Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Potassium channel ; inward rectifier ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; genetics ; single strand conformation polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ligand gated potassium channels, such as the ATP-regulated potassium channel, play crucial roles in coupling of stimuli to insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Mutations in the genes might lead to the insulin secretory defects observed in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We isolated a cDNA encoding a putative subunit of a ligand gated potassium channel from a human islet cDNA library. The channel, which we designated hiGIRK2, appeared to be an alternative spliced variant and a human homologue of recently reported mbGIRK2, KATP-2/BIR1. Transcripts were detected in human brain and pancreas, but not in other tissues including cardiac muscle. The sizes of transcripts in the pancreas differed from those in the brain, suggesting tissue-specific alternative splicing and possible isoforms. We then isolated human genomic clones, determined the complete genomic structure and localized the gene to chromosome 21 (21q22). The gene was comprised of four exons and the protein was encoded by three exons. The entire coding region of the hiGIRK2 gene was scanned by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis in 80 Japanese NIDDM patients. We found five nucleotide substitutions; three were silent mutations of the third base of codons, one in the first intron, 9 bases upstream of exon 2, and one in the 3′-untranslated region. We conclude that mutations in the gene encoding MGIRK2, a (subunit of) ligand gated potassium channel, is not a major determinant of the susceptibility to NIDDM in Japanese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Muscle glycogen synthase ; insulin resistance ; NIDDM ; genetics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) is a key enzyme of non-oxidative pathway of glucose metabolism that has been reported to be related to insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients. We scanned the GYS1 gene for mutation by single strand conformational polymorphism in 244 non-obese Japanese NIDDM patients and 181 non-diabetic control subjects, and found two missense mutations; Met to Val at position 416 in the exon 10 (M416V) and Pro to Ala at position 442 in the exon 11 (P442A). The P442A mutation was found in only one NIDDM patient treated with sulfonylureas. On the other hand, the M416V mutation was widely found in the Japanese population. The mutant allele frequency in the NIDDM patients (13.7 %) was slightly higher but not statistically significant compared with that in non-diabetic subjects (9.7 %). However, the insulin sensitivity index [SI: × 10− 4× min− 1× (μU/ml)− 1] estimated by Minimal Model analysis in the NIDDM patients carrying the M416V mutation was significantly lower than that in those without the mutation (1.18 ± 0.27, n = 21 vs 2.20 ± 0.20, n = 60, mean ± SEM, p 〈 0.01). Glucose effectiveness, age, body mass index, and levels of glycated haemoglobin and serum lipids were not significantly different between the two groups. The same trend could be seen in non-diabetic subjects (SI: 3.70 ± 0.46, 9 subjects with the mutation vs 5.94 ± 0.66, 19 subjects without the mutation, p 〈 0.05). These findings indicate that the M416V mutation of the GYS1 gene is one of the factors contributing to the insulin resistance in the Japanese population and may play some role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 947–952]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Potassium channel ; inward rectifier ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; genetics ; single strand conformation polymorphism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ligand gated potassium channels, such as the ATP-regulated potassium channel, play crucial roles in coupling of stimuli to insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Mutations in the genes might lead to the insulin secretory defects observed in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We isolated a cDNA encoding a putative subunit of a ligand gated potassium channel from a human islet cDNA library. The channel, which we designated hiGIRK2, appeared to be an alternative spliced variant and a human homologue of recently reported mbGIRK2, KATP-2/BIR1. Transcripts were detected in human brain and pancreas, but not in other tissues including cardiac muscle. The sizes of transcripts in the pancreas differed from those in the brain, suggesting tissue-specific alternative splicing and possible isoforms. We then isolated human genomic clones, determined the complete genomic structure and localized the gene to chromosome 21 (21q22). The gene was comprised of four exons and the protein was encoded by three exons. The entire coding region of the hiGIRK2 gene was scanned by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis in 80 Japanese NIDDM patients. We found five nucleotide substitutions; three were silent mutations of the third base of codons, one in the first intron, 9 bases upstream of exon 2, and one in the 3 ′-untranslated region. We conclude that mutations in the gene encoding hiGIRK2, a (subunit of) ligand gated potassium channel, is not a major determinant of the susceptibility to NIDDM in Japanese. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 447–452]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords FAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; GK rat ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; insulin secretion ; adenovirus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is impaired in GK (Goto-Kakizaki) rats, perhaps because of abnormalities in glucose metabolism in pancreatic islet beta cells. The glycerol phosphate shuttle plays a major role in glucose metabolism by reoxidizing cytosolic NADH generated by glycolysis. In the pancreatic islets of GK rats, the activity of mitochondrial FAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH), the key enzyme of the glycerol phosphate shuttle, is decreased and this abnormality may be responsible, at least in part, for impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. To investigate this possibility, we overexpressed mGPDH in islets isolated from GK rats via recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene transduction, and examined glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In islets isolated from diabetic GK rats at 8 to 10 weeks of age, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was severely impaired, and mGPDH activity was decreased to 79 % of that in non-diabetic Wistar rats. When mGPDH was overexpressed in islets from GK rats, enzyme activity and protein content increased 2- and 6-fold, respectively. Basal (3 mmol/l glucose) and glucose-stimulated (20 mmol/l) insulin secretion from the Adex1CAlacZ-infected GK rat islets were, respectively, 4.4 ± 0.7 and 8.1 ± 0.7 ng · islet−1· 30 min−1, and those from mGPDH-overexpressed GK rat islets 4.7 ± 0.3 and 9.1 ± 0.8 ng · islet−1· 30 min−1, in contrast to those from the Adex1CAlacZ-infected non-diabetic Wistar rat islets (4.7 ± 1.6 and 47.6 ± 11.9 ng · islet−1· 30 min−1). Thus, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is severely impaired in GK rats even in the stage when mGPDH activity is modestly decreased, and at this stage, overexpression of mGPDH cannot restore glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We conclude that decreased mGPDH activity in GK rat islets is not the defect primarily responsible for impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 649–653]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Ovary—Fibroma—MRI—myxomatous change.