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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional extraocular motoneuron innervation in the rhesus monkey I: Muscle rotation axes and on-directions during fixation (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 126 (1999), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Extraocular muscle ; Extraocular motoneuron ; Position coding ; Three-dimension ; On-direction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The rotation axis for each of the six extraocular muscles was determined in four eyes from three perfused rhesus monkeys. Measurements of the locations of muscle insertions and origins were made in the stereotaxic reference frame with the x-y plane horizontal and the x-z plane sagittal. The computed rotation axes of the horizontal recti were close to being in the x-z plane at an angle of about 15° to the z axis. The rotation axes of the vertical recti and the obliques were close to being in the x-y plane at an angle of about 30° to the y axis. In five alert rhesus monkeys, we simultaneously recorded extraocular motoneuron activity and eye position in three dimensions (3D). The activity of 51 motoneuron axons was obtained from the oculomotor (n=34), trochlear (n=11), and abducens nerve (n=6) during spontaneous eye movements. To extend the torsional range of eye position, the animals were also put in different static roll positions, which induced ocular counterroll without dynamic vestibular stimulation. Periods of 100 ms during fixation or slow eye movements (〈10°/s) were chosen for analysis. For each motoneuron, a multiple linear regression was performed between firing frequency and 3D eye position, expressed as a rotation vector, in both stereotaxic and Listing’s reference frame. The direction with the highest correlation coefficient (average R=0.94±0.07 SD) was taken as the on-direction. Each unit’s activity could be unequivocally attributed to one particular muscle. On-directions for each motoneuron were confined to a well-defined cone in 3D. Average on-directions of motoneurons differed significantly from the corresponding anatomically determined muscle rotation axes expressed in the stereotaxic reference frame (range of deviations: 11.9° to 29.0°). This difference was most pronounced for the vertical recti and oblique muscles. The muscle rotation axes of the vertical rectus pair and the oblique muscle pair form an angle of 58.3°, whereas the corresponding angle for paired motoneuron on-directions was 105.6°. On-directions of motoneurons were better aligned with the on-directions of semicircular canal afferents (range of deviation: 9.4–18.9°) or with the anatomically determined sensitivity vectors of the semicircular canals (range of deviation: 3.9–15.9°) than with the anatomically determined muscle rotation axes, but significant differences remain to be explained. The on-directions of motoneurons were arranged symmetrically to Listing’s plane, in the sense that the torsional components for antagonistically paired muscles were almost equal, but of opposite sign. Thus, the torsional components of motoneuron on-directions cancel when eye movements are confined to Listing’s plane. This arrangement simplifies the neuronal transformations for conjugate head-fixed voluntary eye movements, while the approximate alignment with the semicircular canal reference frame is optimal for generating compensatory eye movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050728
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease in the neonatal period: an increasing problem? (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 563-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key wordsStreptococcus ; pneumoniae ; Newborn ; Meningitis ; Septicaemia ; Pneumonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A series of 11 cases of invasive infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, occurring over an 11-year period, is reported. Eight of the 11 cases occurred during the final 2 years of the study suggesting that the incidence of infection may be increasing. Infection carries a high mortality (3/11). Morbidity includes meningitis, convulsions and respiratory failure. In one case S. pneumoniae meningitis occurred in both mother and newborn. Most mothers who carried the organism were asymptomatic at the time of delivery. Conclusion S. pneumoniae should be specifically sought in swabs taken from the pregnant mother and newborn and if isolated, even in the absence of symptoms, antibiotic therapy against the organism should be strongly considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074835
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and corticotrophin- releasing hormone binding protein in normal and pre-eclamptic human pregnancies (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 102 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To measure the plasma levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone and corticotrophin-releasing hormone binding protein in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia.Setting John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and St Thomas's Hospital, London.Subjects One hundred and twenty pregnant women sampled prospectively throughout gestation, of whom 91 experienced a normal pregnancy and eight developed pre-eclampsia; in a second study, 10 women with severe pre-eclampsia, presenting at a range of gestational ages, were sampled once and compared with appropriately matched normal pregnant women.Main outcome measure Plasma levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone determined by immunoradiometric assay. Plasma levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone binding protein measured by direct radioimmunoassay.Results In the prospective study, plasma samples from women with pre-eclampsia exhibited higher (390.2 versus 292.7 pmol/l at 36 weeks) levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone and significantly lower (5.24 versus 8.14 nmol/l at 36 weeks, P 0.002) levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone binding protein than normal controls. In the second, single time point study a significant elevation in CRH (P 〈 0.002) and reduction in CRH-BP (P 〈 0.001) was found in pre-eclamptic pregnancies compared with controls.Conclusions In human pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia there is an elevated level of corticotrophin releasing hormone whilst there is less corticotrophin-releasing hormone binding protein; therefore there is a net increase in free potentially bioactive hormone which may play a role in the pathology of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09063.