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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpenetrating polymer networks: A review on synthesis and properties (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 35 (1994), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: Interpenetrating polymer networks ; synthesis ; properties ; mechanism ; structure-property relationship ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A review containing 83 references on the chemistry aspects (mechanism and structure-property relationships) for IPN synthesis is presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210350201
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p-acetyl benzylidene triphenylarsonium ylide initiated radical terpolymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile and copper acrylate: synthesis, characterization and properties (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 41 (1996), S. 407-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: terpolymerization ; kinetics ; thermal properties ; arsonium ylide ; styrene ; acrylonitrile ; copper acrylate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solution terpolymerization of styrene (Sty), acrylonitrile (AN) and copper acrylate (CuA) has been carried out in dimethylformamide at 90°C for 4 h using p-acetyl benzylidene triphenylarsonium ylide as radical initiator. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), IR and elemental analysis have been used to characterized the terpolymer. Analysis of kinetic data indicates the following rate equation: $$R_{\rm p} \propto \left[ {{\rm ylide}} \right]^{0.5} \left[ {{\rm Sty}} \right]\left[ {{\rm AN}} \right]{1 \over {\left[ {{\rm CuA}} \right]}}$$ The overall activation energy is 38 kJ mol-1. The composition of terpolymer calculated from NMR and elemental analysis has been used to evaluate reactivity ratios as r1(Sty) = 5 ± 2 and r2(AN + CuA) = 0.4 ± 0.02 employing the Finemann-Ross method, which confirms its random origin. The terpolymer was thermally stable up to 2007deg;C.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous current emission in metal-ferrocene-doped ethyl cellulose-metal systems (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 35 (1994), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: spontaneous current emission ; activation centres ; barrier polarization ; plasticization effect ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Spontaneous current emission (SCE) has been studied in sandwiched different electrode configurations [metal(1)-undoped/doped ethyl cellulose (EC)-metal (1)/(2)] as a function of heating rate, film thickness and dopant concentration in the temperature range 40-200°C. The magnitude and direction of current depend on the combination of electrode metals. SCE thermograms for the Al undoped/doped EC-AI system exhibit two well resolved transition at 110 and 160°C in opposite directions to each other. The phenomena related to these transitions are explained in terms of creation of field at the interfaces and field produced in the bulk of the material. No negative direction transition was observed for electrode systems like Ag-Ag, Pb-Pb, Sn-Sn and Au-Au except for a shoulder of a peak around 100°C. When dissimilar electrode systems (i.e. Al-undoped/doped EC-Ag/Pb/Sn) are used, the current rises and then saturates beyond around 160°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210350205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of zinc acrylate with acrylonitrile initiated by As2S3-styrene complex (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 34 (1994), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: Zinc acrylate ; acrylonitrile ; As2S3-styrene complex ; copolymerization ; dilatometry ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Radical copolymerization of zinc acrylate (ZnA2) with acrylonitrile (AN), initiated by As2S3-styrene complex(I), in dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) at 90 ± 0.1°C for 1.0h under inert atmosphere, yields non-alternating copolymers. The kinetic expression is Rp ∝ [I]0.33 [ZnA2]0.25 [AN]0.44, i.e. the system follows non-ideal kinetics, which is due to primary radical termination as well as degradative chain transfer reactions. The values for activation energy (E) and k2p/kt are 128kJ mol-1 and 8.57 × 10-7 litre mol-1 s-1, respectively. Thermal stability, solubility in different solvents, and IR and NMR spectra have been evaluated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210340114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sulfur mustard on microhardness of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of sulfur mustard (SM), a well-known chemical warfare agent on the microhardness of two poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films was investigated at different loads. SM induces hardness in PET films, perhaps due to an antiplasticizing effect. Heat treatment of the films enhanced their microhardness. The heat-set films show a further increase in their microhardness after exposure to SM. These results were supported by physicochemical techniques like plasma and amine etching, which revealed complex etching phenomena giving rise to a structure-specific pattern. The film having a higher weight loss due to plasma and amine etching showed lower microhardness. