Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of histamine-induced capillary protein leakage and hypovolaemia by determination of indocyanine green and glucose dilution method in dogs (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 304-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Histamine ; Protein permeability ; Measurements technique ; Indocyanine green ; Glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The plasma volume of histamine-induced protein capillary leakage may be overestimated when this is determined using the indocyanine green (ICG) dilution method (Vd-ICG), since this dye binds to plasma proteins. The initial distribution volume of glucose (IDVG) has been shown to indicate the central extracellular fluid volume including plasma. Accordingly, the overestimation would be detected by a higher Vd-ICG/IDVG ratio. Our study was intended to examine whether the simultaneous measurement of these two variables can evaluate histamine-induced protein leakage and associated hypovolaemia. Design: Prospective animal study. Setting: Institutional animal research laboratory. Subjects: Twenty-four anaesthetized and ventilated mongrel dogs. Interventions: Anaesthetized animals were mechanically ventilated and received infusions of normal saline (n = 8), histamine 50 μg/kg per h (n = 8), or histamine 100 μg/kg per h. The Vd-ICG and IDVG were calculated using a one-compartment model by simultaneous administration of ICG 0.5 mg/kg, and glucose 100 mg/kg followed by serial arterial blood sampling. Measurements and results: In both histamine groups, a significant elevation of haematocrit and a decrease of plasma albumin concentration were found (p 〈 0.05). Although the IDVG decreased following histamine administration (p 〈 0.05), the Vd-ICG remained unchanged. The Vd-ICG/IDVG ratio increased in a dose-dependent manner after histamine administration (p 〈 0.05), but remained unchanged following normal saline administration. Conclusion: The results suggest that the Vd-ICG/IDVG ratio and the IDVG are useful in evaluating the magnitude of the leakage and hypovolaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050840
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of a new alkaline serine protease (M-protease) from Bacillus sp. KSM-K16 (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An alkaline serine protease, M-protease, from Bacillus sp. KSM-K16 has been crystallized. Two morphologically different crystal forms were obtained. Crystal data of form 1: space group P212121, a = 47.3, b = 62.5, c = 75.6 Å, V = 2.23 × 105 Å3, Z = 4 and Vm = 2.09 Å3 Da−1. Crystal data of form 2: space group P212121, a = 75.82 (2), b = 57.79 (2), c = 54.19 (1) Å, V = 2.29 (2) × 105 Å3, Z = 4 and Vm = 2.15 Å3 Da−1. The crystal structure of M-protease in form 2 has been solved by molecular replacement using the atomic model of subtilisin Carlsberg (SBC) which is 60% homologous with M-protease, and refined to the crystallographic R-factor of 0.189 for 7004 reflections with Fo/σ(F) 〉 3 between 7 and 2.4 Å resolution. The final model of M-protease contains 1882 protein atoms, two calcium ions and 44 water molecules. The three-dimensional structure of M-protease is essentially similar to other subtilisins of known structure. The 269 Cα positions of M-protease have an r.m.s. difference of 1.06 Å with the corresponding positions of SBC. The crystal data of form 2 are close to those of SBC, though the structure determination of form 2 made it clear that it is not isomorphous to the crystal structure of SBC. The deletions of amino acids occur at the residues 36′ and 160′–163′ compared with SBC (numerals with primes show the numbering for SBC). The deletion of the four residues (160′–163′) may significantly affect the lack of isomorphism between M-protease and SBC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444994009960
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hysteretic behavior and irreversibility of polymer gels by pH change (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 4706-4710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Swelling equilibrium has been studied on N-isopropylacrylamide gel which is randomly but slightly incorporated both by trisodium salt of copper chlorophyllin and by sodium acrylate. An ionic gel with both hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding was found here to display hysteretic behavior in swelling degree with an interesting nature when the pH is cycled between 7 and 12. In the shrinking transition to the collapsed state observed during pH decrease, there are two different processes characterized by the first order phase transitions with different pHs (7.3 and 7.6). These could be selected whether or not the pH had been increased beyond the threshold (pH=9). Namely, in the larger pH region beyond the threshold, the gel can reswell larger than the first swollen state which appeared directly from the collapsed phase. The hysteretic behavior as well as the irreversibility observed in higher pH region than the threshold was attributed to the screening effect on the ionic groups in the gels because of excess Na+ ions from NaOH that is introduced for increasing the solvent pH. A simple theoretical model is presented to qualitatively explain the phenomena on the basis of the Landau theory. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470608
