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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of natural colloids from a river and spring in a karstic basin (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 34 (1998), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Colloids ; Particle size distribution ; Karstic aquifer ; Analytical techniques ; Bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Colloids are known to transport contaminants over long distances in natural media. Despite this potentially harmful effect, very few studies have been undertaken in subsurface aquifers. This paper presents the first results of a study of natural colloids and particles in a karstic aquifer. The site was chosen for its coverage by clay layers and peat which deliver various and numerous particle types in water. The methodological part describes three methods used for size determination and sample fractionation of surface water and spring water. These methods have been adapted for the treatment of multiple samples due to the rapid discharge variation typical of karstic aquifers. The analysis of many particle size distributions (PSD) shows that they can be described by a Pareto law. The variation of the slope of the PSD at the spring is mainly dependent on discharge. This behavior is interpreted as a washing of the karstic drains during the first phase of high flow events. Fractionation of the samples allowed application of various characterization techniques to particle size classes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that most of the mineral particles originated from Quaternary deposits and limestones. However the use of scanning electron micrsocopy with energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) detailed the composition of individual particles and revealed particles not found by XRD. These techniques also showed the high complexity of the natural particles and the important place of coprecipitation in their formation. Consequences on the fluxes of particulate matter and its potential role as a carrier of contaminants are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050277
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-expanding stents in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: experience with nitinol Strecker stents (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 741-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) ; Nitinol Strecker stents ; Metallic stent ; Interventional radiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance and efficacy of a new self-expanding stent (nitinol Strecker stent) in the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. We have successfully placed 64 nitinol Strecker stents in 48 patients. The average portosystemic gradient decreased from 22 to 11 mm Hg. Balloon dilatation was necessary in 12 of 35 angiographically controlled cases at 5 days (34%), because of incomplete stent expansion, small thrombi within the stent or obstruction. At 1–6 months stent malfunctions occurred in 8 of 23 patients who underwent control angiography (34%) and at 6–24 months in 6 of 7 patients (85%). Rebleeding occurred in 2 of 39 patients (follow-up 〉 1 month) (5%) and temporary crises of de novo encephalopathy were observed in 11 of 48 patients (23%). Refractory ascites completely resolved in 4 of 6 patients (66%) and improved in the remaining 2 cases. Compared with other self-expanding stents, nitinol Strecker stents seem to be equally effective in TIPS; no increase in complication rate was observed, either clinical or stent-related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187682
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    US and CT findings of small bowel neoplasms (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 1398-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: CT ; US ; Small bowel neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Small bowel (SB) neoplasms are very rare tumours, but are still associated with high mortality rates, since the tumour-related symptoms occur late and are non-specific. In addition, endoscopy is not feasible in most cases, and radiological contrast studies do not reach the high accuracy obtained in the evaluation of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Cross-sectional imaging, and particularly CT, is becoming increasingly relevant in the diagnosis of these tumours. Both US and CT allow tumour detection, even when performed on an emergency basis, and are capable of showing the lesion as well as possible complications. Moreover, CT offers the possibility of a preoperative staging by evaluating tumour extension through the bowel wall, lymph node involvement and possible metastases. Finally, in most cases a direct correlation between cross-sectional findings and histology can be found, thus permitting tumour characterisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initially migraine-like manifestation of a ruptured spinal arteriovenous malformation (1995)
    USA/Oxford, UK : American Association for the Study of Headache/Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who presented with migraine-like symptoms and was found to have a spinal arteriovenous malformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1995.015003237.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Headache as an occupational illness in the treatise “De morbis artificum diatriba” of Bernardino Ramazzini* (1996)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 16 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The treatise “De morbis artificum diatriba” (Modena, 1700) is considered to be the first text to specifically deal with occupational illnesses. It was also the last for over 150 years. Written by Bernardino Ramazzini (Carpi, 1633-Padua, 1714), a professor at the University of Padua from 1700 to 1714, the book highlights the importance given at the time to headache as an occupational symptom. Among the 69 professions described, accounting for the majority of the occupations of the period, 12 were found to lead to headache as an important symptom caused by work. Ramazzini appears to have paid more attention to this than we do today. Ramazzini's work opens up a wide view on social conditions in the 18th century, as his sensitivity for occupational hazards was exceptional. His remarks on headache are typical of his way of collecting first-hand experience of working conditions, and they underline the importance of occupational hazards in the assessment of headache, today just as in 1710.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1602079.