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction in humidity as a method of controlling mites and mite allergens: the use of mechanical ventilation in British domestic dwellings (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Low humidity is an important limiting factor for mite population growth. Reducing humidity can therefore be used as a method to control mites within the home.Objective Ihis study investigated the effect of mechanical ventilation heat recovery (MVHR) units on house dust mites and mite allergen Der p I in typical homes in the North-West of England.Methods Mite counts and Der p 1 levels were measured at 3-monthly intervals over a period of 1 year in 18 houses (nine with MVHR units and nine architecturally matched control houses). Paired dust samples were collected using a vacuum cleaner with an air-flow rate 451/sec, adapted to collect the sample onto a preweighed filter paper. A 1 m2 area of bedroom carpet, living room carpet and mattress was sampled for 2min. Indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH) levels were recorded for a period of 1 week before and after the winter period (November and February: 3 and 6 months data sets). The environmental questionnaire was completed at the beginning and at the end of the study.Results No difference in either Der p 1 concentrations or mite counts in any of the sampling sites at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months as compared with the baseline values was found, both within and between the groups (P 〉 0.1). The measured levels of RH performed in autumn and winter were found to be lower in the MVHR houses compared to the architectural controls. The indoor temperature during each period did not differ between the groups. Questionnaire data showed that the severity of condensation improved in the MVHR homes, whilst during the winter period, the severity of condensation had increased in the architectural control group.Conclusions The MVHR unit does not reduce indoor humidity to levels capable of retarding mite population growth and decreasing mile allergens in the type of houses predominantly found in the mild and humid climate of the North-West of England.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00643.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High power radio frequency generation by relativistic beams in dielectric structures (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 663-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the interaction of a high current electron beam with dielectric loaded waveguides as a source of electromagnetic radiation. A unique high current photoinjector-based electron linac was used to generate the drive beam for these experiments, and the fields generated were diagnosed using a trailing probe (witness) beam from a second photocathode gun. Traveling wave dielectric structures with luminal (vphase=c) frequencies of 15 and 20 GHz were used. The radio frequency power levels generated in these initial experiments were very large—up to 11 MW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368119
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of minority carrier trapping in n-type doped ZnSe using photoluminescence decay measurements (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 61-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Temperature dependent photoluminescence decay measurements have been used to study the minority carrier dynamics in iodine-doped ZnSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The existence of three deep acceptor levels with energies at 80, 120, and 350 meV above the valence band has been established. The 80 and 120 meV levels have a density dependence directly related to the iodine doping density whilst the level at 350 meV does not. Significant broadband donor–acceptor emission is observed from this material and appears to be associated with the acceptor level at 350 meV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115493
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AusRivAS: using macroinvertebrates to assess ecological condition of rivers in Western Australia (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. AusRivAS (Australian River Assessment Scheme) models were developed, using macroinvertebrates as indicators, to assess the ecological condition of rivers in Western Australia as part of an Australia-wide program. The models were based on data from 188 minimally disturbed reference sites and are similar to RIVPACS models used in Britain. The major habitats in the rivers (macrophyte, channel) were sampled separately and macroinvertebrates collected were identified to family level.2. Laboratory sorting of preserved macroinvertebrate samples recovered about 90% of families present when 150 animals were collected, whereas live picking in the field recovered only 76%.3. Reference sites clustered into five groups on the basis of macroinvertebrate families present. Using seven physical variables, a discriminant function allocated 73% of sites to the correct classification group. A discriminant function based on seven physical and two chemical variables allocated 81% of sites to the correct group. However, when the same reference sites were re-sampled the following year, the nine variable discriminant function misallocated more sites than the seven variable function, owing to annual fluctuations in water chemistry that were not accompanied by changes in fauna.4. In preliminary testing, the wet season channel model correctly assessed 80% of reference sites as undisturbed in the year subsequent to model building (10% of sites were expected to rate as disturbed because the 10th percentile was used as the threshold for disturbance). Nine sites from an independent data set, all thought to be disturbed, were assessed as such by the model. Results from twenty test sites, chosen because they represented a wide range of ecological condition, were less clear-cut. In its current state the model reliably distinguishes undisturbed and severely disturbed sites. Subtle impacts are either detected inconsistently or do not affect ecological condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00430.