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shrinking pattern and phase transition velocity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 360-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the shrinking phase transition of cylindrical poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels with submillimeter diameter. The macroscopic conformation change and the phase transition velocity were obtained during the heating process by two different methods. One is a continuous heating process with a constant temperature drift rate, and the other is an isothermal process after a steplike temperature increase beyond the transition point. In the former measurement, the phase transition can be controlled by the nucleation mechanism in the smaller temperature drift rates; at the transition point, after the fine pattern appears and disappears on the surface, for instance, the gel gradually and uniformly shrinks while keeping a smooth surface. On the other hand, at the larger temperature drift rates, the phase transition comes into the unstable region before being completed; after the fine pattern disappears, a coarse pattern appears on the surface, and the entire gel becomes opaque. The gel gradually becomes transparent with time from the surface layer to the core portion. These two processes, characterized by two types of surface pattern as well as the growth of a collapsed surface skin layer, can be clearly observed in the latter measurements, which depend on the degree of super-heating (how far the final temperature is from the transition point). The results are discussed qualitatively on the basis of the classical phase separation model of nucleation and spinodal decomposition, as well as the phase diagram of the present gel system. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479278
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical switching in polymer gels (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Soft materials have long been sought after for use in devices such as actuators, artificial muscles, separators, switches, sensors, memories, and so forth. We developed a soft, optically transparent material using polymer gels that can not only be activated by visible light (switched on) but also deactivated (switched off) by altering the local environment using three different means: pH, temperature, and light. This copolymer gel is a covalently cross-linked network of N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium acrylate, and a chromophore, which is found to undergo phase transitions exhibiting large hysteresis in the degree of swelling in response to pH, temperature, and light. In each system, between the transitions for swelling and shrinking, the gel can show either a swollen or a collapsed state, which can be selected according to the history of the variables. It has been established that a thermoresponsive gel with chromophore exhibits a local volume phase transition upon illumination with visible light. By making use of this phenomenon, we have successfully controlled the phase in which a gel exists with visible light: Without light illumination the gel stays in the swollen state. Upon illumination beyond a threshold intensity, however, a volume transition is locally induced, thereby forming a material in which both phases coexist stably for at least several hours after the light source has been removed. The phenomenological stability of the material in the coexistence state is discussed on the basis of the Landau theory. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362768
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase coexistence of neutral polymer gels under mechanical constraint (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 2289-2296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the equilibrium diameter of cylindrical poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPA) gels with submillimeter diameters under a mechanical constraint along the uniaxial direction. The linear swelling curve, diameter vs temperature, was obtained in the vicinity of the volume phase transition temperature under isometric constraint: both ends of the gel were fixed at rest (stress was zero) in a swollen state at 30 °C (a few degrees below the transition temperature). Thereafter, the temperature was gradually changed by keeping the uniaxial length constant (to the fixed length). It was demonstrated that the gel could take a coexistent state at the transition point and remain stable for several days. This time was much longer than the characteristic relaxation time of the phase transition in this tiny gel. The phase coexistence observed here was caused by stress inhomogeneity along the uniaxial direction due to the mechanical constraint. A collapsed to swollen phase transition induced by uniaxial stress at a fixed temperature was also presented. It was shown that the ratio of the swollen portion to the total length could be controlled by the degree of elongation: when the elongation was slightly increased or decreased, the phase boundary between the swollen and collapsed phases was accordingly shifted to increase or decrease the swollen state, respectively. The ratio of the swollen to the collapsed phase in the case of stress-induced coexistence is discussed herein in terms of a phase diagram (diameter vs elongation), and a simple phase selection rule is presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477882