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diverse T-Cell Receptor CDR3 Length Patterns in Human CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes from Newborns and Adults (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 49 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: T cells are essential in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses. Specific interaction between T cells and a presumptive antigen occurs through recognition of an MHC—peptide complex by the T-cell receptor (TCR). The complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3 of the TCR has direct contact with the peptide. Here we describe CDR3 length variability of six different TCRBV gene families of CD4+ and CD8+ umbilical cord (UC) and peripheral blood (PB) T cells. Amplified products spanning the TCR CDR3 regions from CD4+ PB, CD4+ UC and CD8+ UC blood T cells typically displayed Gaussian-like distributions. In contrast, profound and frequent perturbations were recorded in CD8+ PB lymphocytes, with a non-Gaussian pattern in more than half of the samples studied. A substantial portion of the perturbed CD8+ subsets were clonal or oligoclonal, as determined by CDR3-length restriction, TCRBJ gene usage and nucleotide sequencing. This implies that the conditions for shaping and maintenance of the peripheral TCR repertoire are profoundly different for CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00469.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of laccase byBotrytis cinerea and fermentation studies with strain F226 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1996), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: laccase ; Botrytis cinerea ; scaling up ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract After induction, seven strains ofBotrytis cinerea released into the culture broth considerable amounts of laccase in a brief production time. The set-up of a suitable production process was studied with a selected strain in a 10-L fermenter. The optimum fermentation conditions were a 3% inoculum with a high degree of sporulation, a simple medium containing 20 g L−1 of glucose and 2 g L−1 of yeast extract at pH 3.5, 2 g L−1 gallic acid as inducer, added after 2 days of growth, an agitation speed of 300 rpm, an aeration rate of 1.2 vvm and a temperature of 24°C. By optimizing the culture conditions, the enzyme activity reached 28 U ml−1 in 5 days with a specific activity of 560 U mg−1 protein. The best procedure to obtain a suitable crude enzyme preparation was concentration of the supernatant medium to 10% of the initial volume by ultrafiltration, followed by a fractional precipitation with ethanol. The optimum pH and temperature for laccase activity were 5.5 and 40°C, respectively, with syringaldazine as the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570044
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emerging roles for sodium dependent amino acid transport in mesenchymal cells (1996)
    Springer
    Amino acids 11 (1996), S. 117-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Cell volume ; Cell cycle ; Glutamine ; Glutamate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The functional aspects of sodium dependent amino acid transport in mesenchymal cells are the subject of this contribution. In a survey of the cross-talk existing among the various transport mechanisms, particular attention is devoted to the role played by substrates shared by several transport systems, such as L-glutamine. Intracellular levels of glutamine are determined by the activity of System A, the main transducer of ion gradients built on by Na,K-ATPase into neutral amino acid gradients. Changes in the activity of the System are employed to regulate intracellular amino acid pool and, hence, cell volume. System A activity has been found increased in hypertonically shrunken cells and in proliferating cells. Under both these conditions cells have to increase their volume; therefore, System A can be employed as a convenient mechanism to increase cell volume both under hypertonic and isotonic conditions. Although less well characterized, the uptake of anionic amino acids performed by System X− AG may be involved in the maintenance of intracellular amino acid pool under conditions of limited availability of neutral amino acids substrates of System A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00813856
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptosomal glutamate uptake in a model of experimental cerebral ischemia (1995)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 20 (1995), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; synaptosomal uptake ; glutamate transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present investigation we studied the synaptosomal uptake of glutamate in brain omogenate of Mongolian gerbils submitted to bilateral common carotid occlusion, with and without subsequent return of blood flow. The results show that glutamate uptake after ischemia is reduced by about 35% The damage appears to be persistent, since return of blood flow restores uptake only slightly. The membrane alterations occurring in ischemia could explain the persistence of glutamate transporter impairment. Besides the blockade of NMDA receptors, the stimulation and/or the protection of the uptake systems for glutamate could be of help in preventing neuronal ischemic damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00970544
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of symptomatic drug use in migraine without aura (1995)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 16 (1995), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Attack therapy ; Migraine without aura ; Treatment guidelines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Abbiamo esaminato il trattamento farmacologico dell'attacco acuto, usato da 200 pazienti sofferenti di emicrania senza aura (criteri IHS 1988), visitati nel periodo 1989–1991. È stata raccolta una dettagliata analisi farmacologica sulle terapie d'attacco usate dai pazienti nel corso della loro storia cefalalgica precedentemente alla prima visita presso il nostro ambulatorio. Sono state studiate le seguenti variabili: tipo di farmaco usato, dosaggio e via di somministrazione, efficacia del trattamento, frequenza e tipo degli effetti indesiderati; questi parametri sono stati confrontati con le linee guida della Società Italiana per lo Studio delle Cefalee (SISC, 1993). I farmaci più comunemente usati sono gli antiinfiammatori non steroidei; abbiamo osservato un analogo uso delle associazioni, in particolare propifenazone ed acido barbiturico. I pirazolonici propifenazone ed amidopirina, non consigliati nelle linee guida, sono anch'essi largamente usati. Il nostro studio evidenzia il fatto che l'utilizzo corrente dei farmaci differisce in molti aspetti da quello suggerito dalle linee guida.
    Notes: Abstract We assessed the attack drugs taken by 200 migraine without aura patients (International Headache Society criteria, 1988) between 1989 and 1991. A detailed pharmacological history regarding the acute attack therapy adopted up until our initial visit was gathered, including the type of drug used, dosage, administration route, the time of starting therapy, treatment efficacy, and the frequency and types of undesirable effects, all of which were subsequently compared with the guidelines (1993) of the Italian Society for the Study of Headache (SISC). The most commonly used are non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We observed a similar high frequency in the use of combinations, particularly prophyphenazone and barbituric acid. The pirazolones, such as noramidopyrine and prophyphenazone, are also widely used as single agents, even though they are not considered by the guidelines. Our study underlines the fact that current drug use differs in several respects from the guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02229323
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