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of zinc-containing epoxy resin (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Novel epoxy resins containing zinc acrylate have been synthesized by reacting zinc acrylate with bisphenol-A and an excess of epichlorohydrin. Parameters such as epoxy equivalent weight, hydroxyl content, and hydrolyzable chlorine content have been estimated. These resins, characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, have been evaluated by thermal analysis. Curing was carried out with polyamide at 130°C for 24 h. Cured resins have improved thermal and chemical resistance. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with activation energy 86 and 34 kJ mol-1 in the presence and absence of zinc acrylate. The role of zinc, which increases epoxidation due to formation of complex with bisphenol-A, has been discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and regulation of the culture reduction state in Clostridium acetobutylicum (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: solventogenic metabolism ; NADH content ; NADH fluorescence ; continuous fermentation ; butanol biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With a constant glucose feed concentration, the change in the continuous culture dillution rate resulted in an altered fermentation profile and the cellular NADH content. The cultures growing at high dillution rates demonstrated an oxidative metabolism low NADH and butanol concentrations. The low specific NADH flourescence (F/X) at high butanol production rates suggested that a rapid regeneration of NADH to NAD is essential for a high solventogenic culture activity. The culture florescence and butanol concentration remained constant in the solventogenic dilution rate range of D = 0.05-0.2 h-1 with an inverse relationship between the specific flourescence (F/X) and the specific butanol production rate, qB. Flourometric NADH observations were confirmed by enzymatic NADH determination. The stiochiometric “Fermentation Equation” was used to check the experimental data consistency and to investigate the role of the available biosynthetic and reduction energy on the culture metabolic activities under different growth conditions. The butanol concentration in the broth was stabilized in a fed-batch process when the culture NADH fluorescence was being controlled through the addition of fresh medium.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NADH fluorscence in a carbon-limited fermentation (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: continuous flow acetone-butanol fermentations ; reduction energy ; solvent production activity ; inlet sugar concentrations ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The continuous flow acetone-butanol fermentation conducted at lowered inlet feed sugar concentrations and at a constant dilution rate D =0.075 h-1 demonstrated a significant decreases in the availability of the cell population “reduction energy” (F/X), resulting in an exclusive accumulation of intermediate acids under those conditions. The cultures resumed its solvent production activity when the inlet sugar concentration in the feed stream was increased from 20 to 40 g/L at the same low growth/dilution rates. A linear correlation between the culture reduction content (F/X) and the specific butanol rate (qB) was observed under the present conditions, indicating the necessity of the NADH availability for the increased solvent production.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380211
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of methacrylic acid and acrylonitrile by p-nitrobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium ylide (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 567-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of p-nitrobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium ylide (p-NBTPy) in dimethyl sulphoxide at 65 ± 0.1°C under inert atmosphere was investigated by dilatometry. The ylide failed to initiate the polymerization, but significantly accelerated the rate of polymerization. An interesting feature is that the average polymer molecular weight (M̄v) is a direct function of [p-NBTPy]. The radical polymerization of MAA follows ideal kinetics since calculated monomer and initiator (AIBN) exponents are unity and 0.5, respectively. However, the AN system follows non-ideal kinetics due primarily to radical termination and transfer reactions. The energy of activation, in the presence of p-NBTPy, is low. The accelerating effect of p-NBTPy has been attributed to decreased termination because the ylide did not affect the rate of decomposition of AIBN, as well as form a complex with monomer(s).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310806
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical terpolymerization of zincacrylate, acrylonitrile, and styrene initiated by As2S3-styrene complex (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 528-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Terpolymerization was investigated by dilatometry for zincacrylate (ZnA2), acrylonitrile (AN), and styrene (St), radically initiated by a As2S3-styrene complex (I) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), at 90 ± 0.1°C for 1 h under inert atmosphere. The system follows non-ideal kinetics, due to primary radical termination as well as a degradative chain transfer reaction. The kinetic expression for the system is Rpα(I)0.27 (St)0.31 (AN) 0.22[ZnA2]0.12. The value for the activation energy and kp2/kt are 55 kJ mol-1 and 1.87 × 10-7 1 mol-1 s-1 respectively. The terpolymer has been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability and solubility of the terpolymer have also been studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340611
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