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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods for assessing splenic macrophage depletion by liposome encapsulated clodronate (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Macrophage ; Liposome ; Spleen ; Depletion ; Clodronate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Small unilamellar vesicles containing clodronate (SUVc) injected intravenously will deplete splenic macrophages and the degree of histological depletion can be assessed by determining the clearance and uptake of monoclonal antibody coated erythrocytes. Splenic Fc dependent clearance, assessed in decomplemented animals, provides a more sensitive index of the effects of large multilamellar liposome encapsulated clodronate (MLVc) and SUVc than does the clearance of complement coated erythrocytes on macrophage depletion in the spleen. MLVc were more efficient than SUVc in inducing a reduction in the number of red pulp macrophages within the spleen. Receptor specific red cell uptake in the spleen could be used as an alternative to histology when assessing splenic macrophage depletion. Encapsulation of clodronate is crucial to its depleting effect since the free drug in saline does not change splenic macrophage number or function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782812
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement uncertainty in analytical chemistry (1996)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. 14-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Measurement ; Uncertainty ; Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  It is now becoming recognised in the measurement community that as well as reporting the measured value it is also essential to give its uncertainty. Without a knowledge of the uncertainty, it is impossible for the users of the result to know what confidence can be placed in it and it is also impossible to assess the comparability of different measurements of the same parameter. However, problems arise with the use of such terminology as error, accuracy, inaccuracy and uncertainty that has everyday connotations as well as formal definitions for use in metrology. The paper gives a resume of the reasons why it is important to evaluate and report the uncertainty on a result in a consistent manner. A description is given of the concept of uncertainty, which highlights the difference between it and error, accuracy or inaccuracy. This is followed by a discussion of the recommendations made by the "ISO – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement" for the evaluation and reporting of uncertainty. The methodology for evaluating uncertainty is described and the advantages of using suitable reference materials are discussed. Finally, the benefits to both the analytical laboratory and the user of the results from the evaluation and reporting of uncertainty are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050027
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to measurement uncertainty in chemical analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  This paper reviews the experience of the use of the Eurachem Guide and gives a brief overview of the principles of evaluating uncertainty. This is followed by discussion of the comments received on the Guide and highlights some of the issues that need to be considered in the next version.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050196
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species composition, biomass and vertical distribution of micronekton over the mid-slope region off southern Tasmania, Australia (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 130 (1997), S. 259-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal sampling was carried out based on day/night, vertically stratified tows (100 or 125 m strata) in the upper 900 m of the water column over the mid-slope commercial fishing grounds south of Tasmania. A large midwater trawl (105 m2 mouth area) was used with an opening/closing cod-end. Subtropical convergence and subtropical species dominated the fauna, but many less abundant, more widely-distributed species were also present. Fishes, which contributed 89% of micronekton biomass and 135 of 178 species, were dominated by the Myctophidae (48% biomass and 48 species). Twenty micronekton species made up 80% of the total biomass. Overall, the micronekton fish biomass in this region was 2.2 g m−2 wet weight. A pronounced day/night shift in the distribution of biomass was attributable to diel migratory species. During the day, 〈0.2% of the total micronekton biomass was found in 0 to 300 m; most biomass was below 400 m, with peaks at 400 to 525 m and 775 to 900 m. At night, 53% of the biomass was found in 0 to 300 m, with progressively less in each deeper stratum. The vertical ranges of individual species typically exceeded 400 to 500 m during the day and night and were non-coincident, although nyctoepipelagic migrators were concentrated in the surface 200 m at night. Distinct epipelagic, lower and upper mesopelagic assemblages were identified, and patterns of epipelagic migration, limited migration and non-migration were categorised for species from each of the lower and upper mesopelagic assemblages. The vertical distribution of these assemblages was coincident with the primary water masses: subantarctic mode water (∼250 to 600 m) and antarctic intermediate water (below ∼700 m). The flux of migrating micronekton, estimated at 0.94 to 3.36 g C m−2 yr−1 to the lower mesopelagic and 1.14 to 4.06 g C m−2 yr−1 to the upper mesopelagic, appeared to be considerably outweighed by the consumption needs of aggregated mid-slope benthopelagic predators. We suggest that advection of mesopelagic prey in antarctic intermediate water may sustain aggregated populations of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) and other predators on the micronekton in mid-slope depths at this site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050246