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase transition in strongly stretched polymer gels (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 5179-5185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We will present the volume phase transition of cylindrical poly N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) gels under large distortion along the uniaxial direction. The neutral and slightly ionized NIPA gels were synthesized in submillimeter diameter. The gel was stretched along the uniaxial direction with the longitudinal deformation ratio, α(parallel) (the ratio of the stretched length to the equilibrium length in the swollen state at 30 °C). By keeping the longitudinal length constant, we have simultaneously measured the equilibrium diameter and the force as functions of temperature. The swelling curves of the neutral NIPA gels including the volume phase transition temperature were obtained for several deformations in the range between α(parallel)=1 and α(parallel)=6. With increasing α(parallel), the transition temperature increased up to 1 °C in the small deformation below α(parallel)∼3.5, and it saturated and slightly decreased in the large α(parallel) above α(parallel)∼4. At the transition temperature on heating, the force to keep the length constant increased discontinuously in the smaller region below α(parallel)∼3.5. The magnitude of this steplike change in the force began to decrease in the vicinity of α(parallel)∼3.5, and hereafter exhibited negative change above α(parallel)∼4. In the case of the slightly ionized NIPA gels, these effects came into play at an earlier stage, that is, at smaller α(parallel), because of the prestretching due to the ionic pressure. The present observations, especially for the strong deformation above α(parallel)∼4, were discussed by the equation of states of strongly stretched hydrophobic gels on the basis of the extended Flory-type free energy taken into account the non-Gaussian effect. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474880
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of polymer gel surfaces by atomic force microscopy (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 1751-1757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report here, for the first time, the direct observation of the submicron structure of gel surfaces in water by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). We present also its change in response to external stimuli; we investigated, among the variables that affect the topography of the gel surface, the effect of the network density of poly(acrylamide) gels and the effect of the temperature change of poly N-isopropylacrylamide gels. Gels were prepared with disklike shape of thickness ranging from 10 to 50 μm, and one of the gel surfaces was chemically adhered onto a glass plate. Spongelike domains of submicrometer scale were found here on the gel surfaces, which was strongly affected by the cross-linking density (nature of the gel network) as well as the osmotic pressure (environmental condition), and also thickness (condition of constraint). The qualitative properties of the surface microscopic structure of gels are discussed in relation to a hypothetical model of two-dimensional gels based on the Flory–Huggins theory. These results disclose that the surface microstructures of polymer gels in solvent as well as the nanometer scale structural changes are associated with the gel phase transition. Moreover, they indicate that the potential for a new technology to control the domain size of the gel surface as well as its function by external stimuli could emerge, which would find a variety of applications in many fields, such as engineering, medicine, and biology. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470760
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TISSUE VARIATION OF ACUTE HAEMODYNAMIC CHANGES BY NG-NITRO-L-ARGININE IN STROKE-PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE AND WISTAR-KYOTO RATS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The acute effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the haemodynamics in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were investigated using radiolabeled microspheres.2. Intravenous administration of 3 and 6 mg/kg NG-nitro-L -arginine (l.-NNA) caused a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in blood pressure in both SHRSP and WKY rats.3. Significant decreases in regional blood flow (RBF) in the lung, muscle and stomach of WKY rats were observed following L-NNA administration.4. NG-nitro-L -arginine produced a 70% increase in brain regional blood flow at a dose of 6 mg/kg only in SHRSP.5. There was a variation in the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in different tissues.6. It is concluded that hypertension in SHRSP augments NO-mediated vasodilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01815.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DOPAMINE-INDUCED RELAXATION IN ISOLATED INTRARENAL ARTERIES FROM ADULT STROKE-PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The relaxant effects of dopamine (DA) on the intrarenal arteries obtained from 6 month old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were pharmacologically investigated in vitro.2. DA (10−7−3 × 10−5 mol/L) produced endothelium-independent relaxation on the arterial rings which had been incubated with phenoxybenzamine (2 × 10−6 mol/L) and precontracted with KCI.3. DA-induced relaxation was greater in the arterial rings from SHRSP than in those from WKY. SKF 38393 (10−8−10−6 mol/L) partially mimicked DA-produced relaxation in both groups. SCH 23390 dose-dependently inhibited DA-induced relaxation with pD′2 value of 9.33 for SHRSP and of 9.26 for WKY.4. There were no significant differences between SHRSP and WKY in the relaxation caused by forskolin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine.5. These results suggested that DA1 receptor-mediated relaxation was increased in the intrarenal arteries from SHRSP, and this increase might not be associated with altered vasodilation mediated by cyclic AMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02985.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...