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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 239-241 (Nov. 1996), p. 485-488 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 10 (1997), S. 276-282 
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: plastic deformation ; thermoplastic effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper proposes a new experimental method of quantitative plastic deformation analysis by means of the thermoplastic effect. The incremental plastic strain distribution for a single shear specimen was obtained by using this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 699-701 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Through temperature-dependent conductivity measurements, we show evidence of a deep trap level in low-temperature (LT) Al0.3Ga0.7As layers with an activation energy of ∼0.96 eV. This energy is near that of EL2-like defects found previously in "normal'' epitaxial Al0.3Ga0.7As. It is also considerably larger than the 0.70 eV value typically associated with defects in LT GaAs, which may explain the observed large resistivity ((approximately-greater-than)1011 Ω cm) in LT Al0.3Ga0.7As. Current transient spectroscopy (CTS) of these samples yields a deep level activation energy of 1.01 eV, in close agreement with the value obtained from conductivity measurements. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1962-1964 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 341-343 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Transgenic maintainer line ; cryIA(b) gene ; Insect resistant ; Hybrid rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Heterosis has helped to increase rice yield in F1 hybrids by 15–20% beyond the level of inbred semidwarf varieties. For stable yield performance rice hybrids must also possess genetic resistance to biotic stresses. One of these, stem borer, reduces the expected yield of hybrid rice. The truncated synthetic cryIA(b) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is known to be effective in controlling stem borer. The development of transformation techniques has provided the technology for incorporating this bacterial gene into the rice genome, which has not been possible by conventional breeding methods. We have introduced a new approach of using a transgenic maintainer line for developing an insect-resistant hybrid rice. An elite IRRI maintainer line (IR68899B) has been transformed with the cryIA(b) gene driven by the 35S constitutive promoter using the biolistic method. The integration and expression of the cryIA(b) gene could be demonstrated through Southern and Western blot analyses that have been carried out so far up to the T2 generations. Insect bioassay data showed an enhanced resistance to yellow stem borer in the Bt + transgenic plants. This is the first report of the development of a transgenic maintainer line for use in hybrid rice improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words PEPCP ; Pith promoter ; cryIA (b) ; Rice ; YSB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The truncated chimeric Bt gene, cryIA(b) of Bacillus thuringiensis, driven by two constitutive promoters, 35S from CaMV and Actin-1 from rice, and two tissue-specific promoters, pith tissue and pepcarboxylase (PEPC) for green tissue from maize, was introduced into several varieties of rice (indica and japonica) by microprojectile bombardment and protoplast systems. A total of 1800 putative transgenic Bt rice plants could be produced. Southern analysis revealed that more than 100 independently transformed plants could be confirmed for integration of the cryIA(b) gene. High levels of CryIA(b) proteins were obtained in the green tissue (leaves and stem) of many plants using the PEPC promoter. There was little difference in Bt protein level in leaves and stems from transgenic plants with the 35 S or Actin-1 promoter. Out of 800 Southern-positive plants that were bioassayed, 81 transgenic plants showed 100% mortality of insect larvae of the yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). The transgene, cryIA(b), driven by different promoters showed a wide range of expression (low to high) of Bt proteins stably inherited in a number of rice varieties with enhanced yellow stem borer resistance. This first report of transgenic indica Bt rice plants with the PEPC or pith promoter either alone or in combination should provide a better strategy for providing rice plants with protection against insect pest resistance, minimizing the expression of the CryIA(b) protein in seeds and other tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Indica rice ; Xa21 ; Transgenic plants ; Disease resistance ; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An elite indica rice variety, ‘IR72’, was transformed with a cloned gene, Xa21, through particle bombardment. Molecular analysis of transgenic plants revealed the presence of a 3.8-kb EcoRV-digested DNA fragment corresponding to most of the Xa21 coding region and its complete intron sequence, indicating the integration of Xa21 into the genome of ‘IR72’. In the T1 generation, the transgene was inherited and segregated in a 3:1 ratio. After inoculation with the prevalent races 4 and 6 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), T1 plants positive for the transgene were found to be resistant to bacterial blight (BB). We also observed that the level of resistance to race 4 of Xoo was higher due to the pyramiding of Xa21 and Xa4 present in ‘IR72’. Since the inactivation of the transgene Xa21 occurred in the two transgenic T1 plants, a larger progeny should be obtained for selecting homozygous line with a consistently higher level of resistance to the BB pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2187-2197 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A numerical computation of the LDV results of Kliafas and Holt is reported for a turbulent gas-solid particle flow in a square-sectioned 90° bend. A Eulerian model with generalized Eulerian solid surface boundary conditions for the particulate-phase momentum exchanges with solid walls are included. The turbulent closure is effected by using the gas-phase RNG-based k-∊ turbulence model, and the particulate turbulence diffusivity is related to the turbulent viscosity of the gas phase. Comparisons are made with experimental data for the mean streamwise velocities of both phases, the streamwise turbulence intensity of the gas phase, and the particulate concentration distribution in the bend. The localized high particulate concentration near the outer curve of the bend that occurs at large Stokes number is accurately predicted. Empirical computational evidence is presented for a relaxation of the minimum particle number density required to allow the use of a continuum model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 48 (1997), S. 441-446 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Innere Chlorierung von Nickelbasislegierungen and ihre Beziehung zur Korrosion durch VerdampfungDie Kinetik der inneren Chlorierung von Nickelbasislegierungen im Temperaturbereich zwischen 400°C und 700°C wurde mittels optischer und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Die innere Chlorierung von Ni-4Cr und Ni-4Cr-O,5Ce erfolgte durch Bildung fester Ausscheidungen wie CrCl2 und CeCl3, die thermodynamisch stabil sind und bei den Temperaturen niedrige Dampfdrücke in der Legierungsmatrix haben. Im niedrigeren Temperaturbereich folgte die Kinetik der inneren Chlorierung annähernd einem parabolischen Geschwindigkeitsgesetz. Der Grad der inneren Chlorierung nahm mit steigender Temperatur zu. Im höheren Temperaturbereich wurde der innere Angriff durch Legierungsverbrauch infolge Verdampfung begleitet. Wenn die Geschwindigkeit der inneren Chlorierung gleich der Geschwindigkeit des Gesamtmetallverbrauches war, näherte sich die Tiefe der inneren Chlorierungszone einem stationären Wert. Bei hohen Temperaturen, bei denen die Verdampfung dominierte, war die stationäre Tiefe der inneren Chlorierung sogar kleiner als bei niedrigeren Temperaturen. Wenn eine Probe nur geringer Verdampfung ausgesetzt war, zeigte sie mehr inneren Angriff als bei stärkerer Verdampfung und umgekehrt.
    Notes: The kinetics of internal chlorination of Ni-based alloys between 400°C and 700°C were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Internal chlorination of Ni-4Cr and Ni-4Cr-0.5Ce alloy occurred by formation of solid precipitates such as CrCl2, and CeCl3 which are thermodynamically stable and have low vapor pressures at the temperatures within the alloy matrix. In the lower temperature range, the kinetics of internal chlorination nearly followed a parabolic rate law. The degree of internal chlorination increased with increasing temperature. In the higher temperature range, the internal attack was accompanied by the consumption of the alloy by volatilization. When the rate of internal chlorination equaled the rate of overall metal consumption, the depth of the internal chlorination zone would approach a steady state value. At high temperatures, where vaporization was predominant, the steady state depth of internal attack was even smaller than that at lower temperature. When an alloy specimen was subject to little volatilization, it showed more internal attack than when it was not, and vice versa.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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