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. It has been reported that ovarian fibromas display low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. We report an ovarian fibroma exhibiting low signal intensity on a T1-weighted image and high signal intensity on a T2-weighted image. Microscopically pronounced myxomatous changes were shown in the fibroma. The signal intensity of ovarian fibromas differs with the degree of myxomatous change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Gastric carcinoma—CT—Jaundice—Bile duct, lymphangitis carcinomatosa.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a case of advanced gastric carcinoma presenting with obstructive jaundice. Computed tomography showed marked lymphadenopathy in the hepatoduodenal ligament and concentric bile duct wall thickening. Histologically, extrahepatic bile duct wall was thickened due to submucosal lymphangitic spread of gastric carcinoma (lymphangitis carcinomatosa). Lymphangitis carcinomatosa may be considered when extrahepatic bile duct wall thickening is seen in patients with obstructive jaundice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Liver, CT—Portography—Hepatic veins, stenosis or obstruction—Hepatic veins, transluminal angioplasty—Hepatic veins, thrombosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: To assess the intrahepatic portal flow in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) by computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP). Methods: Five patients with BCS [with (n = 3) and without (n = 2) inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction] underwent both CTAP and postcontrast CT following CTAP. CTAP and postcontrast CT after angioplasty were also performed in one patient. Findings on CTAP and postcontrast CT were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Patients with IVC obstruction and a patent large hepatic vein showed homogeneous hepatic enhancement on CTAP. Patients without IVC obstruction and with no patent large hepatic veins showed heterogeneous hepatic enhancement, which consisted of patchy enhancement and more definite enhancement in the central part of the liver. On postcontrast CT, the patchy enhancement was enlarged compared with that on CTAP in these patients. The heterogeneous hepatic enhancement became homogeneous in the patient who underwent angioplasty. Conclusion: We suggest that the more marked the blood congestion, the more heterogeneous the hepatic enhancement becomes on CTAP. Heterogeneous hepatic enhancement on CTAP is seen in such cases without any patent hepatic veins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Liver, blood supply—Liver cirrhosis—MRI—CT—US.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Different imaging appearances of giant hyperplastic change of the caudate lobe of the liver are presented in a patient with liver cirrhosis. The mass like caudate lobe was isoechoic on ultrasound, hypodense on postcontrast computed tomography (CT), hyperintense on T1-weighted magnetic resonance, images and isointense on T2-weighted images. These imaging findings are similar to those of dysplastic nodule in cirrhotic liver. The caudate lobe received normal portal flow on CT during arterial portography, but superior mesenteric arteriography showed precocious or early division of the caudate portal branch. We suspect that caudate hyperplastic change may be correlated to anomalous caudate portal vein branch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Liver neoplasm ; Computed tomography ; Hepatocellular carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are hypervascular and arise in the liver with chronicity. Spiral volumetric CT (SVCT) is a new rapid-scan technique that offers whole-liver scanning during the arterial-dominant phase. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the detectability of hypervascular HCC with SVCT as compared with ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods Forty-three hypervascular HCCs in 512 patients with chronic liver disease were examined with US, precontrast SVCT, postcontrast SVCT during the arterial-dominant phase (CT-ADP) and during the equivalent-phase (CT-EP) noncontrast MR imaging and angiography including SVCT during arteriography and arterial portography. Angiographic and follow-up findings were used as the gold standard if the lesion was not confirmed histologically. Results The sensitivity was 61% with precontrast CT, 84% with CT-ADP, 58% with CT-EP, 70% with US, 72% with MR, and 95% with the combination of these five modalities. Five HCCs (12%) were detected with only CT-ADP. The vascularity of HCC was correctly evaluated as hypervascular in 38 nodules (88%) with the combination of precontrast CT and CT-ADP. Conclusions We suggest that the combination of precontrast SVCT and CT-ADP is an essential modality to screen for HCC in patients with chronic liver disease. CT-EP did not contribute to the detection of hypervascular HCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Gallbladder varices—Portal venous thrombosis—Color Doppler sonography—CT during arterial portography (CTAP).
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Gallbladder varices were correctly diagnosed by color Doppler sonography and computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP) in two patients with portal vein thrombosis. One patient with multiple hepatocellular carcinomas showed extrahepatic and intrahepatic portal vein occlusion by a tumor thrombus. The other patient, with liver cirrhosis, had a portal vein thrombosis. Color Doppler sonography clearly showed the portal vein occlusion, cavernous transformation of collateral veins, and gallbladder varices that drained into the intrahepatic portal venous branches. The intrahepatic portal venous branch, connecting to the gallbladder varices, exhibited reverse flow from the periphery to the hilum of the liver. CTAP also demonstrated gallbladder varices communicating directly with the intrahepatic portal vein branches in both patients. Gallbladder varices developed as a venous collateral because of extrahepatic portal vein occlusion. Color Doppler sonography and CTAP are useful for detecting these varices and planning biliary surgery in patients with portal vein thrombosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...