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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Levels of the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are closely related biochemical phenotypes. Both are under strong genetic control. Linkage and association studies suggest the structural gene encoding DβH (locus name, DΒH) is a major locus influencing plasma activity of DβH. This study examined relationships of DBH genotype determined at two polymorphic sites (a previously described GT repeat, referred to as the DBH STR and a single-base substitution at the 3’ end of DBH exon 2, named DBH*444 g/a), to CSF levels of DβH protein in European-American schizophrenic patients, and to plasma DβH activity in European-American patients with mood or anxiety disorders. We also investigated linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the polymorphisms in the pooled samples from those European-American subjects (n=104). Alleles of DBH*444 g/a were associated with differences in mean values of CSF DβH levels. Alleles at both polymorphisms were associated with plasma DβH activity. Significant LD was observed between respective alleles with similar apparent influence on biochemical phenotype. Thus, allele A3 of the DBH STR was in positive LD with DBH*444a, and both alleles were associated with lower plasma DβH activity. DBH STR allele A4 was in positive LD with DBH*444 g, and both alleles were associated with higher plasma DβH activity. The results confirm that DBH is a major quantitative trait locus for plasma DβH activity, and provide the first direct evidence that DBH also influences CSF DβH levels. Both polymorphisms examined in this study appear to be in LD with one or more functional polymorphisms that mediate the influence of allelic variation at DBH on DβH biochemical phenotypic variation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: [123I]β-CIT ; Dopamine transporter ; Cocaine ; Medication development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The in vivo potency of euphorigenic doses of intravenous cocaine for displacing [123I]β-CIT ([123I]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane) binding to striatal dopamine transporters (DAT) was assessed in human cocaine addicts using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Cocaine-dependent subjects (n=6) were injected with [123I]β-CIT and imaged 24 h later under equilibrium conditions. Sequential cocaine infusions (0.28±0.03 and 0.56±0.07 mg/kg) produced significant (P〈0.0005) reductions in the specific to non-specific equilibrium partition coefficient, V3″ (6±6 and 17±3%), a measure proportional to DAT binding potential. Regression analysis of the logit transformed data enabled reliable determination of the Hill coefficient (0.51) and 50% displacement (ED50) dose of cocaine (2.8 mg/kg). These preliminary data suggest that cocaine produces behavioral effects in humans at measurable levels of DAT occupancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 39 (1997), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: fruit trees ; gender ; length of residence ; traditional practice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tree holdings at homesteads and in homefields were investigated for two villages in Zimbabwe. Of the households, 90% owned at least one exotic tree. Trees were concentrated at homesteads and conserved indigenous trees tended to be edible fruit trees. Female heads of households (divorcees and widows) had fewer trees than households headed by men. Households with longer period of residence at a site had increased the proportion of indigenous fruit trees compared to non-fruit trees. Wealth status showed no relationship to tree holdings. The considerable tree planting and tree conservation activity around homesteads and in homefields has the effect of replacing non-fruit indigenous trees with exotic and indigenous fruit trees. Agroforestry research, extension and development should focus more on current practices, concentrate more on trees that farmers favour (such as fruit trees) and take into account differences among households.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: HIV vaccines; HIV antibodies; gp120; gp41; Pepscan; statistical data analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To enhance utility of the linear epitope mapping (Pepscan) technique for assay of humoral responses linked to vaccination, two modifications were tested. First, peptides were incubated with serum contained in baths rather than individual wells. Second, a rigorous statistical model was developed to determine which peptide/antibody-binding interactions were significant. The modifications increased the ability to detect signal in these experiments by 15- to 45-fold. These two modifications were applied to linear epitope mapping of HIV seropositive volunteers under treatment with recombinant HIV gp160 and also to rabbits immunized with the same product. Changes in fine specificity of response were observed in animal models and human vaccine recipients over the course of an immunization series with this antigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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