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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 67 (1995), S. 2619-2624 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 650-655 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The rocking curve of protein crystals contains a lot of useful information concerning crystal quality, most of which is lost owing to the superimposition of spurious features appearing in these fragile materials after growth, during handling and mounting. To minimize such data spoiling, an experimental setup to perform in situ X-ray diffraction experiments during crystal growth has been designed. The setup, which includes video observation to allow the correlation of crystal shape, size and growth rate with X-ray data, has been used to assess the mosaicity of tetragonal lysozyme crystals during crystal growth. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of diffraction peaks collected from these crystals changes during the growth process as a (directly proportional) response to the growth rates and the different development of different domain blocks. These changes in the domain distribution and FWHM with time involve a `zonation' of the crystals, which show very different rocking curves in different parts of their volume. The rocking curves recorded in situ from growing crystals are easier to understand than those from crystals that have suffered even minor handling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper deals with the strategic role of the temporal dimension of contracts in a duopoly market. Is it better for a firm to sign long-term incentive contracts with managers or short-term contracts? For the linear case, with strategic substitutes (complements) in the product market, the incentive variables are also strategic substitutes (complements). It is shown that a long-term contract makes a firm a leader in incentives, while a short-term contract makes it a follower. We find that, under Bertrand competition, in equilibrium one firm signs a long-term contract and the other firm short-term incentive contracts; however, under Cournot competition, the dominant strategy is to sign long-term incentive contracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 106 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In view of the essential role of phenolic compounds in the development of pathogen resistance in plants, and given the influence that fungicides and boron (B) exert over phenolic metabolism, the aim of the present study was to determine the individual effect of the application of a fungicide, as well as to determine the joint effect of the fungicide and B on the metabolism of phenolic compounds in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Tennessee 86). The fungicide applied was carbendazim (carb), a preventative fungicide, with a purity of 100% at a concentration of 2.6 mM. Boron was applied in the form of H3BO3 at: 1.6 mM (B1), 4 mM (B2), 8 mM (B3), 16 mM (B4), 32 mM (B5), or 64 mM (B6). In all, there were eight treatments: one without carb and without B (control), one with only carb, and six combinations of carb with each concentration of B. The results indicated that the foliar application with carb alone led to increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) activity and a foliar accumulation of phenols. This effect of the carb alone could signify an additional tolerance mechanism to pathogenic infection, given the participation of phenolic compounds in the lignification of plant cell walls. The joint application of carb and B increased both the biosynthesis and the oxidation of the phenolic compounds, especially in carb plus B3, while the application of carb plus B5 or carb plus B6 reduced these processes as well as the foliar biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 147 (1999), S. 104-107 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words MPTP ; Levodopa ; Parkinson’s disease ; Memory ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: The ameliorative effects of levodopa (l-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine) on the motor impairment in Parkinson’s disease patients is well established, but characterization of its effects on the associated cognitive deficits is still incomplete. Objective: The present study determined the effect of different doses of levodopa on performance on a test of working memory in MPTP-treated rhesus monkeys, an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Four MPTP-treated monkeys and their age-matched controls with the same experimental history as the MPTP-treated monkeys were tested on a spatial delay response task. Each daily session consisted of five trials at each of seven randomly presented delays (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 s). Training was continued for 5 days in each of five different conditions. In the first condition, control and MPTP-treated animals performed the task without levodopa. In the second condition, both groups were tested with a dose of 100 mg of levodopa. In the third and fourth conditions, in which the doses of levodopa were increased to 250 and 500 mg, respectively, only the MPTP-treated animals were tested. In the final condition, the MPTP-treated animals where retested without levodopa. Results: Significant improvement was observed at all doses tested (range 100–500 mg). Conclusions: Levodopa can ameliorate memory impairments in this parkinsonian model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 26 (1996), S. 278-279 
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Keywords: fatty acid ; GLC ; fatty acid methyl esters ; transesterification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An improved adaptation of the direct transesterification method of Lepage and Roy (J. Lipid Res. 25, 1391–96, 1984) for the preparation of fatty acid methyl esters allows notable saving of time and reagents. The material being analysed is heated for 10 minutes with methanol, acetyl chloride and hexane. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of sexual behavior 28 (1999), S. 335-343 
    ISSN: 1573-2800
    Keywords: HIV/AIDS ; prevention/education ; young gay and bisexual men ; factor analysis ; sexual communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to investigate sexualcommunication and risk-taking behaviors among young menwho have sex with men (MSM). MSM aged 17 to 25 yearswere recruited from four areas throughout California. The construct Safer Sex Communication, assessedthrough principal-components analysis, was defined asperceived efficacy or experience in minimizing the riskof sexual HIV infection through communication with partners. In the 6 months prior to thesurvey, 35.6% of the MSM had participated in unprotectedanal intercourse (UAI). Adjusted logistic regressionanalyses found low Safer Sex Communication to be predictive of UAI. In addition, negativeattitudes toward safe sex, high perceived risk of HIVinfection, 10 or more male sex partners during theprevious 6 months, and use of cocaine in the past 6months were also independently related to UAI. SaferSex Communication skills should be an outcome ofinterventions designed to prevent HIV transmission amongyoung MSM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6628
    Keywords: HIV ; zidovudine ; pregnant ; women ; testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine whether knowledge of zidovudine treatment to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV increases the likelihood of HIV testing among women of childbearing age at increased risk for HIV infection. Method: Data from two samples were analyzed. The Young Women Survey was a population-based, door-to-door survey of 2,545 women aged 18 to 29 years who were living in lower-income neighborhoods. For the Perinatal Survey, women receiving prenatal care or who had delivered within the previous six months (N = 850) were recruited at randomly selected sites. Most (71.2%) of these participants were covered by public payment sources for their prenatal care. Data were collected within California counties with high rates of HIV among newborns, high rates of HIV among female clients of alternative test sites, and high rates of AIDS among female injection drug users. Most participants from both surveys were women of color. Results: Participants who knew about zidovudine therapy for HIV-positive pregnant women were more likely to have had an HIV test, regardless of race/ethnicity, age, education, or number of previous births. The majority of women (79.3%) from both samples stated that they were more likely to take a test for HIV knowing about zidovudine treatment. Conclusions: HIV educators should include information on zidovudine therapy in campaigns designed to promote HIV testing among women. Prenatal care providers should incorporate a brief discussion about the benefits of zidovudine treatment when providing HIV counseling to patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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