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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 154 (1999), S. 677-708 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Finite-source rupture models, Chilean tectonics, seismic directivity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A finite-source rupture model of the July 30, 1995, M w = 8.1 Antofagasta (Northern Chile) subduction earthquake is developed using body and surface waves that span periods from 20 to 290s. A long-period (150–290s) surface-wave spectral inversion technique is applied to estimate the average finite-fault source properties. Deconvolutions of broadband body waves using theoretical Green’s functions, and deconvolutions of broadband fundamental mode surface waves using empirical Green’s functions provided by a large aftershock, yield effective source time functions containing periods from 20 to 200s for many directivity parameters. The source time functions are used in an inverse radon transform to image a one-dimensional spatial model of the moment rate history. The event produced a predominantly unilateral southward rupture, yielding strong directivity effects on all seismic waves with periods less than a few hundred seconds. The aftershock information, spectral analysis, and moment rate distribution indicate a rupture length of 180–200km, with the largest slip concentrated in the first 120km, a rupture azimuth of 205°± 10° along the Chilean coastline, and a rupture duration of 60–68s with a corresponding average rupture velocity of 3.0–3.2km/s. The overall rupture character is quite smooth, accentuating the directivity effects and reducing the shaking intensity, however there are three regions with enhanced moment rate distributed along the rupture zone near the epicenter, 50 to 80km south of the epicenter, and 110 to 140km south of the epicenter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 18 (1996), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Linea alba ; Diastasis ; Incisional hernia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La ligne blanche représente la principale voie d'abord en chirurgie abdominale traditionnelle et, par conséquent, le siège le plus fréquent des éventrations abdominales. Le but de ce travail était de réviser sa morphologie et d'étudier ses paramètres mécaniques de résistance, de déformation et d'élasticité, afin de les comparer à ceux des matériaux prothétiques les plus souvent utilisés dans les cures d'éventration. Quarante cadavres frais ont été disséqués, et des tests au dynamomètre et à l'éclatomètre ont été pratiqués sur des échantillons prélevés dans la ligne blanche à trois niveaux: supra-ombilical, infra-ombilical et au niveau de l'ombilic. Quarante scanners abdomino-pelviens ont été analysés. Les résultats morphologiques permettent de définir le diastasis des muscles droits en fonction de l'âge des sujets : en-dessous de 45 ans sera considéré diastatique un écart entre les deux muscles droits supérieur à 10 mm en supra-ombilical, 27 mm au niveau de l'anneau ombilical et 9 mm en infra-ombilical; au-delà de 45 ans les valeurs seront de 15 mm, 27 mm et 14 mm respectivement. Quant à l'étude bio-mécanique, la région infraombilicale présente un coefficient d'élasticité supérieur à celui de la portion supra-ombilicale, mais aucune différence significative de résistance n'a été retrouvée entre les différentes portions étudiées. Les résultats bio-mécaniques sont comparés aux données correspondantes aux matériaux prothétiques.
    Notes: Summary Traditionally, the linea alba represents the principal route of approach in abdominal surgery and in consequence it is the commonest site of incisional hernia. The aim of this study was to review its morphology and to study its mechanical parameters of resistance, deformation and elasticity in order to compare these with the prosthetic materials most often used in the treatment of incisional hernia. Forty fresh cadavers were dissected and tests with a dynamometer and “bursting strength tester” were performed on samples taken from the linea alba at three leveels: supra-umbilical, subumbilical and umbilical. Forty abdomino-pelvic scans were analysed. The morphologic results allowed definition of diastasis of the rectus mm. in terms of subject age: below 45 years of age diastasis was considered as a separation of the two rectus mm. exceeding 10 mm above the umbilicus, 27 mm at the umbilical ring and 9 mm below the umbilicus; above 45 years of age the corresponding values were 15 mm, 27 mm and 14 mm respectively. In the biomechanical study the subumbilical region exhibited a coefficient of elasticity greater than that of the supra-umbilical portion, but no significant difference in resistance was found between the different parts studied. The biomechanical results are compared with the corresponding data for prosthetic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation (relative to ambient) on marine trophic levels inhabiting a stratified coastal ecosystem, using living models (13 000 liter marine enclosures) of a temperate estuarine water column. The experiment was carried out in June and July 1994 on a plankton community drawn from lower Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. The effects of altered UV-B radiation (elevated 50% over ambient, tenfold DNA-weighted) on three trophic strata: the primary producers (photosynthetic algae), primary herbivores (copepods), and fish eggs and larvae (Anchoa mitchilli