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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 366-372 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) leached with water or treated with chelating agents to remove metal cations, pasteurised to remove any harmful micro-organisms and mixed with peat has potential as a casing material for mushroom production. The microbial and chemical changes in SMS after treatment with citric acid, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and water were compared; treatment with the chelating agents resulted in lower ash content, conductivity and minerals, higher fibre fractions, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The microbial and chemical changes in the materials after treatment with the two chelators and water were compared. Blending peat with the heat-treated materials at a ratio of 1:1 resulted in improved physical properties. The casings prepared from the test materials and the control, consisting of 100% peat, were compared after neutralising with lime for their productivity in a mushroom yield trial. As expected, the compost bags cased with the control were the most productive compared to the other casings. Of the three treated materials, casing prepared from SMS treated with EDTA blended with peat was the most productive. Dry matter of harvested mushrooms from chelated-SMS casings was significantly higher than the control casing. Comparison of the main components of peat and chelated SMS revealed that the major differences were in the proportions of ash, lipid, lignin and fibre fractions. The stability of some of these components, when complexed with metal cations present in lime may play an important role in determining the composition of the cell wall in fruiting bodies leading to high dry matter content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Colonisation assessments confirmed that Trichoderma harzianum biotypes Th1, Th2a, Th2b and Th3 inoculated into two distinct compost types at spawning became established by first flush assessment; the extension rate of two Th2 isolates was over 1000 times that of Th1 and Th3. Results subsequently confirmed that while Th1 and Th3 did not significantly affect yield, Th2 could reduce mushroom quality and productivity by as much as 80%. Analysis of compost type also indicated that the speed and magnitude of T. harzianum colonisation was influenced by key compost characteristics, most notably, moisture, ash content and degree of fermentation. This study has shown that compost parameters which have a positive influence on Agaricus growth and productivity also resulted in increased compost colonisation by T. harzianum. Commercially acceptable yields obtained from uninoculated compost confirmed that production of a high quality, productive substrate does not confer inherent immunity to colonisation by T. harzianum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 752 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 90 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This communication gives an ethnographic account of 200 opium users in selected villages of three Western districts in the desert state of Rajasthan. The region is known for its traditional use of raw opium in the form of amal or doda, due to its climate and difficult living conditions. The ethnographic information suggests that opium use is in many ways integrated into the socio-cultural fabric of the local community. Self-medication with opium mitigates various health problems and the drug is also used to relieve mental distress. Besides these uses for relief of distress, the drug is used recreationally and within settings which facilitate social bonding. The traditional roles ascribed to the use of this intoxicant cannot be dismissed when formulating long-term preventive and control measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 341-346 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of fatigue on the electrical properties of sol-gel derived ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin films have been investigated. At room temperature, the resistivity, breakdown field, dielectric constant (ε), and loss tangent (tan δ) decreases after fatigue while the coercive field increases. Fatigue also influences the dielectric properties of the film at high temperatures. The sharpness and magnitude of the peak in the dielectric constant at the transition temperature decreases after fatigue. The loss tangent of the virgin film showed a peak at the transition temperature while it is absent in the case of the fatigue film. The phenomena are explained in terms of (i) the accumulation of point charge defect, (ii) the pinning of domain wall mobility, and (iii) the space charge layer models of fatigue. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Nitric oxide ; Spinal cord evoked potentials ; Edema ; Cell changes ; p-CPA ; Diazepam ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that nitric oxide is somehow involved in the early bioelectrical disturbances following spinal cord injury in relation to the later pathophysiology of the spinal cord was examined in a rat model of spinal cord trauma. A focal trauma to the rat spinal cord was produced by an incision of the right dorsal horn of the T 10–11 segments under urethane anaesthesia. The spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) were recorded using epidural electrodes placed over the T9 and T12 segments of the cord following supramaximal stimulation of the right tibial and sural nerves in the hind leg. Trauma to the spinal cord significantly attenuated the SCEP amplitude (about 60%) immediately after injury which persisted up to 1h. However, a significant increase in SCEP latency was seen at the end of 5h after trauma. These spinal cord segments exhibited profound upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity, and the development of edema and cell injury. Pretreatment with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor drug p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) or an anxiolytic drug diazepam significantly attenuated the decrease in SCEP amplitude, upregulation of NOS, edema and cell injury. On the other hand, no significant reduction in SCEP amplitude, NOS immunolabelling, edema or cell changes were seen after injury in rats pretreated with L-NAME. These observations suggest that nitric oxide is somehow involved in the early disturbances of SCEP and contribute to the later pathophysiology of spinal cord injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 83-85 
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Neuropathic pain ; Spinal cord ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Neurodegeneration ; L-NAME
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility nitric oxide (NO) is involved the neurodegenrative mechanisms in the spinal cord following a chronic peripheral nerve lesion was examined using NOS immunohistochemistry. Spinal nerve lesion at L-5 and L-6 level was produced according to the Chung model, a model of neuropathic pain and rats were allowed to survive for 8 weeks. In one group of animals L-NAME was given intraperitoneally (1-2 mg/kg, i.p. daily) for 6 weeks. Sham operated rats, in which the spinal nerve was exposed but not ligated, served as controls. Ligation of spinal nerves in rats resulted in an upregulation of NOS which was most pronounced in the ipsilateral gray matter of the spinal cord compared to the contralateral side. In these rats, ultrastructural investigations showed distorted neurons, membrane disruption and myelin vesiculation. Sham operated rats did not show either NOS upregulation or structural changes in the spinal cord. Pretreatment with L-NAME significantly reduced NOS upregulation and the structural changes in the spinal cord were less pronounced. These observations strongly indicate a putative role of NOS in the pathophysiology of chronic nerve lesion. Our results may provide a new strategy to treat chronic neuropathic pain or to minimise neurodegeneration in the patients suffering from such diseases of the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Heat stress ; Nitric oxide ; Cell injury ; Antioxidant ; H-290/51Blood-brain barrier ; Brain edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathophysiology of brain injury caused by heat stress (HS) was examined using neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry in a rat model. In addition, to find out a role of oxidative stress in NOS upregulation and cell injury, the effect of a new antioxidant compound H-290/51 (Astra Hässle, Mälndal, Sweden) was examined in this model. Subjection of conscious young rats to 4 h HS in a biological oxygen demand (BOD) incubator at 38°C resulted in a marked upregulation of NOS in many brain regions compared to control rats kept at room temperature (21 ± 1°C. This NOS immunoreactivity was found mainly in distorted neurons located in the edematous regions not normally showing NOS activity. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, increase in brain water content and marked neuronal, glial and myelin reaction were common findings in several brain regions exhibiting upregulation of NOS activity. Pretreatment with H-290/51 significantly attenuated the upregulation of NOS in rats subjected to HS. In these animals breakdown of the BBB permeability, edema and cell changes were considerably reduced. Our results suggest that hyperthermic brain injury is associated with a marked upregulation of NOS activity in the CNS and this upregulation of NOS and concomitant cell injury can be reduced by prior treatment with an antioxidant compound H 290/51. These observations indicate that oxidative stress seems to be an important endogenous signals for NOS upregulation and cell reaction in hyperthermic brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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