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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements in lysozyme protein crystal perfection through microgravity growth (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1099-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Microgravity offers an environment for protein crystallization where there is an absence of convection and sedimentation. We have investigated the effect of microgravity conditions on the perfection of protein crystals. The quality of crystals for X-ray diffraction studies is characterized by a number of factors, namely size, mosaicity and the resolution limit. By using tetragonal lysozyme crystals as a test case we show, with crystal growth in two separate Space Shuttle missions, that the mosaicity is improved by a factor of three to four over earth-grown ground control values. These microgravity-grown protein crystals are then essentially perfect diffraction gratings. As a result the peak to background of individual X-ray diffraction reflections is enhanced by a similar factor to the reduction in the mosaicity. This then offers a particularly important opportunity for improving the measurement of weak reflections such as occur at high diffraction resolution. These microgravity results set a benchmark for all future microgravity and earth-based protein crystallography procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444995012170
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial Improvement of Crystal Quality for Microgravity-Grown Apocrustacyanin C1 (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The protein apocrustacyanin C1 has been crystallized by vapour diffusion in both microgravity (the NASA space shuttle USML-2 mission) and on the ground. Rocking width measurements were made on the crystals at the ESRF Swiss-Norwegian beamline using a high-resolution ψ-circle diffractometer from the University of Karlsruhe. Crystal perfection was then evaluated, from comparison of the reflection rocking curves from a total of five crystals (three grown in microgravity and two earth controls), and by plotting mosaicity versus reflection signal/noise. Comparison was then made with previous measurements of almost `perfect' lysozyme crystals grown aboard IML-2 and Spacehab-I and reported by Snell et al. [Snell, Weisgerber, Helliwell, Weckert, Hölzer & Schroer (1995). Acta Cryst. D51, 1099–1102]. Overall, the best diffraction-quality apocrustacyanin C1 crystal was microgravity grown, but one earth-grown crystal was as good as one of the other microgravity-grown crystals. The remaining two crystals (one from microgravity and one from earth) were poorer than the other three and of fairly equal quality. Crystal movement during growth in microgravity, resulting from the use of vapour-diffusion geometry, may be the cause of not realising the `theoretical' limit of perfect protein crystal quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444996013996
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimitogenic effects of vasodilatory prostaglandins in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (1998)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 93 (1998), S. s054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Key words Smooth muscle cells – proliferation – cyclooxygenase-2 – PGI2– PGE1– iloprost – prostacyclin receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vasodilatory prostaglandins (PGI2, PGE2, PGE1) are known inhibitors of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) after stimulation with mitogenic factors. However, endogenous prostaglandins do not prevent SMC proliferation subsequent to vessel injury in vivo. Since vascular cells produce large amounts of antiproliferative prostaglandins, especially subsequent to COX-2 expression, insufficient vascular PGI2 formation is not likely to explain the failure of endogenous prostaglandins to prevent excessive SMC growth. In this paper we demonstrate a rapid development of tolerance to PGI2 in SMC, resulting in diminished antiproliferative activity. These findings may not only be relevant for the control of SMC growth by endogenously synthesized prostaglandins but also for clinical use of PGI2 mimetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003950050218
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmakologie von Ticlopidin und Clopidogrel im Vergleich zu Acetylsalicylsäure (1997)
    Springer
    Der Internist 38 (1997), S. 1115-1120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Die vorliegende Übersicht diskutiert die prinzipiellen pharmakologischen Wirkmechanismen dieser zwei unterschiedlichen Klassen von Thrombozytenfunktionshemmern (Ticlopidin/Clopidogrel und ASA), einschließlich deren therapeutischer Indikationen, Limitationen und derzeit offenen Fragen bei der Anwendung zur oralen Prävention kardio- und zerebrovaskulärer Ereignisse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050124
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bovine thromboxane A2 receptor: molecular cloning, expression, and functional characterization (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1997), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Thromboxane A2 receptor ; Cloning ; Expression ; Radioligand binding ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study describes the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the bovine thromboxane A2 (TP) receptor. Two partial nucleotide sequences coding for the bovine TP receptor were isolated from a bovine genomic and a bovine heart cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence suggests a heptahelical protein of 343 amino acids. The receptor protein is homologous with that of human placenta and endothelium at 84.0% and 81.4%, respectively. COS-7 cells were transfected with the bovine TP receptor cDNA, and binding affinities were assessed by radioligand binding studies. Specific displacement of [3H]SQ 29548 was demonstrated in COS-7 cell membranes with the unlabeled TP receptor antagonist SQ 29548 (K d = 12.6 ± 1.1 nM) and the TP receptor agonist U46619 (K d = 192.1 ± 58.9 nM), but not with other prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE1, PGF2α), or the PGI2 mimetic cicaprost. Agonist-induced stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in transfected COS-7 cells indicates a linkage to the cAMP signal transduction pathway via coupling to a stimulatory G-protein. Since bovine cells, e.g. vascular smooth muscle cells, are an established model to study the role of eicosanoids in cell signaling, this report on the molecular structure of the bovine TP receptor will allow further studies on receptor regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005132
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a porcine EP3-receptor: cloning, expression and signal transduction (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 358 (1998), S. 160-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words EP3-receptor ; cAMP ; NFκB ; E-box ; SP1 ; AP2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone, encoding a complete porcine EP3 receptor, was isolated from a porcine heart cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a protein of 387 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular weight of 43 kD and strongest homology to the human EP3-II receptor (84% identity on protein level). Ligand binding studies with transfected COS-7 cells, expressing the porcine receptor, showed displacement of [3H]PGE1 with the EP3-specific agonist M & B 28.767, the EP1/EP3-agonist sulprostone but not with the EP2-specific agonist butaprost. Stimulation of transfected CHO cells with M & B 28.767 resulted in inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP formation, suggesting coupling to an inhibitory G protein. Agonist-induced translocation of the transcription factor NFκB into the nucleus of transfected CHO cells was demonstrated by Western blot analysis, indicating that these EP3 receptors modulate NFκB-dependent cellular signal transduction. Analysis of the genomic organization identified the major transcription initiation site at about 160 bp upstream of the ATG start codon. The 800-bp 5’ flanking region contains a variety of putative cis-acting regulatory elements, including binding sites for AP2, SP1 and MyoD (E-box). The present data will now allow further studies on EP3 receptor-mediated signal transduction and its regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005238
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