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gating of the sheep skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-release channel is regulated by luminal Ca2+ (1995)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 146 (1995), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Skeletal muscle ; Calcium-release channel ; Ryanodine receptor ; Channel gating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of changes in luminal [Ca2+] have been investigated in sheep skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-release channels after activation of the channels by different ligands from the cytosolic side of the channel. Native heavy SR membrane vesicles were incorporated into planar phospholipid bilayers under voltage-clamp conditions. Experiments were carried out in symmetrical 250 mm Cs+. Lifetime analysis indicates that channels activated solely by cytosolic Ca2+ exhibit at least two open and five closed states. The open events are very brief and are close to the minimum resolvable duration. When channels are activated solely by cytosolic Ca2+, luminal Ca2+ does not appear to exert any regulatory effect. The P 0 and duration of the open and closed lifetimes are unchanged. However, if channels are activated by ATP alone or by ATP plus cytosolic Ca2+, increases in luminal [Ca2+] produce marked increases in P 0 and in the duration of the open lifetimes. Our results demonstrate that maximum activation of the skeletal SR Ca2+-release channel by ATP cannot be obtained in the absence of millimolar luminal [Ca2+].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the anal sphincter using a dedicated endoanal receiver coil (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 436-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Endoanal coil ; Anal sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The use of a surface coil in MR imaging improves signal-to-noise ratio of adjacent tissues of interest. We therefore devised an endoanal receiver coil for imaging the anal sphincter. The probe is solid and re-usable: it comprises a saddle geometry receiver with integral tuning, matching and decoupling. It is placed in the anal canal and immobilised externally. Both in vitro and in vivo normal anatomy is identified. The mucosa is high signal intensity, the submucosa low signal intensity, the internal sphincter uniformly high signal intensity and the external sphincter low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. In females, the transverse perineal muscle bridges the inferior part of the external sphincter anteriorly. In perianal sepsis, collections and the site of the endoanal opening are identified. In early-onset fecal incontinence following obstetric trauma/surgery, focal sphincter defects are demonstrated; in late-onset fecal incontinence external sphincter atrophy is seen. In fecally incontinent patients with scleroderma, forward deviation of the anterior sphincter musculature with descent of rectal air and feces into the anal canal is noted. The extent of sphincter invasion is assessed in low rectal tumours. In children with congenital anorectal anomalies, abnormalities of the muscle components are defined using smaller-diameter coils. Such information is invaluable in the assessment and surgical planning of patients with a variety of anorectal pathologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050688
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-Cell Receptor V-Region Usage and Antigen Specificity (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 756 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44477.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pumps as Turbines and Induction Motors as Generators for Energy Recovery in Water Supply Systems (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Pressure-reducing valves, which dissipate energy, are often used in water supply systems to regulate the downstream pressure levels. If a reverse running pumpset is installed alongside such a valve, most of the dissipated energy can be recovered.This paper describes a system of this type which has recently been installed by North West Water, with advice and specialized equipment supplied by the Nottingham Trent University Micro-Hydro Group. The power produced by the energy-recovery system is used to run and monitor a remote potable-water dosing plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00169.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-Dependent Growth and Survival of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei in a Semi-Closed Recirculating System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract.— Two growth trials utilizing Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus setiferus were conducted at densities of 28.4, 56.8, 85.2, 113.6, 170.4, 227.3 and 284.1/ m2 in an indoor recirculating system. There was an inverse linear relationship between stocking density and growth among both species. The relationship between final weight and stocking density is described by the following linear equation: P. setiferus, Y =−0.00619X ± 4.46, adj. r2= 0.8572;.P. vannamei, Y=−0.00717X ± 7.39, adj. r2= 0.6230. Although the responses in terms of growth depressions were similar, P. setiferus growth was lower than that of P. vannamei. There was an inverse relationship between stocking density and survival for P. setiferus. Survival of P. vannamei was highly variable but was negatively correlated with density. Based on the results of the present study, P. setiferus has a similar tolerance of high density as that of P. vannamei and hence may be suitable for intensive culture systems. However, depressed growth rates of P. setiferus, which do not appear to be due to effects of water quality or density, must be solved if growth rates similar to P. vannamei are to be realized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00600.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR of the BH4 molecule in solid hydrogen (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 4756-4759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: BH4, with isotopic substitution, has been prepared and trapped in solid H2, D2, HD by laser vaporization of boron and subsequent reaction with the matrix gas. The results confirm the C2v structure of the molecule and generally support the results of Symons et al., on γ-irradiated NaBH4. Differences from those results are discussed, and comparison is made with the CH4+ parameters of Knight et al.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474838
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