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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of protection induced by a Brazilian vaccine against Brazilian wild rabies viruses (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 1745-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  This report shows that the SMB vaccine currently used in Brazil for human immunisation provides different degrees of protection in mice, depending on the rabies virus strain used as challenge. Using the NIH and Habel potency tests to evaluate the protective activity of rabies vaccine, we observed that vaccinated mice showed a higher resistance to a challenge with a fixed rabies virus (CVS – Challenge Virus Strain). The vaccine potency using the Habel or NIH tests was respectively 〉 6.4 (log 10) and 1.0 (Relative Potency-RP) when the fixed rabies virus was used for challenge, and from 2.9 to 4.3 (log 10) or 0.13 to 0.8 (RP) when different wild rabies viruses were used for challenge. The presence of virus neutralising antibodies (VNA) could not explain the differences of susceptibility after vaccination, since sera of vaccinated animals had similar VNA levels against both fixed and wild strains before virus challenge (respectively, 5.6 ± 0.24 and 5.0 ± 0.25 IU/ml of VNA against the fixed rabies virus and the 566-M strain of wild rabies virus in sera of mice vaccinated with 0.2 units of vaccine). Only cell-mediated immunity parameters correlated with the protection induced by vaccination. The IFNγ titers found in sera and brain tissues of animals challenged with CVS strain were higher (from 36.7 ±  5.7 to 293.3  ±  46.2 IU/ml) than those found in mice challenged with 566-M virus strain (from 16.7 ± 5.8 to 36.7 ± 5.8). The proliferation index of spleen cells obtained with CVS stimulation reached a maximal value of 15.1 ± 0.7 while spleen cells from vaccinated mice stimulated with 566-M virus failed to proliferate. The implications of these data in human protection by vaccination are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050413
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SET OF HYBRID EQUILIBRIUM FINITE ELEMENT MODELS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOLIDS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2789-2802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite elements ; three-dimensional elasticity ; equilibrium formulations ; hybrid finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper an approach to the formulation of equilibrium elements for the analysis of three-dimensional elasticity problems is presented.This formulation is an extension of the approach previously proposed for the analysis of two-dimensional elasticity problems. The general aspects of the formulation remain unchanged when applied to the new problem, but new points are considered, namely the way to perform volume integrations for general elements and the techniques used to obtain the self-equilibrated three-dimensional stress approximation functions.The numerical behaviour of such elements is presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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