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of chronic urticaria on the quality of life (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 136 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The impact of chronic urticaria (CU) on the quality of life is undocumented. We assessed quality of life in patients with CU, including patients with associated delayed pressure urticaria (DPU). One hundred and forty–two out–patients completed self–administered questionnaires: a disease–specific, purpose designed questionnaire, and the Nottingham health profile (NHP). Many patients reported problems attributable to their skin condition in facets of everyday life including home management, personal care, recreation and social interaction, mobility, emotional factors, sleep, rest and work. The NHP part I scores showed restriction in the areas of mobility, sleep, energy, and demonstrated pain, social isolation and altered emotional reactions. Part II of the NHP showed that patients experienced difficulties in relation to work, looking after the home, social life, home relationships, sex life, hobbies and holidays. The patients with DPU had significantly more problems with mobility, gardening and choice of clothing than the uncomplicated CU patients. They also suffered more pain, had more problems with work and were more restricted in their hobbies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1168.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermatology quality of life scales –a measure of the impact of skin diseases (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 136 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Patient–generated dermatology quality of life scales (DQOLS) were developed to assess the impact of skin conditions on patients' psychosocial state and everyday activities. The items were derived from the self–reported impacts of their skin condition by 50 dermatology out–patients. The resulting 17 psychosocial items and 12 activities items were assigned five–point scales and self–completed by 118 out–patients. Factor analyses grouped the items into four psychosocial subscales (embarrassment, despair, irritableness, distress) and four activities subscales (everyday, summer, social, sexual). Tests of the psychometric properties indicated that the internal consistency of responses was high, with Cronbach's α coefficients of 0.92 for the 17 psychosocial items and 0.83 for the 12 activity items. Assessment of reliability based on 41 psoriasis patients attending phototherapy treatment identified good short–term test–retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.84 for both the psychosocial and activities scales. Construct validity was confirmed by the ability of the scales to identify clinically expected differences and their greater sensitivity to the impacts of skin problems compared with a widely used generic health status measure. The DQOLS thus form a robust measure of patient–perceived impacts. They were quickly self–completed and provide information that complements traditional clinical indicators. These scales should assist in informing treatment decisions by identifying impacts of different skin conditions and variations in responses among social and cultural groups, as well as guiding priorities for services within the specialty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1169.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) cultured on previously used titanium surfaces (1996)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study compared osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis on new and used titanium (Ti) disks to test the hypothesis that cleaning and resterilization of previously used Ti disks does not alter cell response to a particular surface. Ti disks of varying roughness were prepared by one of five different treatment regimens. Standard tissue culture plastic was used as a control. Human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) were cultured on the Ti disks and cell proliferation, cell differentiation, RNA synthesis and matrix production (collagen and noncollagen protein; proteoglycans) measured. After their first use, the disks were cleaned, re-sterilized by autoclaving. and MG63 cells cultured on them as before. At confluence, the same parameters were measured and cell behaviour on new and used disks compared. When confluent cultures of cells on plastic were compared to those cultured on new Ti surfaces, cell number was reduced on the roughest surfaces and equivalent to plastic on the other surfaces. Cell number was further reduced when disks with the roughest surfaces were re-used; no differences in cell number could be discerned after cleaning and re-sterilization. Cell proliferation was inversely related to surface roughness and was less than seen on tissue culture plastic. Re-use of the Ti disks resulted in no change in cell proliferation rate. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity in isolated cells was lowest on the rougher surfaces; no differences between new and used disks were observed. Similarly, enzyme activity in the cell layer was decreased in cultures grown on rougher surfaces, with no effect of prior disk use being noted. RNA synthesis was decreased with respect to plastic in cultures on smoother surfaces and increased on rougher surfaces; prior disk use did not alter RNA synthesis. Collagen production by the cells was decreased on smoother surfaces, but was comparable to tissue culture plastic when grown on rougher surfaces. Non-collagen protein production was unaffected by culture surface and whether or not the disk had been previously used. Proteoglycan synthesis by cells was decreased on all surfaces studied and comparable on both new and used disks. The results of this study indicate that Ti implant surfaces are unaffected by cleaning and resterilization, although rougher surfaces may require more extensive cleaning than smoother ones. This suggests the possibility that implants, in the same patient, could be safely reused. In vivo studies in animals, however, need to be performed before clinical application can be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1996.070104.x
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