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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Simulation of the Sensitivity of Summer Monsoon Circulation and Rainfall over India to Land Surface Processes (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 152 (1998), S. 781-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Numerical simulation, summer monsoon, circulation, land surface, parameterization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The influence of soil moisture and vegetation variation on simulation of monsoon circulation and rainfall is investigated. For this purpose a simple land surface parameterization scheme is incorporated in a three-dimensional regional high resolution nested grid atmospheric model. Based on the land surface parameterization scheme, latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are explicitly estimated over the entire domain of the model. Two sensitivity studies are conducted; one with bare dry soil conditions (no latent heat flux from land surface) and the other with realistic representation of the land surface parameters such as soil moisture, vegetation cover and landuse patterns in the numerical simulation. The sensitivity of main monsoon features such as Somali jet, monsoon trough and tropical easterly jet to land surface processes are discussed.¶Results suggest the necessity of including a detailed land surface parameterization in the realistic short-range weather numerical predictions. An enhanced short-range prediction of hydrological cycle including precipitation was produced by the model, with land surface processes parameterized. This parameterization appears to simulate all the main circulation features associated with the summer monsoon in a realistic manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050178
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Radiative Transfer in Maintaining the Indian Summer Monsoon Circulation (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 149 (1997), S. 601-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Atmospheric radiative transfer, circulation, Indian summer monsoon, thermal forcing.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The radiative-convective feedback and land-sea thermal forcing play significant roles in maintenance of the summer monsoon circulation over the Indian sub-continent. In this study, the role of radiative transfer in maintaining the monsoon circulation is examined with numerical sensitivity experiments. For this purpose, a sixteen layer primitive equation limited area model is used to perform numerical simulations with and without atmospheric radiative transfer processes parameterized in the model. The initial values and boundary conditions for the numerical integrations of the model are derived from operational analyses of the ECMWF, UK. The results show that the radiative transfer is essential in maintaining the intensity of the low level Somali Jet as well as the upper level Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) over the Indian sub-continent and adjoining seas. The meridional circulation over the region is also well simulated. As a result, enough moisture transports from the warm equatorial region to simulate more realistic orographic precipitation in the windward side of the mountains along the West coast of India. Without radiative transfer processes in the model atmosphere the simulated monsoon circulation weakens, moisture transport decreases and the precipitation lessens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050043
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the Planetary Boundary Layer Physics on Medium-range Prediction of Monsoon over India (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 33-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: PBL parameterisation, TKE closure, Indian summer monsoon, monsoon depression, medium-range forecast.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The present study emphasizes the importance of proper representation of boundary layer physics in a general circulation model. The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) closure scheme incorpo rates important processes of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) compared to a simplistic first-order closure model. Hence the model which has the TKE closure scheme is capable of simulating important weather systems associated with summer monsoon, such as monsoon depressions and lows that form over the Indian subcontinent quite well compared to the first-order closure model. The present study indicates better performance of the global model with the TKE scheme in the prediction of the monsoon circulation, including the tracks of the depressions over the Indian subcontinent. Medium-range weather prediction has also improved with the use of the TKE closure. However further studies are necessary to improve the forecast, with emphasis on boundary layer processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050253
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Mutual Response of the Tropical Squall Line and the Ocean (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 1-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: COAMPS, coupled model, mutual response, tropical squall line, atmosphere, ocean, heat fluxes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is used to investigate the mutual response of a tropical squall line and the ocean. Simulated squall line compares well with the observations, and consists of counterrotating vortices, and has a bow shape bulge toward the leading edge. In addition to these features, which are also shown in the previous numerical simulations, the unique results from the coupled simulation indicate that the air–sea interaction processes within the squall line are important. They affect both the atmosphere and the ocean locally. Simulated upper ocean displays significant response to the squall line with upwelling and baroclinicity. Depth of the ocean mixed layer in the coupled simulation becomes modified due to feedback processes. Ocean temperature acts as a destabilizing factor, and the salinity as a stabilizing factor. Surface turbulent fluxes from the coupled simulation are about 10% less than that of the uncoupled simulation. The SST in the coupled simulation decreases by about 0.21°C. Predicted squall line in the coupled simulation is weaker as compared to the uncoupled simulation. This is reflected in terms of differences in surface fluxes, cloud water, rain water and vertical velocities between the two simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050252
