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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on triploid oysters in Australia: effect of initial size on growth of diploid and triploid Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a 2-year grow-out trial, triploid Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley), from two initial size grades grew faster (in terms of both mean whole weight and shell height) than the equivalent initial size grades of sibling diploids (P 〈 0.05). Small size grade triploids caught up with and had significantly heavier (P 〈 0.05) final whole weights than large size grade diploids after a 2-years grow-out period. The initial size grade had a significant effect on final mean whole weight and shell height for both ploidy types. After the 2-years grow-out trial, the final mean whole weights (but not shell heights) of small and large diploids (35.8 ± 0.6 g and 39.4 ± 0.5 g, respectively) were significantly different (P 〈 0.05). Small and large triploids grew at a similar rate for the first 18 months despite the significantly (P 〈 0.05) heavier final mean weight of large grade triploids (48.4 ± 0.8 g and 61.2 ± 0.7 g, respectively). The effect of the initial size grade on subsequent growth of both diploid and triploid oysters which was demonstrated in the present study is of significant commercial value to hatchery and nursery operators as well as growers of single seed oysters. In addition, small-grade triploids appeared to be more valuable in terms of potential growth rate than all diploid grades. There was no significant difference in the final percentage triploidy between small and large grade triploids. A large proportion of diploid/triploid mosaicism was detected in adult oysters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00296.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiative and nonradiative rates and deep levels in zinc selenide grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1731-1736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of chlorine-doped epitaxial layers of ZnSe have been grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Measurements have been made of the relative intensity of the blue photoluminescence at room temperature, of the decay time of this emission, and of the concentrations of deep levels determined by photocapacitance techniques. A GaAs buffer layer improves the light emission and decreases the deep-level concentrations. Over the uncompensated donor concentration range 2×1016 to 3×1018 cm−3 the photoluminescence intensity, decay rate, and deep-level concentrations only vary by one order of magnitude. The results are consistent with the room-temperature blue emission resulting in recombination of a free hole with electrons on relatively isolated donors, this radiative recombination competing with a strong nonradiative Hall–Shockley–Read recombination via deep levels in the lower half of the energy gap. The significance of these results for the making of light-emitting diodes and lasers is discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,3-Diethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2aλ4-thia-2,3,4a,8a-tetraazacyclopent[cd]azulene-1(2H),4(3H)-dithione (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 2354-2356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827019500343X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2,3-diphenyl-2aλ4-thia-2,3,4a,8a-tetraazacyclopent[cd]azulene-1[2H],4[3H]-diselone (1996)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 970-973 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195012637
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3,5-Diphenyl-2-(2-pyridylamino)-1-thia-6,6aλ4-diselenapentalene (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 2057-2059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195001119
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Ethylamino-3-p-tolyl-1λ4,2,4-thiaselenazol-1-ylium Bromide: a New Heteroaromatic System (1996)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 1718-1719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195017252
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radial Bone Mineral Density and Estimated Rates of Change in Normal Scottish Women: Assessment by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 126-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. This study examines normative bone mineral density (BMD) data, as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the ultradistal radius, in 332 Scottish women aged 18–90 years, comparing it to a recently reported normal German population. The normative Scottish data were higher in almost all decades compared with German counterpart, percentage differences being +0.002%–+21.6% for total (Qtot), and −0.06%–+31.9% for trabecular (Qtrab) BMD. Differences in calibration of the Stratec XCT-960 and XCT-900 systems are thought to be largely responsible for these differences. Estimated age-related changes were determined in the Scottish population. A cubic regression model best fitted age-related changes in the whole population, and changes as a function of years postmenopause in the postmenopausal subgroup, for Qtot, subcortical (Qscort), and cortical (Qcort) BMD, whereas a parabolic regression model best fitted corresponding changes in Qtrab BMD. Percentage age-related changes (5 years: 10 years postmenopause) in Qtot (−0.79%–1.12%/year) and Qscort (−0.72%–1.12%/year) were greater than Qtrab (−0.53%–0.56%/year) in the early postmenopausal years. Maximum age-related changes were found at 20 years postmenopause for Qtot (−1.36%/year), Qscort (−1.39%/year), and Qcort (−1.39%/year). This study has highlighted variation in normative data derived by different Stratec pQCT systems. The estimated age-related changes suggest that early postmenopausal bone loss preferentially affects subcortical rather than trabecular bone at the radius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900590