Cuvier and Valenciennes) were examined. The goal was to determine if UV-B–induced alterations at the base of the food chain had impacts on other elements of the trophic web. Phytoplankton abundance (P=0.02) and biomass (P=0.007) were significantly reduced in UV-B–enhanced treatments, above but not below the thermocline (2.25 m), during the second week of the study. Copepod nauplii were significantly less abundant in UV-B–enhanced mesocosms than in control treatments during the third and fourth weeks of the study (P=0.01). A portion of the impact on nauplii may be a result of alterations at the base of the food web. The greater mortality of nauplii in UV-B–enhanced systems did not translate to reduced abundance of copepodite (P=0.83) or adult (P=0.29) copepods. No significant effects were observed for microzooplankton (P=0.15). Neither the mortality rates nor the growth rates of larval anchovy were significantly affected by the experimental increase in UV-B (P〉0.05). Despite the tenfold increase in biologically damaging UV-B, effects were not seen at higher trophic levels, most likely because of the rapid extinction of UV-B in the highly colored coastal water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 653-662 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Autoimmune disease ; T cell vaccination ; T cell clone ; Multiple sclerosis ; Myelin basic protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  T cell responses to myelin basic protein (MBP) are implicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). These MBP autoreactive T cells are found to undergo in vivo activation and clonal expansion in patients with MS. They accumulate in the brain compartment and may reside in the brain lesions of patients with MS. As MBP-reactive T cells potentially hold a central position in initiation and perpetuation of the brain inflammation, specific immune therapies designed to deplete them may improve the clinical course of the disease. We review here the recent application of T cell vaccination in patients with MS to deplete circulating MBP-reactive T cells. The results of our phase I clinical trial indicate that T cell vaccination with inactivated MBP autoreactive T cells induces specific regulatory T cell network of the host immune system to deplete circulating MBP-reactive T cells in a clonotype-specific fashion. The immunity induced by T cell vaccination is clonotype specific and long-lasting. Our longitudinal clinical evaluation further suggests a moderately lower rate of clinical exacerbation, disability score, and brain lesions (measured by magnetic resonance imaging) in vaccinated patients than in matched controls. Our study should encourage further investigation on the treatment efficacy of T cell vaccination and further improvement for its clinical administration in other human autoimmune diseases. This review discusses the immune regulation and therapeutic administration of T cell vaccination in human autoimmune diseases, exemplified by our recent T cell vaccination trial in MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Mycobacteria · ; Infectious diseases · ; Immune reactions · ; Cutaneous testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Some 840 bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy controls and tuberculosis patients from two Chinese hospitals were submitted to comparative skin tests with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD; as reference) and with the antigen complex A60 from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. In a first trial, including 581 persons (185 healthy juveniles, 180 healthy adults and 216 tuberculosis patients), a limited dose of A60 (1μg) was used. Performance of the A60 test was similar to that of 5 I.U. PPD for controls (cut-off values=5 mm induration diameter), but lower than that seen for tuberculosis patients (10 mm cut-off values). A second survey was conducted on 259 persons (109 recently revaccinated healthy persons, considered as tuberculin-negative in the first trial, and 150 tuberculosis patients), using a higher dose of A60 (2 μg) and the same dose of PPD (5 I.U.). Similar results were obtained with the two tests in all cases, thus supporting the possibility of PPD replacement by A60 in cutaneous testing. The pattern of induration diameter distribution in healthy subjects who took part in the first testing round (64% positively rate) was displaced to the inactivity side (with a peak at 5 to 9-mm diameter), in comparison with the second round (90% positivity rate and peak at 10–14 mm). This indicates a progressive fading of cellular immunity reactions after BCG vaccination. In tuberculosis patients, no correlation was found among the following three parameters: positivity at cutaneous testing (with PPD or A60), titer of anti-A60 mycobacterial immunoglobulins in blood (IgG titer higher than cut-off line) and presence of mycobacteria in sputum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Fentanyl ; Absorption ; Safety ; Intratracheal administration ; Animals ; Intensive care unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To study the pharmacokinetics and local tissue effects resulting from the intratracheal administration of preservative-free fentanyl. Design Prospective, randomized, blinded and controlled animal study. Setting University research laboratory. Subjects Eighteen adult male New Zealand rabbits. Interventions Preservative-free fentanyl citrate or normal saline