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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 5423-5430 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The measured amplitude M(q,t) in a pulsed field gradient spin echo experiment probes the pore structure using two length scales, the gradient length q−1, and the diffusion length [D(t)t]1/2. M(q,t) can be well represented by a convolution of the structure factor of the connected pore space with an appropriate Gaussian propagator. This ansatz provides a model-independent way of obtaining the structure factor. In this paper, we consider the forward problem of understanding the amplitude M(q,t) using the simplest possible models for the structure factors which involve only one length scale. The most prominent among the simple models is the Debye model, which provides us with an understanding of the various length scales in the problem. We study several other structure factors, all definable by a single parameter—collections of tubes, collections of sheets, and collections of impenetrable spheres. We discuss periodic geometries for which the ansatz becomes exact in the long time limit. Implications for a ball and stick model for the pore geometry are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective To determine whether fetal sex can be predicted from fetal DNA retrieved transcervically from the lower part of the uterine cavity in the first trimester of pregnancy.Design Prospective observational study.Setting St James's University Hospital, Leeds.Subjects 33 women undergoing legal termination of pregnancy at 9 to 13 weeks gestational age.Interventions Before termination of pregnancy samples for DNA analysis were obtained with cotton wool swabs from the vagina, cervix and transcervically in 26 women. In the other seven women samples were obtained using a transcervical cell retrieval (TraCeR) procedure involving flushing the lower uterine cavity with 5 ml saline.Main outcome measures Detection of Y-chromosome specific DNA sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cotton wool swabs taken from the lower uterus in the first trimester of pregnancy to predict fetal sex in comparison with standard cytogenetic analysis. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of samples obtained by flushing of the lower uterine cavity (TraCeR) to confirm the presence of trophoblast.Results Fetal sex was predicted accurately in 25 of the 26 pregnancies investigated. Immunohistochemical analysis identified syncytial trophoblast fragments in all seven pregnancies investigated by TraCeR.Conclusion Trophoblast may be retrieved from the lower uterus in the first trimester by swabs or TraCeR. When purification of these syncytial fragments can be achieved using immuno-magnetic technology, this test will enable prenatal diagnosis of single gene defects in the fetus by the polymerase chain reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A bench top instrument has been constructed which allows for the measurements of radiance, directional-hemispherical reflection, and directional-hemispherical transmission from materials at elevated temperatures from 100 to over 2000 °C. The instrument measures these radiative properties over a wide spectral range, in the near- and mid-IR, from 12 500 to 500 cm−1 (0.8–20 μm). These measurements are then processed to determine the spectral emittance of the material and the temperature at the point of measurement. The instrument has applications for (1) industrial quality control of radiative properties of processed materials; (2) research and development of new materials; (3) temperature measurement by optical techniques in the near- and mid-IR; and (4) determination of heat transfer properties of materials. This article describes the instrument and its novel components, and presents measurement results for several materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3543-3551 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We report on the design and testing of a new readout scheme for superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) arrays. By grouping the electrodes in rows and columns, this method drastically reduces the number of connections and electronic circuits required for reading out a large format array of pixelated detectors. Using charge sensitive amplifiers with junction field-effect transistors we verify that the energy resolution degrades primarily due to capacitance increase at the amplifier's input node. However, since each detector is readout by two independent circuits, these two outputs can be combined to increase the signal-to-noise level. For a N×N array, we show that the equivalent noise charge at the input worsens by a factor much less than N as compared to single device readout. We also report on a proof-of-principle experiment carried out on a two-by-two array of STJs using optical photon excitation. These measurements show that stable biasing of STJs is possible in this configuration and that the line resolutions are consistent with our theoretical predictions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1125-1126 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The studies and the experimental work for constructing an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for the new tritium linear accelerator (TRILAC) at the Institute of Atomic Physics are presented. The absence of consumable parts, the low neutral pressure, and the high ionization efficiency with light elements make ECRIS very attractive for this accelerator. Some special configurations for the microwave system and for the plasma chamber are presented. A suitable modified structure of a power helix-type traveling wave tube (glass envelope with helix) in conjunction with its corresponding lateral rectangular waveguide tapers is presented. Application of an iris-loaded circular waveguide (traveling wave structure of a linear accelerator) as a slow wave structure is also under study. Problems like unstable tuning and arcing, which are encountered in the known structures, could be avoided by using slow wave structures of traveling wave type.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1868-1873 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The in-well ambipolar diffusion coefficients and carrier lifetimes in ordered all-binary quantum wells, composed of (InAs)2(GaAs)5 short-period strained-layer superlattices (SPSLSs) grown on [001]-oriented GaAs substrates, are measured using picosecond optically induced transient grating and pump-probe techniques. Quantum wells containing SPSLSs may be expected to exhibit higher in-plane hole mobilities compared to InGaAs ternary alloy quantum wells because of a larger average indium content and reduced disorder scattering in the SPSLS structures. The results obtained in the SPSLSs are compared to those obtained in InGaAs alloy quantum wells of comparable well width and confinement energies. This indicates that, for a given SPSLS and its equivalent alloy, the ambipolar diffusion coefficients are comparable while the carrier lifetimes in the SPSLSs are longer. The longer carrier lifetimes in the SPSLSs suggest that these binary structures possess fewer nonradiative recombination centers than the alloys. The absence of a dramatic improvement in the transport properties, however, may indicate that imperfect interfaces in the SPSLSs may be offsetting their possible advantages, in spite of the fact that optical measurements in the SPSLSs indicate high quality and x-ray and transmission electron microscopic measurements demonstrate the binary nature of these structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 929-932 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The nonlinear optical properties of a n-i-p-i structure containing strained superlattice quantum wells in the intrinsic regions are studied using picosecond pump and probe pulses of the same photon energy. For pump fluences as low as 1.1 μJ/cm2, a blue shift of the excitonic resonance, caused by the screening of the built-in space-charge field and the accompanying reduction in the quantum-confined Stark effect, is clearly observed. At higher fluences, the onset of bleaching of the excitonic absorption is observed. The nonlinearities associated with the quantum confined Stark effect in the hetero n-i-p-i are directly compared to those arising from excitonic bleaching in identical strained superlattice quantum wells under flatband conditions. The picosecond time resolution allows a more accurate estimation of the carrier density in the hetero n-i-p-i by ignoring the density-dependent recombination and a quantitative comparison between the strength of the nonlinearities in the two structures. Although such comparisons depend on the optical fluence and structure of the hetero n-i-p-i, we find that the magnitudes of the nonlinearities in these two specific structures are comparable on a per carrier basis, although their spectral signatures are quite distinct.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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