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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is a histone acetyltransferase (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 389 (1997), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Steroid receptors and coactivator proteins are thought to stimulate gene expression by facilitating the assembly of basal transcription factors into a stable preinitiation complex. What is not clear, however, is how these transcription factors gain access to transcriptionally repressed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/38304
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIETARY FACTORS IN HUMAN COLORECTAL CANCER (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 545-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of mortality in Western societies. The progression of the disease from normal colonic epithelium to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype is accompanied by numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. Compelling experimental and epidemiological evidence indicates that diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of colorectal cancer. A salient case in point is the recent observation that a dietary regimen based on a Western-style diet provokes in the rodent colon the appearance of preneoplastic lesions in the absence of any genotoxic insult. This review mainly describes dietary factors that inhibit the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Much is unknown about the precise mechanisms of action of chemically disparate nutrients and how they interfere with the development and progression of this disease. Current knowledge about this important issue is summarized. We believe that continuing scrutiny and precise assessment of the benefits (and potential risks) of nutrients in the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer will prove significant to controlling this devastating disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.545
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and surface chemistry of oxynitride gate dielectric using nitric oxide (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2882-2884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oxynitride films grown on preoxidized (100) silicon surfaces in a nitric oxide (NO) ambient at 950 °C have been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Compared to N2O oxynitride, NO oxynitride exhibits very different surface chemistry, interface properties, and growth mechanisms. The etch back of NO and N2O oxynitride films allows control of sample thickness for the XPS measurements. NO oxynitride has the interfacial nitrogen (Nint) sharply peaked on the Si substrate side of the interface, while it is broad and on the dielectric side of the interface for the N2O oxynitride. The N(1s) XPS results reveal a clear distinction between N2O oxynitride and NO oxynitride. Near the Si/dielectric interface the NO oxynitride shows primarily Si≡N bonds, while the N2O films showed a N(1s) binding energy peak that is in-between that of Si≡N bonds and Si2=N—O bonds. Furthermore, the NO oxynitride surface roughness as determined by AFM is lower than that of the Si/SiO2 interface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113461
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal agenesis and the absence of enteric neurons in mice lacking GDNF (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 382 (1996), S. 70-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 Generation of GDNF mutant mice, a, Schematic representation of the targeting strategy used to mutate the first (left, GDNF/lacZ mice) or second (right, GDNF/neo mice) coding exons of the mouse GDNF locus. Black boxes represent GDNF coding exons. The bacterial lacZ gene fused in frame to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382070a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic and ultrastructural effects of cyclosporin A on pancreatic islets (1999)
    Springer
    Transplant international 12 (1999), S. 208-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Cyclosporin A ; Langerhans ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of different doses of cyclosporin A (CyA) on glucose and insulin levels, as well as its residual effects on pancreatic islets ultrastructure after discontinuation of the drug. We studied four groups of Wistar rats. One control- (n = 5) and three experimental groups, n = 10 each, were treated with different doses of CyA IM for 14 days: group I, 5 mg/Kg; group II, 15 mg/Kg; and group III, 25 mg/Kg. Five animals of each group were sacrificed after 14 days, and the remaining five after 21 days to assess residual CyA effects. On the day of sacrifice, the rats underwent maltose absorption test, and glucose and insulin levels were measured. Pancreatic biopsies were obtained on day 21 to evaluate islets ultrastructure by electron microscopy. As a result, statistically significant, dose dependent (P 〈 0.05) increases in glucose and insulin levels were observed in CyA-treated groups. Groups II and III showed insulin levels significantly higher after fasting (P 〈 0.05) on day 14 comparing to the controls, while in groups I and II values returned to normal after CyA discontinuation. Group III showed persistently increased insulin levels on day 21. Pancreatic ultrastructural changes were observed only in group III. We can conclude that CyA effects on glucose and insulin levels were temporary and reversible at low doses. Ultrastuctural changes in the pancreatic islets may occur with high doses of CyA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the regulation of expression of the αl(I) collagen gene (COL1A1) in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) (1999)
    Springer
    Springer seminars in immunopathology 21 (1999), S. 397-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary At present, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of collagen genes in normal and pathologic fibroblasts are not known. Thus, the detailed study of transcriptional regulation of COL1A1 in SSc cells will increase our current understanding of the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases. These studies will yield valuable information regarding the important biological process of regulation of collagen gene expression under normal and pathologic conditions, a process that has remained elusive despite intense recent investigations. It is now evident that persistent overproduction of collagen is responsible for the progressive nature of tissue fibrosis in SSc. Up-regulation of collagen gene expression in SSc fibroblasts appears to be a critical event in this process. The coordinate transcriptional activation of numerous collagen genes suggests a fundamental alteration in the regulatory control of gene expression in SSc fibroblasts. Trans-acting nuclear factors which bind to cis-acting elements in enhancer (intronic) and promoter regions of the genes modulate the basal and inducible transcriptional activity