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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Broadband ultrasound attenuation — Contact ultrasound bone analyzer — Bone mineral density — Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry — Chronic rheumatic diseases.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Osteoporosis is a common complication in children with chronic rheumatic diseases (CRD). Although dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is increasingly being used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) in children, it exposes the subject to ionizing radiation and does not provide a measure of true bone density; in fact, in growing bones the increase in BMD is mainly caused by the increase in bone size. In recent years, quantitative ultrasound techniques (QUS) have been used in radiation-free assessment of bone density and ``bone quality'' by measurement of the ultrasound waves attenuation by bone (BUA). In the present study we made a direct comparison of BUA in the calcaneum, determined by the pediatric contact ultrasound bone analyzer (CUBA) with lumbar BMD measured by DXA, in a group of 6–18-year-old patients with CRD. The study group consisted of 53 patients affected with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (n = 29), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 13), and juvenile dermatomyositis (n = 11). Mean age was 13.02 ± 2.69 years. In 22 patients (19 girls, 3 boys) both DXA and CUBA were repeated after 1 year in order to assess the mean percentage rate of BMD and BUA change over this time. Both lumbar spine BMD and calcaneal BUA measurements were lower in the CRD patients compared with a control group (P 〈 0.001). Calcaneal BUA was significantly correlated (r = 0.83, P 〈 0.001) with lumbar spine BMD. Age and sex correction (Z-score) did not change the relationship between BUA and BMD (r = 0.80, P 〈 0.001). A significant correlation between the mean percentage of variation (Δ%) of BMD and BUA (r = 0.76, P 〈 0.001) was also demonstrated in the 22 patients who were evaluated prospectively. Portability, ease of use, lower cost, and absence of radiation make CUBA a promising means of evaluating BMD in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 25.70.Lm Strongly damped collisions – 25.70.Pq Multifragment emission and correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Primary and secondary masses of heavy reaction products have been deduced from kinematics and E-ToF measurements, respectively, for the direct and reverse collisions of 93Nb and 116Sn at 25 AMeV. Light charged particles have also been measured in coincidence with the heavy fragments. Direct experimental evidence of the correlation of energy-sharing with net mass transfer has been found using information from both the heavy fragments and the light charged particles. The ratio of hydrogen and helium multiplicities points to a further correlation of angular momentum sharing with net mass transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 562-569 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Wärmebehandlung von Cu-Ni 70/30 Legierungen auf die Lochkorrosionsempfindlichkeit in Meerwasser bei verschiedenen TemperaturenMit Proben unterschiedlichen Gefüges aus kommerziellen CuNi 70/30 Legierungen wurden verschiedene Versuchsserien durchgeführt. Das Gefüge der homogenisierten Proben wurde durch Glühbehandlungen modifiziert, wodurch die Korngröße erheblich zunahm und intermetallische Verbindungen ausgeschieden wurden.Elektrochemische Untersuchungen und Versuche bei freier Korrosion erfolgten bei 20, 40, 60 und 80°C in ruhendem Meerwasser mit einem pH-Wert von 8,2 und einem gelösten Sauerstoffgehalt zwischen 6,5 ppm (bei 20°C) und 3,0 ppm (bei 80°C). Die an der Metalloberfläche anhaftenden Korrosionsprodukte wurden mit chemischen und XPS Methoden analysiert.Folgende Befunde konnten festgestellt werden:-bei den homogenisierten und geglühten Proben wurde mit steigender Temperatur eine Abnahme der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit und der selektiven Kupferauflösung beobachtet.-die geglühten Proben weisen im gesamten Temperaturbereich die höchsten Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten auf und erleiden Lochkorrosion bei niedriger Temperatur.
    Notes: A series of experiments was carried out on Cu-Ni 70/30 commercial alloy specimens presenting different microstructures. The microstructure of homogeneized specimens was modified with annealing treatments by which grain size significantly increased and intermetallic compounds precipitated, thus creating some dishomogeneity in the alloy.Free corrosion and electrochemical tests were carried out at 20, 40, 60, 80°C in quiescent sea water at pH 8.2 with dissolved oxygen (D.O) content ranging from 6.5 ppm (at 20°C) to 3.0 ppm (at 80°C). The corrosion products adherent to the metallic surface were analyzed with chemical and XPS methods.The following could be observed:-with increasing temperature, a decrease in corrosion rate and selective copper dissolution was observed in homogeneized and annealed specimens-the annealed specimens have the highest corrosion rate in the whole temperature range and undergo pitting corrosion at low temperature.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 442-446 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The corrosion mechanism of Cu-Ni 70/30 alloy in quiescent seawater at 80°C with a dissolved oxygen content of .3.0 ppm was studied with electrochemical and free corrosion tests. The passive films formed on free corroded specimens after an exposure time of 10 min-360 h were analysed with XPS.Free corrosion tests show that Cu-Ni alloy undegoes copper-selective dissolution; the kinetics of the dissolution process are governed by a transport-limited mechanism. Electrochemical tests show that the overall corrosion process is under cathodic control and that the reduction of dissolved oxygen is the most important parameter of the corrosion process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the composition of the passive films changes by changing the exposure time. The main components of the passive films formed on metallic surfaces are Ni compounds after the shorter exposure time and Cu compounds after a longer exposure time.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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