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Menstrual History and Use of Medications on Bone Mineral Density: The EVOS Study (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Epidemiology — Osteoporosis — Menopause — Medication use.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We have previously shown considerable between-center variation in bone mineral density (BMD) in the 13 EVOS centers that performed bone densitometry on their sex- and age-stratified population samples, after adjusting for weight and age. We have now investigated whether part of the between-center variability may be attributed to between-center variations in the use of medications. Information was collected from 2088 women and 1908 men at baseline on whether the subjects had ever been prescribed calcium, calcitonin, anabolic steroids, fluoride, vitamin D, or glucocorticoids and, for the women, whether they had ever used the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Each of these variables was fitted into a regression model adjusted for age, height, weight, and center. Only OCP and HRT significantly affected BMD. Those who had ever used OCPs had spinal BMD 0.029 g/cm2 greater than those who had never used them. Users of HRT had higher BMD than nonusers: 0.037 g/cm2 at the spine, 0.018 g/cm2 at the trochanter, and 0.018 g/cm2 at the femoral neck. As expected, there was a great variation between centers in the use of OCP and HRT, but there were no significant correlations between mean BMD at any site in a given center and the prevalence of OCP or HRT use in that center. The between-center variance in BMD at all three sites remained highly significant after adjusting for treatment (P 〈 0.001). We conclude that HRT and OCP use are associated with moderate increases in BMD. The geographical variability of BMD in Europe was not explained by treatment with pharmaceuticals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900525
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population-based geographic variations in dxa bone density in Europe: The evos study (1997)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 7 (1997), S. 175-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Aging ; Bone densitometry ; Epidemiology ; European Spine Phantom ; Geographic variation ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in bone density between 16 European populations, 13 of which were participants in the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS). Men and women aged 50–80 years were recruited randomly from local population registers, stratified in 5-year age bands. The other three centres recruited similarly. Random samples of 20–100% of EVOS subjects were invited for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) densitometry of the lumbar spine and/or proximal femur using Hologic, Lunar or Norland pencil beam machines or, in one centre, a Sopha fan-beam machine. Cross-calibration of the different machines was undertaken using the European Spine Phantom prototype (ESPp). Highly significant differences in mean bone density were demonstrated between centres, giving rise to between-centre SDs in bone density that were about a quarter of a population SD. These differences persisted when centres using Hologic machines and centres using Lunar machines were considered separately. The centres were ranked differently according to whether male or female subjects were being considered and according to site of measurement (L2–4, femoral neck or femoral trochanter). As expected, bone mineral density (BMD) had a curvilinear relationship with age, and apparent rates of decrease slowed as age advanced past 50 years in both sexes. In the spine, not only did male BMD usually appear to increase with age, but there was a highly significant difference between centres in the age effect in both sexes, suggesting a variability in the impact of osteoarthritis between centres. Weight was consistently positively associated with BMD, but the effects of height and armspan were less consistent. Logarithmic transformation was needed to normalize the regressions of BMD on the independent variates, and after transformation, all sites except the femoral neck in females showed significant increases in SD with age. Interestingly, the effect of increasing weight was to decrease dispersion in proximal femur measurements in both sexes, further accentuating the tendency in women for low body mass index to be associated with osteoporosis as defined by densitometry. It is concluded that there are major differences between BMD values in European population samples which, with variations in anthro-pometric variables, have the potential to contribute substantially to variations in rates of osteoporotic fracture risk in Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622286
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light- and temperature-entrained circadian regulation of activity and mRNA accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase in Stellaria longipes (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 199 (1996), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (activity, mRNA) ; Circadian rhythm ; Light ; Stellaria ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stem and leaf tissues of Stellaria longipes Goldie (prairie ecotype) exhibit circadian rhythmicity in the activity and mRNA abundance for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3). The steady-state mRNA levels and enzymatic activity levels fluctuated with a period of approximately 24 h and reached their maxima by the middle of the light phase and minima by the middle of the dark phase. The oscillations showed damping under constant light, constant dark and constant temperature conditions, indicating that the rhythm is entrained by an external signal. The results indicate that light/dark cycles have greater entraining effects than temperature cycles. A 15-min red light pulse, but not a blue light pulse, could reset rhythm in continuous darkness, suggesting the possible role of a red-light signal transduction pathway in the circadian regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195723
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