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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vortext Dynamics in the Cylinder Wake (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 28 (1996), S. 477-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.28.010196.002401
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling of streamwise vortices in wakes (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 2307-2309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this Letter, we demonstrate the coexistence of two distinct systems of streamwise vortices in a bluff body wake. It appears that there exist conditions to amplify streamwise vorticity in bluff body wakes, by vortex stretching, in both the separating shear layers from the sides of the body and also in the vortex street wake. The length scale governing the streamwise vortices in the shear layer has a 1/(square root of)Re dependence, whereas the scale of such structures in the wake is independent of Reynolds number, Re (over a large range of Re). The proposition that there should exist two distinct, and possibly disparate, spanwise length scales in the cylinder wake is well supported by compiled measurements, particularly those of Williams and co-workers (Mansy et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 270, 277 (1994)]), as well as those from Chyu and Rockwell (submitted to J. Fluid Mech.). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868744
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mode A secondary instability in wake transition (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 1680-1682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is now well known that the wake transition regime for a circular cylinder involves two modes of secondary three-dimensional instability (modes "A'' and "B''), depending on the regime of Reynolds number (Re). However, there exists a surprisingly large scatter in previous measurements of critical Re for the inception of the mode A instability (Re from 140 to 190) and in previous measurements of spanwise length scale. It is deduced in this work that the large variation in previous measurements concerning mode A are due to the presence of vortex dislocations. In the absence of such dislocations, we find an excellent agreement of the critical Re as well as spanwise wavelength of mode A with the linear secondary stability analysis of Henderson and Barkley [Phys. Fluids 8, 1683 (1996)]. We further demonstrate that these large-scale dislocations in wake transition are triggered at the sites of some of the vortex loops for mode A; they are an intrinsic feature of transition, independent of end conditions. These studies lead us to a new clarification of the possible flow states through wake transition, as follows. If one defines a Mode A* as (Mode A+Dislocations), then the route through transition appears to follow the scenario of wake modes: (2D→A→A*→B). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868949
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase dynamics of Kármán vortices in cylinder wakes (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temporal evolution of Kármán vortex shedding patterns in the wake of a cylinder placed at right angles to a uniform flow is studied for Reynolds numbers (based on cylinder diameter) between 80 and 140. Focusing on the dynamics of the vortex shedding phase in the wake planview (the plane spanned by the free-stream direction and the cylinder axis) we study experimentally and model the response of shedding patterns to time-dependent boundary conditions imposed at the cylinder ends. By appropriate impulsive changes of end conditions, spanwise wave number "shocks'' can be produced that travel along the cylinder span. These shock experiments, together with data from steady oblique shedding patterns, are used to determine the parameters for the spanwise Ginzburg–Landau model, which has already been used successfully to describe many of the phenomena observed in cylinder wakes. We then demonstrate experimentally that, in analogy to gasdynamics, it is also possible to produce "expansion waves'' of the spanwise wave number, which are well described by the Ginzburg–Landau model without further adjustment of its parameters. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868817
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the preS1 gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to define epidemiologically linked and un-linked infections in South Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 1829-1841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Analysis of the preS1 gene of hepatitis B virus was used to define two nosocomial outbreaks of HBV infection. In an outbreak in an oncology unit we had previously shown by single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of a 189 bp fragment of the preS1 gene, that 52 children were infected with HBV strains that displayed only 5 different SSCP profiles. Sequencing of a 383 bp fragment encompassing the entire preS1 gene, revealed that isolates with same SSCP profile were identical in sequence across the entire preS1 gene, confirming that those patients with the same SSCP pattern had epidemiologically linked infections. A second outbreak involved 8 liver transplant patients from two different hospitals, 5 of whom were from the same hospital at which the oncology outbreak had occurred. Two of these 5 patients had HBV strains that were identical to strains from the oncology unit and nosocomial transmission probably accounted for the infections in these two, while diversity of both SSCP profiles and sequence data of remaining 6 patients supported the conclusion that they had not been infected from a common source. The donor liver is believed to be the most likely source of infection in these patients. HBV isolates from patients infected in the community were used as a standard for the general degree of preS1 sequence variation of local HBV strains. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison with reference HBV clones revealed that of 27 local HBV strains, genotypes A and D occurred most frequently and were identified in 14 and 12 patients respectively, while genotype C was detected in one patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050200
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Hegland-marti inverse eigevalue problem (1997)
    Springer
    Mathematical notes 61 (1997), S. 120-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8876
    Keywords: additive inverse eigenvalue problem ; Hegland-Marti problem ; solvability in radicals ; characteristic polynomial ; Galois group
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02355014
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