was administered by the intratracheal (i.t.) and intravenous (i.v.) routes to randomized groups of rabbits. The animals were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h following administration. Measurements and main results Plasma concentrations of fentanyl were measured before administration and at 2, 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 min following administration by a specific radioimmunoassay. A detailed histological examination of the lung and tracheal tissue was performed to identify local side effects. There were no significant differences in the plasma fentanyl concentrations resulting from the i.v. or i.t. route of administration. In both groups, the concentrations of fentanyl were within the therapeutic range (i.t. 2.37 ng/ml, i.v. 2.53 ng/ml) by 2 min after injection and reached a maximum concentration within 5 min. The bioavailability of i.t. fentanyl was 71%. Microscopic examination of the respiratory system did not show significant differences between the two random groups overall. However, in the sub-group of animals killed at 24 h, more animals in the i.t. group showed signs of inflammation in the lung parenchyma. Conclusions There is rapid absorption of fentanyl following i.t. administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters for fentanyl were not significantly altered by the route of administration. Although there were no signs that i.t. administration of preservative-free fentanyl produces lung injury, a transient and mild inflammatory response was detected at 24 h after administration
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the toluene dioxygenase (TDO) genes from Pseudomonas putida convert indene to cis-1S,2R-indandiol, a potentially important intermediate for the chemical synthesis of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor, Crixivan. A bioconversion process was developed through optimization of medium composition and reaction conditions at the shake-flask and 23-l fermentor scales. A cis-1,2-indandiol productivity of approx. 1000 mg/l was achieved with construct TDO123, which represents a 50-fold increase over the initial titer. Varying the bioconversion conditions did not change the enantiomeric excess (e.e.) for the 1S,2R enantiomer from about 30%, suggesting that toluene dioxygenase intrinsically converts indene to 1S,2R- and 1R,2S-indandiols at a ratio of 2:1. Further inclusion of the Pseudomonas dehydrogenase gene in construct D160-1 led to the production of chirally pure cis-1S,2R-indandiol (e.e. 〉 99%) as a result of the selective degradation of the 1R,2S enantiomer, with the overall yield (650 mg/l) proportionally reduced. A single stage process was developed for D160-1 and scaled up to the 23-l fermentor, achieving a cis-1S,2R-indandiol titer of 1200 mg/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 42.60; 81.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 42.60; 81.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper reports the micromachining of fused quartz and Pyrex glass by laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) using a conventional nanosecond laser at wavelengths 266 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm, respectively. High-quality surface structuring can be achieved at each of these wavelengths. The micrograting formed has periods of 14 μm at 266 nm, 20 μm at 532 nm, and 30 μm at 1064 nm, respectively. The ablation rate using a 266 nm laser is much larger than that at longer wavelengths. The ablation thresholds of laser fluence are 0.7 J/cm2 for 266 nm, 1.5 J/cm2 for 532 nm and 3.7 J/cm2 for 1064 nm, respectively. The 532 nm and 1064 nm lasers enable hole drilling in 0.5 and 2.0-mm thick fused quartz and Pyrex glass substrates of about 0.7–0.8 mm in diameter. However, the less destructive through channel can be only formed in Pyrex glass by using a 532 nm laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 188-193 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Vestibular schwannomas ; estrogen receptor ; glucocorticoid receptor ; polymerase chain reaction ; progesterone receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that steroid hormones play a role in vestibular schwannoma proliferation has been suggested by a number of investigators. There is conflicting information about the presence of steroid hormone receptors in these tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of androgen, progesterone, glucocorticoid and estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels (mRNA) in twenty-one vestibular schwannomas by either Northern blot analysis or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA was expressed in all twentyone tumors examined. Only two male specimens were positive for androgen receptor mRNA expression by PCR-Southern blot analysis. Thirty-three percent of the schwannomas (7/21) showed a strong band for progesterone receptor mRNA by PCR-Southern blot analysis; there were an equal number of males and females in this group. Estrogen receptor mRNA levels were undetectable in all tumors examined by PCR-Southern blot analysis. These studies suggest that the pattern of steroid receptor expression is different in schwannomas than in meningiomas. Individual vestibular schwannomas need to be examined for their steroid receptor mRNA expression mRNA expression to know whether they will be responsive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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