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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FEMTOSECOND DYNAMICS OF ELECTRONS ON SURFACES AND AT INTERFACES1 (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 48 (1997), S. 711-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two-photon photoemission is a promising new technique that has been developed for the study of electron dynamics at interfaces. A femtosecond laser is used to both create an excited electronic distribution at the surface and eject the distribution for subsequent energy analysis. Time- and momentum-resolved two-photon photoemission spectra as a function of layer thickness fully determine the conduction band dynamics at the interface. Earlier clean surface studies showed how excited electron lifetimes are affected by the crystal band structure and vacuum image potential. Recent studies of various insulator/metal interfaces show that the dynamics of excess electrons are largely determined by the electron affinity of the adsorbate. In general, electron dynamics at the interface are influenced by the substrate and adlayer band structures, dielectric screening, and polaron formation in the two-dimensional overlayer lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.711
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An audit of the safety of an acute pain service (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We audited and analysed the adverse effects and safety of postoperative pain management on 2509 consecutive patients under care of the Acute Pain Service at a tertiary referral teaching hospital over a 32-month period. Our standard respiratory monitoring consisted of continuous pulse oximetry, hourly respiratory rate counting, sedation scoring and intermittent arterial blood gas sampling. This protocol was reliable and detected six episodes of bradypnoea, 13 of hypercapnia and 23 of oxygen desaturation occurring in 39 patients (1.8% of all spontaneously breathing patients). Two patients required naloxone injection and none had long-term sequelae. Hypotension due to epidural bupivacaine 0.0625% and fentanyl 3.3 μg.ml−1 infusion occurred in four patients (1.2%), all with a sensory block higher than T5. They readily responded to fluid infusion and ephedrine (two patients). Postoperative nausea or vomiting occurred in 723 (28.8%) and 380 (15.1%) patients, respectively. Odds ratio analysis showed that the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting were: female gender, gynaecological operations, nongeriatric patients and systemic analgesia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting decreased analgesic efficacy by discouraging the use of patient-controlled analgesia and was regarded as equally distressing as pain. Other side-effects included: pruritus in 182 patients; dizziness in 333 and lower limb weakness in 73 (21.2% of patients receiving epidural local anaesthetics). It is concluded that a standard monitoring and management protocol, an experienced nursing team and reliable Acute Pain Service coverage is mandatory for the safe use of modern analgesic techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.232-az0371.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF A BACKSWEPT CENTRIFUGAL IMPELLER AT OFF-DESIGN POINT CONDITIONS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 23 (1996), S. 883-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: N-S solver ; Turbomachinery ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The internal flows inside a backswept centrifugal impeller at off-design point conditions are analysed by solving the fully three- dimensional Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the k-∊ two-equation turbulence model. Conditions analysed have flow rates of 85 per cent and 113 per cent of the design rate. The calculated results are compared with published experimental data and the comparison shows good agreement. A jet wake structure occurs near the outlet of the impeller for each of the two off-design flow rates and the location and size of the jet wake structure seem to be independent of the flow rate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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