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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Id proteins may control cell differentiation by interfering with DNA binding of transcription factors. Here we show that targeted disruption of the dominant negative helix–loop–helix proteins Id1 and Id3 in mice results in premature withdrawal of neuroblasts from the cell cycle and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: RSV ; fusion protein ; baculoviruses ; High Five ; insect cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major viral pathogen responsible for severe respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, and the elderly. The RSV fusion (F) protein is highly conserved among RSV subgroups A and B and is the major protective immunogen. A genetically-engineered version of the RSV F protein was produced in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. To express a secreted form of this protein, the transmembrane domain was eliminated by removing the region of the gene encoding 48 amino acids at the C-terminus. Production of the truncated RSV F protein (RSV-Fs) was compared in two different insect cell lines, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Trichoplusia ni (High Five). The yield of RSV-Fs secreted from High Five insect cells was over 7-fold higher than that from Sf9 insect cells. Processing of the RSV-Fs protein was also different in the two insect cell lines. N-terminal sequencing demonstrated that while most of the RSV-Fs protein secreted by High Five cells was correctly processed at the F〈$〉_2〈$〉–F〈$〉_1〈$〉 proteolytic cleavage site, most of the RSV-Fs protein secreted by Sf9 cells was unprocessed or incorrectly processed. Antigenicity of the major RSV F neutralization epitopes was maintained in the RSV-Fs protein secreted from High Five cells. The RSV-specific neutralizing antibody titres in the sera of cotton rats immunized with the RSV-Fs protein were equivalent to those in the sera of animals intranasally inoculated with live RSV. Animals immunized with either live RSV or the immunoaffinity purified RSV-Fs protein from High Five cells were completely protected against live virus challenge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 37 (1997), S. 267-275 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: titanium implants ; chemical treatment ; bone bonding ; apatite layer ; tensile testing ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A study was undertaken in rabbit tibiae to determine the effects of chemical treatments and/or surface-induced bonelike apatite on the bone-bonding ability of titanium (Ti) implants. Smooth-surfaced plates (10 × 10 × 2 mm) of pure Ti, alkalil- and heat-treated Ti, and bonelike apatite-formed Ti after the treatments were implanted into the tibial metaphyses of mature rabbits. The tibiae containing the implants were harvested at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after implantation and subjected to a tensile testing and histologic evaluation. Biomechanical results showed that both treated implants exhibited significantly higher failure loads compared with untreated Ti implants at all time periods. Histologic examination by Giemsa surface staining, contact microradiography (CMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in backscatter mode revealed that both treated Ti implants directly bonded to bone tissue during the early postimplantation period, whereas untreated Ti implants formed direct contact with the bone only at 16 weeks. SEM-electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) examination showed a Ca-P-rich layer at the interface between the treated implants and bone, although the Ca-P-rich layer was not detected on the surface of untreated implants during observation periods. The results of this study suggest that chemical treatments may accelerate the bone-bonding behavior of titanium implants and enhance the strength of bone-implant bonding by inducing a bioactive surface layer on Ti implants. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 37, 267-275, 1997.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 258-265 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: bone bonding ; bioactive ceramic ; demineralized bone gelatin ; osteoinduction ; bone graft ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: To determine how to encourage inductive osteogenesis on bioactive ceramics and accelerate the bonding of implants to the surrounding bone, we studied the role of autolyzed antigen-extracted allogeneic bone gelatin (AAAG) in bone bonding to bioactive ceramic implants in rabbit tibiae. Smooth-surfaced plates (15 × 10 × 2 mm) of apatite and wollastonite containing glass-ceramic were implanted into the proximal metaphyses of tibiae, with AAAG packed into the medullary cavity in one limb but not in the contralateral limb, which served as a paired control. After 2, 4, 8, 16, and 25 weeks, bone bonding and bone formation at the bone/implant interfaces were evaluated by a detaching test and undecalcified histological examination. The tensile failure load increased from 2 to 25 weeks for both groups. The failure load of the AAAG-treated group was significantly greater than that of the control group at every stage. Histologically, the AAAG-treated specimens showed active new bone formation in the medullary cavity and extensive bonding between the implant and bone at early periods. The percentage of bony covering in the AAAG-treated group was significantly higher than that of the controls at all intervals except at 25 weeks. The results of this study suggest that the addition of osteoinductive AAAG to a bioactive implant may significantly accelerate bone apposition to the implant and improve the bonding process at the interface, which would help to establish an earlier and stronger bonding between the implants and the surrounding bone. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 258-265, 1998.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: It has been proposed that the essential requirement for artificial materials to bond to living bone is the formation of bone-like apatite on their surfaces in the body. Recent studies have shown that titanium hydrogel and silica gel induce apatite formation on their surface in a simulated body fluid. In this study, the influence of titanium oxide and titanium silicate on the bonding of titanium alloys to bone was studied. Rectangular implants (15 × 10 × 2.2 mm) of titanium, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-2Nb-Ta, Ti-6Al-4V coated with TiO2, and Ti-6Al-4V coated with Ti5Si3 were implanted into the tibial metaphyses of mature rabbits. At 8 and 24 weeks after implantation, the tibiae containing the implants were dissected out and subjected to a detaching testing. The failure load for titanium, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-2Nb-Ta, Ti-6Al-4V coated with TiO2, and Ti-6Al-4V coated with Ti5Si3 were, respectively, 0.68 ± 0.48, 0.22 ± 0.46, 0.67 ± 0.59, 2.18 ± 0.71 and 2.03 ± 0.41 kgf at 8 weeks, and 2.7 ± 0.91, 2.58 ± 1.29, 2.38 ± 0.41, 3.79 ± 1.7, and 2.79 ± 0.87 kgf at 24 weeks after implantation. Histological examination by Giemsa surface staining, CMR, and SEM-EPMA revealed the coated titanium alloy implants directly bonded to bone tissue during early implantation. A Ca-P layer was observed at the interface of the coated implants and the bone. The results of this study indicated that TiO2 and Ti5Si3 can enhance the early bonding of titanium alloys to bone by inducing a Ca-P layer (chemical apatite) on the surface of titanium alloys. It also is suggested that the direct bone contact occurs in relation to the calcium and phosphorus adsorption onto the surface of the titanium passive layer formed during long-term implantation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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