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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxyurea-induced dermatomyositis-like eruption (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hydroxyurea is frequently used to treat myeloproliferative syndromes. Cutaneous lesions resembling those seen in dermatomyositis have rarely been reported in the course of treatment with hydroxyurea. We report six additional patients with this unusual adverse effect. All of the patients had a very typical and similar cutaneous eruption, with scaly, linear erythema on the dorsa of the hands. Leg ulceration occurred in two cases. Muscle involvement was never observed. One patient had unexplained lung disease. In all the others the disorder pursued a benign course, even when hydroxyurea was not withdrawn. Dermatomyositis-like lesions seem to be a not infrequent and characteristic adverse reaction to hydroxyurea. Investigations are not required, and the course is usually benign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02677.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes: Field variables to control emulsion type (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 945-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Emulsion type ; amphiphilic polymer ; polyelectrolyte ; polymeric surfactant ; balanced copolymers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Highly hydrophobically modified (with n-dodecylamide chain) linear poly(acrylic acid)s (HHMPAAH) and poly(sodium acrylate)s (HHMPAANa) with various degrees of grafting (τ) were synthesized and used as emulsifiers of the n-dodecane/water system. The type of emulsion, oil in water (O/W) or water in oil (W/O), was investigated as a function of the polymer chemical structure (τ, salt or acid form of the copolymer) and aqueous phase electrolyte concentration (NaNO3). Increasing τ and/or salt concentration was found to favor the formation of inverse emulsions. Direct liquid–liquid dispersions are more likely to form with poly(sodium acrylate)s than with poly(acrylic acid)s. Hence, field variables such as τ, pH and ionic strength are relevant parameters to control emulsion type. Moreover, a balanced polyelectrolyte neither soluble in oil nor in water was synthesized for the first time. With this original emulsifier, the dispersion type was found to change from O/W to W/O with polymer salting out. The work provides convenient model system for fundamental studies of polymer conformation at liquid–liquid interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050332
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes stabilizing macroemulsions: relationship between copolymer structure and emulsion type (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Emulsion type ; amphiphilic polymer ; polyelectrolyte ; polymeric surfactant ; balanced copolymers ; HLB scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The types of emulsions, oil (n-dodecane) in water (O/W) or water in oil (W/O), stabilized with highly hydrophobically grafted linear poly(sodium acrylate)s, were investigated as a function of polymer chemical architecture. Consequently, a large number of macroemulsifiers, covering a wide range of hydrophobicity, were synthesized by changing the degree of grafting (τ), length (n) and type (single- versus twin-tailed) of the hydrophobic moiety. Monovalent salt (NaNO3) concentration was used as a probe to adjust and hence to estimate the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of each copolymer. τ, n, type of graft and electrolyte concentration were identified as field parameters to control emulsion type. In general, decreasing either τ or n was found to favor the formation of direct emulsions. Inverse dispersions were preferentially formed with twin-tailed rather than single-tailed copolymers. Moreover, the types of emulsions stabilized with well-balanced polyelectrolytes can be flipped from O/W to W/O with increasing salt concentration. Finally, following the Davies concept, a HLB scale for polymers was created from a comparison with surfactants of nearly identical chemical structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050372
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early detection and early treatment (1997)
    Springer
    Urological research 25 (1997), S. 299-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294654
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsions stabilized with hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 105 (1997), S. 228-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Emulsion ; amphiphilic polymer ; associative polymerstability ; rheology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Hydrophobically Modified (with alkylamide chain) linear Poly(acrylic acid) Sodium Salt (HMPAANa) of various degree of grafting (τ) and alkyl chain length (n) were synthesized and used as emulsifiers ofn-dodecane/water (NaNO3 10−3M) system. Stability and flow properties of the resultingn-dodecane in water emulsions (dispersed phase volume fraction=0.5) were investigated as a function ofτ (τ=0 to 10% in mol),n (n=12, 18) and polymer concentration (0–10%). It was clearly shown that viscosification (via an associative mechanism of HMPAANa) of the external phase of emulsions is a key factor to explain dispersions breakdown. However, a complete description of the phenomenon could not be achieved without considering the adsorption of the polymer at the liquid-liquid interface which depends closely onτ andn. More generally, the behavior of emulsions was found to be described adequately by the degree of hydrophobicity of HMPAANa's using a simple model conjugating the effects ofτ andn. As a matter of fact, the model was also found to provide a satisfactory description of HMPAANa's aqueous solutions as well, so that a good picture of emulsions properties can be deduced from the polymer behavior in water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188956
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The new medium MDSS2N, free of any animal protein supports cell growth and production of various viruses (1999)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 30 (1999), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: BHK-21/BRS ; MDCK ; non-animal-derived ; serum-free medium ; Vero ; virus-production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The development of media free of serum and animal or human proteins is of utmost importance for increasing the safety of biologicals produced for therapy and vaccination. In order to reduce the risk of contamination, we have modified the serum free medium MDSS2, a very efficient serum free medium for the production of various biologicals including experimental vaccines using different cell lines (Merten et al., 1994), by replacing the animal derived products by plant extracts. The new serum and animal protein free medium (MDSS2N) can be efficiently used for biomass production of various cell lines. These cells grow equally well or better in this new serum-free medium than in the old formulation (MDSS2): • BHK-21/BRS cells, adapted to MDSS2N, showed an overall specific growth rate of 0.0197 h-1 (μ_max = 0.0510±0.0058 h-1), whereas those cultivated in MDSS2 grew with an average specific growth rate of 0.0179 h-1 (μ_max = 0.0305±0.0177 h-1). • Vero cells grew with an average specific growth rate of 0.0159 h-1 and 0.0153 h-1 in MDSS2 and MDSS2N, respectively. Very similar growth rates were obtained in microcarrier cultures in stirred tank reactors: the specific growth rates were 0.0161 h-1 and 0.0166 h-1 for MDSS2 and MDSS2N cultures, respectively. • For MDCK cells, when cultured on microcarriers in bioreactors, a higher average specific growth rate was observed in MDSS2N than in MDSS2; values of 0.0248 h-1 and 0.0168 h-1, respectively, were obtained. The capacity of MDSS2N to support the production of different viruses was equally evaluated and it could be established that for certain viruses there are no or insignificant differences between MDSS2N and MDSS2 (influenza and polio virus), whereas, the production of rabies virus is somewhat reduced in MDSS2N when compared to MDSS2. The use of MDSS2N for cell culture and the production of various viruses is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008021317639
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