useful method for the diagnosis and investigation of aspirin-sensitive asthma. However, L-ASA inhalation can also induce late onset asthmatic responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The outcome of isocyanatc-induced occupational asthma remains to be further defined. There have been few studies on the role of specific antibodies in prognosis of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) induced occupational asthma. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on the improvement pattern of airway hyper-responsiveness (AH). We analysed the prognostic factors that affected the outcome of 35 toluene diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma.Objectives To define clinical and laboratory parameters predicting favourable prognosis for TDI-induced occupational asthma.Methods and results After confirmation of bronchial sensitivity by TDI hronchoprovocation test (BPT), 35 patients were recommended to avoid exposure to TDI; they were also given anti-asthmatic medications including inhaled steroids and monitored for 2 years. Seventeen (49%) recovered completely with disappearance of airway hyperresponsiveness (AH) to methacholine during the follow-up period (mean duration: 12 months, range of 3–30 months). Eleven (31%) showed a significant improvement in AH for first year, which improvement stabihzed in the next year with mild symptoms. Seven (20%) patients did not show any evidence of improvement in AH and had persistent symptoms. Favourable prognosis was associated with a short duration of asthmatic symptoms before diagnosis (P 〈 0.05), immediate cessation of exposure after diagnosis (P 〈 0.05), milder degree of AH at diagnosis (P 〈 0.05), and the presence of specific IgE antibodies to TDI-human serum albumin conjugate (0.05 〈 P 〈 0.1). No association was found with atopic and smoking status, age, exposure duration, or length of latent period (P 〉 0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that early detection of TDI-induced asthma and immediate cessation of exposure are important factors for a favourable prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2631-2634 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A 110-nm-thick Ge0.38Si0.62O2 film on Ge0.38Si0.62 was annealed in NH3 at 700 °C for 4 h and analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy, backscattering spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and secondary-ion mass spectrometry. In the surface region of the oxide film, this annealing results in an incorporation of nitrogen bonded to germanium by the nitridation of GeO2. In the bottom region of the oxide film near the GeSi/oxide interface, elemental Ge appears. We attribute this process to the hydridation of GeO2 with hydrogen that comes from dissociated ammonia. Results obtained at 800 °C for a 380-nm-thick oxide film are similar. A model is proposed to explain the observed changes of the oxide after the ammonia annealing. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Perturbative experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [Phys. Plasmas 4, 1736 (1997)] (TFTR) have investigated transport in reverse shear plasmas. On TFTR, reverse magnetic shear plasmas bifurcate into two states with different transport properties: reverse shear (RS) and enhanced reverse shear (ERS) with improved core confinement. Measurements of the 14 MeV t(d,n)α neutrons and charge-exchange recombination radiation spectra are used to infer the trace tritium and helium profiles, respectively. The profile evolution indicate the formation of core particle transport barriers in ERS plasmas. The transport barrier is manifested by an order-of-magnitude reduction in the particle diffusivity (DT,DHe) and a smaller reduction in the pinch within the reverse shear region. The low diffusivities are consistent with neoclassical predictions. Furthermore, DT and DHe(approximate)χeff, the effective thermal diffusivity. Although the measured coefficients imply no helium ash accumulation, the situation is uncertain in a reactor due to unknown χeff scaling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1062-1067 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fueling of the plasma core by recycling in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)] has been studied. In plasmas fueled by deuterium recycled from the limiter and tritium-only neutral beam injection, the DT neutron rate provides a measure of the deuterium influx into the core plasma. A reduced influx with plasmas using lithium pellet conditioning and with plasmas of reduced major (and minor) radius is found. Modeling with the DEGAS [D. P. Stotler et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 4084 (1996)] neutrals code shows that the dependence on radius can be related to the penetration of neutrals through the scrape-off layer. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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