of the collagen genes. The identification of the nuclear transcription factors that regulate normal collagen gene expression may provide promising approaches to the therapy of this incurable disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00870302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metrics for cortical map organization and lateralization (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 27-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral lateralization refers to the poorly understood fact that some functions are better controlled by one side of the brain than the other (e.g. handedness, language). Of particular concern here are the asymmetries apparent in cortical topographic maps that can be demonstrated electrophysiologically in mirror-image locations of the cerebral cortex. In spite of great interest in issues surrounding cerebral lateralization, methods for measuring the degree of organization and asymmetry in cortical maps are currently quite limited. In this paper, several measures are developed and used to assess the degree of organization, lateralization, and mirror symmetry in topographic map formation. These measures correct for large constant displacements as well as curving of maps. The behavior of the measures is tested on several topographic maps obtained by self-organization of an initially random artificial neural network model of a bihemispheric brain, and the results are compared with subjective assessments made by humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WGSR catalyzed by cis-[Rh(CO)2(amine)2]PF6 heterogenised on poly(4-vinylpyridine) (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 56 (1998), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: water–gas shift reaction ; rhodium ; poly(4-vinylpyridine) ; carbon monoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes catalytic activation studies of the water–gas shift reaction by cis-[Rh(CO)2(amine)2]PF6 (amine = 4-picoline, 3-picoline, 2-picoline, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine) heterogenised on poly(4-vinylpyridine) in aqueous 2-ethoxyethanol. The effect of varying the nature of the amine was investigated. The rhodium complexes bearing 4-picoline (4-pic) ligands proved to be most active among those surveyed, and displaying turnover frequencies for hydrogen production of 8.9 mol of H2 per mole of Rh per day for 9.4x10-5 mol cis-[Rh(CO)2(4-pic)2]PF6/1.00 g poly(4-vinylpyridine), P(CO) = 0.9 atm at 100°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019042003685
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the antiexudative and antiproliferative activities of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in inflammatory models developed in rats by subcutaneous implantation of bacterial cell walls from the dental plaque (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation 20 (1996), S. 623-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A purified bacterial cell walls suspension from human dental plaque were biochemically prepared to serve as flogogenous agent in producing experimental inflammatory models in rats. In the vascular permeability inhibition assay (edemogenic test), the subcutaneous implantation of the flogogenous agent elicited an acute inflammatory reaction highly susceptible to the effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The intradermal injection of the flogogenous agent in the dorsum of rats developed experimental granulomas also susceptible to the anti-inflammatory effects of the NSAIDs. Otherwise, the antimitotic effect of drugs was carried out in the model of cellular proliferation of duodenal mucosa of rats by incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H TdR) in the DNA. These models of acute and chronic inflammation, and the antimitotic model permitted us to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antimitotic effects of sulindac, ibuprofen, naproxen and glucametacin. In the antiexudative activity, evaluated by the edemogenic test, naproxen was the more effective drug followed by sulindac, ibuprofen and glucametacin (in a decreasing order of potency) to inhibit the exudative response induced by the bacterial cell walls suspension, in all experimental periods. In the chronic anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated by the granuloma inhibition assay, all drugs were capable to demonstrate effectiveness against the development of the experimental granulomas induced by an intradermal injection of the flogogenous agent. In the model of cellular proliferation, all tested drugs demonstrated antimitotic activity in all experimental periods (4, 6 and 8 days), also. Sulindac induced the higher antimitotic effect, in all experimental periods, followed by ibuprofen, naproxen and glucametacin in a decreasing order of efficacy. There was a positive correlation between the antiexudative, anti-proliferative, and antimitotic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01488800
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of above- and below-ground components of Spartina alterniflora (Loisel) and detritus biomass in structuring macrobenthic associations of Paranaguá Bay (SE, Brazil) (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 400 (1999), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: macrofauna ; Spartina alterniflora ; salt marsh ; detritus biomass ; tidal flat ; Paranaguá Bay ; Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of Spartina alterniflora marshes and detritus availability on the spatial structure and time variability of macrobenthic associations was investigated in Paranaguá Bay, a subtropical estuary in southern Brazil. Four sampling sites were established along the salinity and exposure gradient of Paranaguá Bay in the winter and summer of 1992. At each site, 5 samples (0.02 m2corer) were taken in the salt marshes and adjacent unvegetated tidal flats. Sediment composition, salt marsh structure (stem height and density, live and dead above- and below-ground biomass of S. alterniflora) and vegetal detritus biomass were determined to assess whether they can affect the dynamics of macrobenthic invertebrates. The development of salt marshes and the amount of detritus, the latter mainly originated from adjacent mangroves, were determined by the energy and salinity gradients along the bay. Plant above- and below-ground components, together with detritus biomass, exert a strong influence on the composition and distribution of macrofauna in Paranaguá Bay. Salt marshes support higher densities and species number of macrobenthic invertebrates. Multivariate analyses showed that oscillations of different fractions of Spartina alterniflora, as well as detritus availability, affect the different components of macrobenthic associations in a variable degree. Spatial and temporal shifts of infaunal organisms appear to be more evident than those of mobile epibenthic forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003753001411
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