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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophilic Bromination of 7-Norbornylidene-7'-Norbornane. The Observation of an Unusually Large Inverse Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 8769-8776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00139a009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the mechanism of aluminum via fill by reflow and forcefill as studied by transmission electron microscopy (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 571-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comparison has been made between the Al via fill mechanisms in both reflow and forcefill processes. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the Al transport into the vias as a function of time. Our analysis shows that reflow and forcefill results can be explained by a stress relaxation model. We propose that the transport of aluminum into the vias as a function of time is described by both diffusion and dislocation movement. In the case of reflow at high temperature, the vias may be filled completely, after closure, by high-temperature creep of Al. In the case of forcefill, an additional high stress has been applied which raises the strain levels such to activate the dislocation glide and climb mechanism. The results from detailed investigations of the microstructure by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy support these new insights. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369491
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetraammonium Hexahydrogenhexamolybdozincate(II) Hexahydrate (1997)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270196011043
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Cadmium(II) Complex of Creatinine, [Cd(C2H3O2)2(C4H7N3O)2].0.5H2O (1996)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 3043-3045 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270196009833
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of timber products with gaseous borate esters (1995)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 29 (1995), S. 385-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Several factors which influence the treatment of timber products with vapour phase preservatives such as borate esters are considered. Gas flow rate through the substrate was found to be a significant factor limiting both preservative penetration and its rate of deposition. A theoretical model of the treatment process was developed and tested experimentally to determine the influence of several factors on the retention and distribution of boric acid. Gas flow into the timber product was influenced by permeability, pressure gradient and substrate moisture content. The implications of the findings are considered with regard to the treatment of wood and wood products with gaseous reagents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202586
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of timber products with gaseous borate esters (1998)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 32 (1998), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper forms a continuation of the work on treatment of timber products with gaseous borate esters. Turner and Murphy (1995) in an earlier paper indicated that gas flow rate into the wood substrate was the principle factor limiting the rate of boric acid retention and the depth of penetration into wood products. The current paper considers the impact of this factor on treatment efficacy and considers experimental work designed to evaluate qualitatively, the impact of proposed modifications to the process. Significant improvements in treatment performance were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702557
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRT-gesteuerte regionale Tiefenhyperthermie (1999)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 756-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter MRT-Bildgebung ; Regionale Tiefenhyperthermie ; Weichteiltumoren ; Knochentumoren ; Key words MRI ; Regional hyperthermia ; Soft-tissue tumors ; Bone tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Regional hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy is a promising treatment concept for locally advanced, deep-seated tumors. The purpose of the project is the optimization of the therapy using non-invasive, three-dimensional imaging of tissue changes or of the temperature distribution during regional hyperthermia. Methods: MRI offers methods suitable in principle for tissue characterization and MR thermometry. A new MRI-hyperthermia hybrid system has been developed based on an innovative hyperthermia applicator and an open MRI system. Results: After successful testing of the new MRI-hyperthermia hybrid system simultaneous MRI and regional hyperthermia in patients could be accomplished for the first time. At present the T1 relaxation time seems to be a promising parameter for MR thermometry. Conclusion: The first clinical application of the MRI-hyperthermia hybrid system can be regarded as an important step towards the development of regional hyperthermia. This new hybrid system and the MR thermometry methods have to be investigated prospectively in clinical studies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die regionale Tiefenhyperthermie in Kombination mit Chemotherapie und/oder Radiotherapie ist ein vielversprechendes Behandlungskonzept für lokal fortgeschrittene, tiefliegende Tumoren. Ziel dieses Projektes ist die nichtinvasive, dreidimensionale Darstellung der Gewebsveränderungen und der Temperaturverteilungen während der regionalen Tiefenhyperthermie. Methodik: Die Magnetresonanztomographie bietet prinzipiell geeignete Methoden für die Gewebecharakterisierung und für die MR-Thermometrie. Auf der Basis eines innovativen Hyperthermieapplikators und eines offenen MR-Tomographen wurde ein neues MRT-Hyperthermie-Hybridsystem entwickelt und erprobt. Ergebnisse: Nach der erfolgreichen Erprobung des neuen MRT-Hyperthermie-Hybridsystems an Phantomen und Probanden konnte erstmals am Patienten eine simultane MR-Bildgebung und Tiefenhyperthermie durchgeführt werden. Die T1-Relaxationszeit erscheint nach unseren derzeitigen Forschungsergebnissen ein vielversprechender Ansatz für die MR-Thermometrie bei 0,2 T zu sein. Schlußfolgerung: Der erstmalige klinische Einsatz des MRT-Hyperthermie-Hybridsystems kann als wichtiger Meilenstein für die Gesamtentwicklung der regionalen Tiefenhyperthermie bezeichnet werden. Das neue Gerät und die unterschiedlichen MRT-Verfahren, insbesondere die der MR-Thermometrie, müssen nun in klinischen Studien untersucht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050572
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of timber products with gaseous borate esters Part 2. Process improvement (1998)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 32 (1998), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-7719
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper forms a continuation of the work on treatment of timber products with gaseous borate esters. Turner and Murphy (1995) in an earlier paper indicated that gas flow rate into the wood substrate was the principle factor limiting the rate of boric acid retention and the depth of penetration into wood products. The current paper considers the impact of this factor on treatment efficacy and considers experimental work designed to evaluate qualitatively, the impact of proposed modifications to the process. Significant improvements in treatment performance were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260050056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS and SIMS Investigation of Covalently Bound Lipid on the Wool Fibre SurfacePaper presented at the 4th International Conference on Adhesion and Surface Analysis (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 704-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Alcoholic alkali solutions, such as potassiumt-butoxide int-butanol and potassium hydroxide in ethanol, have been known to remove the covalently bound lipid from the wool fibre surface. In this study, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been used to investigate the surface characteristics of unprocessed wool fibres (both base section and weathered tips), wool fabric and the relative effects of potassiumt-butoxide and potassium hydroxide treatments. Results comparing the fibre base and tip confirm that the weathering may result in partial loss of the covalently bound lipid from the tip. In addition, a loss of sulphur has been observed. While the extent of sulphur oxidation on the surface of the base section is insignificant, the tip section may have up to 30% oxidized sulphur. There is no apparent difference between the fibres and the fabric used in this study regarding the levels of carbon, sulphur and oxidation. Potassiumt-butoxide is found to be less effective than potassium hydroxide in removing the surface bound lipid. An explanation is given which supports a hypothesis that the bound lipid is located not only at the outer most surface, but that it is also trapped within the underlying protein layer. The potassiumt-butoxide, due to its bulky molecular structure, may not have easy access to the trapped lipid. While the extent of oxidation of surface sulphur after potassiumt-butoxide treatment is higher compared to that after potassium hydroxide treatment, the levels of sulphur loss caused by these two reagents are similar. The removal of bound surface lipid for fabric is more effective than for fibres. It is suggested that fine-scale damage to the fibre, which has been observed to occur during physical processing, is responsible for this difference.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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