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Investigation of the Somali Jet Interaction with the Western Ghat Mountains (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 154 (1999), S. 365-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Numerical investigation, Somali jet, the Western Ghat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —Several major features of the interaction of the Somali jet with the Western Ghat Mountains have been observed. These include a pressure ridge, strong vertical motions, and occurrences of highly reflective cloud and heavy rainfall rates along the west coast of India. A triple nested regional weather prediction model has been used to investigate the dynamic interaction between the Somali jet and the Western Ghat Mountains. Two numerical experiments were conducted; one with the topography of western India and the other without. In the experiment without topography, the Western Ghat Mountains were removed from the innermost domain. The results for the innermost domain in the two experiments were analyzed and compared. The results from the simulation with topography captured several of the observed features of the Somali jet interaction with the Western Ghat Mountains. The simulation without topography failed to reveal these features. The results suggest that the blocking effect of the Western Ghats plays an important role in the prediction of the rainfall over the west coast of India.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050234
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic study of the effect of hydroxyl ion on thermal diffusivity of γ alumina (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 1987-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of the chemisorbed hydroxyl groups on the thermal diffusivity of γ alumina is determined by evaluating the thermal diffusivity at various degassing temperatures and by doping it with rare earth oxide using photoacoustic technique. The thermal diffusivity is found to decrease with the increase in degassing temperature as well as with the increase in the doping concentration of rare earth oxide. This decrease has been attributed to the loss of hydroxyl ion from the γ-Al2O3. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369193
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic study of the effect of degassing temperature on thermal diffusivity of hydroxyl loaded alumina (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2939-2941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal diffusivity of γ-alumina is determined by the photoacoustic method. The method is calibrated by determining the thermal diffusivity of copper and aluminum. The effect of the chemisorbed hydroxyl groups on thermal diffusivity is studied by degassing the sample at different temperatures. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114818
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HIGH TEMPERATURE SHORT FATIGUE CRACK BEHAVIOUR IN A STAINLESS STEEL (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Continuous low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests with-and without-hold time in push-pull and torsion loading modes and sequential LCF tests in push-pull mode were carried out at 650°C in air on thin tubular specimens of 316 stainless steel; the sequential tests involving pure fatigue (PF) and creep-fatigue (CF) loadings. The growth of short fatigue cracks was studied by taking several replicas from the specimen surface which were subsequently observed under a scanning electron microscope. An analysis was done with respect to both crack density and the orientation of microcracks and macrocrack(s) which led to failure.Crack density was higher on the surface of a CF tested specimen than that of a PF tested specimen. Mainly short cracks oriented at 45° to the specimen axis were observed on a torsion fatigue tested specimen surface. For push-pull specimens the microcracks propagated perpendicular to the specimen axis to form macrocracks that propagated in the same direction. On the other hand, for torsion specimens the microcracks which initially propagated at 45° to the specimen axis linked to form macrocracks oriented parallel and perpendicular to the specimen axis. However, the macrocrack responsible for the final fracture was always oriented parallel to the specimen axis.Cumulative damage was dependent on the type of loading (PF or CF) in the first part of sequential tests. In particular microcracks initiated during an initial damage phase observed under sequential LCF tests in PF were found to be healed by oxide formation during the hold times applied in the subsequent CF loading and this produced a total damage summation significantly larger than one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01544.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress induced embrittlement of stainless steel (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 45 (1998), S. 262-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper discusses the aspect of probable stress induced embrittlement of 304 stainless steel stresses originating from thermal exposure, uniaxial tension, and reverse bending, which have been simulated on the surface of SS plates of 1mm thickness, using conventional techniques. The physical and electrochemical properties of the treated SS materials have been followed up as a function of the corroding medium and also the type and extent of the stress interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035599810223814
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A non-hydrostatic modeling study of surface moisture effects on mesoscale convection induced by sea breeze circulation (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 58 (1996), S. 103-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Convection and subsequent precipitation induced by the sea breeze circulations are often observed in the Florida peninsula during summer. In this study, the mechanisms of initiation and maintenance of the convective clouds and precipitation are investigated. A fully-compressible fine resolution non-hydrostatic mesoscale numerical model is used in this study. Surface energy and moisture budget were included in this model to simulate the diurnal cycle of ground surface temperature and wetness. The model also has a sophisticated boundary layer and explicit cloud physics. A sounding obtained from Orlando, Florida at 1110 UTC 17 July 1991 as part of the Convection and Precipitation Electrification (CaPE) experiment is used for initialization. The initial data for the model is kept in geostrophic and thermal wind balance. Several sensitivity tests were conducted to investigate the effects of different treatments of ground surface moisture and temperature on the model forecast of the convection and precipitation induced by the sea breeze circulations. The simulations agree reasonably well with the observations when both surface energy and moisture budget were included in the model to predict ground surface temperature and wetness. The surface moisture has a significant impact on the formation, strength, sustenance, and the location of convection and precipitation induced by the sea breezes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01027559
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