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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 23 (1998), S. 1125-1132 
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Human brain capillary endothelium ; endothelin-1 ; K+ efflux ; K+ uptake ; Ca2+ uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes K+ efflux, K+ and Ca2+ uptake responses to endothelins (ET-1 and ET-3) in cultured endothelium derived from capillaries of human brain (HBEC). ET-1 dose dependently increased K+ efflux, K+ and Ca2+ uptake in these cells. ET-1 stimulated K+ efflux occurred prior to that of K+ uptake. ET-3 was ineffective. The main contributor to the ET-1 induced K+ uptake was ouabain but not bumetanide-sensitive (Na+-K+-ATPase and Na+-K+-Cl− cotransport activity, respectively). All tested paradigms of ET-1 effects in HBEC were inhibited by selective antagonist of ETA but not ETB receptors and inhibitors of phospholipase C and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) decreased whereas inhibition of PKC increased the ET-1 stimulated K+ efflux, K+ and Ca2+ uptake in HBEC. The results indicate that ET-1 affects the HBEC ionic transport systems through activation of ETA receptors linked to PLC and modulated by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and PKC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stickoxid – Endothelin – Gehirn – Ischämie –Ödem ; Key words Nitric oxide – endothelin-1 – ischemia – brain – edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary These studies were performed in an attempt to clarify some of the pathophysiologic mechanisms which occur during and after global ischemia. Both nitric oxide and endothelin were demonstrated in gerbils to participate in responses to ischemia. It was shown that endogenous nitric oxide influences early postischemic reperfusion, systemic blood pressure and postischemic dopamine metabolism. Furthermore, the results indicated that nitric oxide played a role in dopamine release and that preischemic intracerebral nitric oxide formation significantly decreased ischemic dopamine release. In addition, ischemic release of endothelin-1 was detected; participation of nitric oxide in this release was observed. Further indication of functional interactions between nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in postischemic reperfusion were indicated by observations that endothelin-1 antagonists inhibited early hypoperfusion caused by Nitro-L-arginin and late hypoperfusion caused by endogenous endothelin-1. Nitric oxide was shown to decrease edema formation during the early postischemic period but contribute to edema formation during the late postischemic period. The findings indicate the importance of nitric oxide in stroke and ischemia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diese Untersuchungen sollten zur Klärung verschiedener pathophysiologischer Mechanismen während und nach Ischämie beitragen und demonstrierten im Tiermodell (Gerbil) eine Beteiligung von sowohl Stickoxid als auch Endothelin beim ischämischen Geschehen. Es wurde nachgewiesen, daß endogenes Stickoxid die Phase der frühen postischämischen Reperfusion, den systemischen Blutdruck und den postischämischen Dopaminstoffwechsel beeinflußt, auch bei der Dopaminfreisetzung eine Rolle spielt, und eine intrazerebrale präischämische Stickoxidbildung die ischämische Dopaminfreisetzung stark vermindert. Zusätzlich konnte eine ischämische Endothelinfreisetzung sowie eine Einflußnahme von Stickoxid nachgewiesen werden. Als weiterer Hinweis auf eine funktionelle Interaktion zwischen Stickoxid und Endothelin bei der postischämischen Reperfusion konnte demonstriert werden, daß Endothelinantagonisten sowohl die frühe, durch Nitro-L-Arginin, wie auch die späte, durch endogenes Endothelin verursachte, postischämische Hypoperfusion verhindern. Beim postischämischen Gehirnödem vermindert Stickoxid anfänglich die Ödembildung, trägt jedoch in weiterer Folge zur Entwicklung des Gehirnödems bei. Die beschriebenen Untersuchungen weisen auf die Bedeutung von Stickoxid bei Schlaganfall und Ischämie hin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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