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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Critical Examination of the Use of the Term and Concept of Comorbidity in Psychopathology Research (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 1 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: The term and concept of comorbidlty has been receiving increasing currency in the psychopathology literature. Nevertheless, most uses of this term in contemporary psychopathology research do not adequately distinguish between the nature of conditions in organic medicine (which typically approximate “diseases”) and those in descriptive psychopathology (which are typically “syndromes” or, more rarely, “disorders”), and blur the distinction between latent constructs and manifest indicators. Specific problems with use of the term comorbidlty include its (a) application to childhood and personality disorders and (b) inconsistent usage. We conclude that, with the possible exception of its use to describe some organic mental disorders, application of the term comorbidlty to psychopathologlcal syndromes encourages the premature rerHcation of diagnostic entities and arguably has led to more confusion than clarification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1994.tb00007.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of low-temperature ion mixing of Y/Si bilayers on nuclear energy deposition (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7528-7532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bilayers of yttrium and amorphous silicon were irradiated with 600-keV Ar++, Kr++, and Xe++ ions at temperatures between 80 and 372 K. The mixing rates were considerably larger than rates predicted by a model based on overlapping thermal spikes, as well as predictions generated by an extension of the model to the case of nonoverlapping thermal spikes. However, the experimental mixing rates did exhibit a linear dependence on the nuclear energy deposited at the interface. This agrees qualitatively with the premise of nonoverlapping thermal spikes. We compare our results with other ion-mixed medium-Z, metal/metal systems which also show this tendency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348929
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the validity of a thermal spike mixing model for low-Z metals (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 1364-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low temperature ion beam mixing rates for Cu-Ti, Ni-Ti, and Fe-Ti layers have been found to be significantly lower than predicted by a popular semi-empirical thermal spike model. It has been proposed that the unavoidable hydrogen contamination of the as-deposited Ti films may have reduced the mixing rates, but the measurement of even lower mixing rates for Fe-V and Fe-Co bilayers shows the discrepancy to be more fundamental. Still, a systematic dependence on heat of mixing suggests that some sort of diffusional (thermal spike?) mechanism is involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346685
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature ion mixing of yttrium and silicon (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 1288-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion mixing of yttrium and amorphous silicon bilayers was measured as a function of fluence and temperature using 600-keV Xe++ ions between 80 and 498 K. At 80 K the mixing rate was in excellent agreement with a theoretical model based on thermal spike mixing. For temperatures up to ≈372 K, the temperature-dependent contributions accounted for less than 50% of the overall mixing rate. For mixing at or above 400 K, our results revealed the formation of an ion-beam-induced orthorhombic Y-Si phase, which is not normally formed during thermal anneals of such bilayers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345678
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-induced formation of stable and metastable phases in the Y-Si system (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1848-1850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bilayers of yttrium and amorphous silicon have been irradiated with 60 keV inert ions. Between liquid-nitrogen temperature and 100 °C, ion mixing resulted in an amorphous alloy of Y and Si. For temperatures of 125–190 °C, we observed formation of the YSi phase. YSi is not formed during thermal anneals of bilayers. Ion mixing at higher temperatures (≥205 °C) results in the formation of the stable YSi1.7 phase. Such sequential silicide formation has not been observed for comparable rare-earth silicides. The minimum temperatures for ion-induced YSi1.7 formation agrees with the prediction by a simple model which correlates vacancy mobility to phase transformation. The YSi formation temperature is associated with the onset of radiation-enhanced diffusion. This temperature does not correlate well with the prediction of the model, but agrees with a scaling based on the average cohesive energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105076
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do thermal spikes contribute to the ion-induced mixing of Ni into Zr, Ti, and Pd? (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1407-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-temperature ion beam mixing rates for Ni-Ti, Zr-Ni, and Pd-Ni bilayers significantly exceeded binary collision estimates, and appeared quite sensitive to thermodynamic driving forces. In the absence of a temperature dependence such a behavior is commonly ascribed to interdiffusion within thermal spikes. However, the Ni-Ti mixing rate was seen to vary linearly with nuclear damage energy for irradiation with 600 keV Xe, Kr, or Ar, 300 keV Ne or N, or 200 keV N ions, or 1 MeV Au ions (literature value). This excludes overlapping thermal spikes. An expression was derived for mixing due to nonoverlapping thermal spikes, but this could also not explain our results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103449
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asbestos-Associated Pleural Mesothelioma in School Teachers: A Discussion of Four Cases (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 643 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb24494.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low temperature ion beam mixing of bilayers and multilayers in the Ti-Cu system (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mixing rate for Ti-Cu bilayers irradiated by 600 keV Xe ions near liquidnitrogen temperature was found to be a factor of 1.6 smaller than estimated on the basis of a cylindrical thermal spike model. At room temperature radiation enhanced diffusion contributes measurably to the mixing. As was found previously for Fe-Ti and Ni-Ti samples, mixing was found to be considerably faster at the Cu-Ti interfaces of a multilayer sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343412
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateral spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral measurement with fan-beam design: effect of osteophytic calcifications on lateral and anteroposterior spine BMD (1995)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 15 (1995), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Lateral dual x-ray absorptiometry ; BMd ; Osteoarthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, fan beam (FB) designs have been made available by several manufacturers (Aloka, Hologic Lunar and Sophar) to measure lumbar spine bone mineral area density (BMD) in both an anteroposterior (AP) and a lateral projection. The present study was performed to evaluate some characteristics of a new dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) system for supine lateral scans in normals and to study possible advantages for patients with ostcophytic calcifications (OC). The precision errors of in vitro and in vivo measurements were estimated by an anthropomorphic phantom and in healthy volunteers. To study the effect of osteoarthritic changes on AP and lateral DXA measurements, BMC (bone mineral content) and BMD were measured in age-matched women (n=150) with and without OC. Precision errors for lateral BMD in vitro over 1 and 6 months were 0.58/0.67% (slow/fast scan modes) and 0.67/0.77% (slow/fast scan modes), respectively. The short- and mid-term reproducibility of BMD values were 2% and 3.5%, respectively, using the compare function (3.5% and 7.5%, respectively, without the compare facility). The analysis of women with and without OC (n=150) demonstrated higher mean values for AP BMD (0.892±0.145 g/cm2) in patients with OC (n=75) than in normals (0.836±0.135 g/cm2, n=75, difference 6.3%). For lateral scans, BMD differed to a minor degree (3.1%) in patients with OC (0,629±0.133 g/cm2) compared with normals (0.610±0.117 g/cm2). Corresponding results were obtained in fast FB mode. Furthermore, we found significant (P〈0.0001) correlations between BMD in lateral and AP scans in patients without OC (r=0.63) and in patients with OC (r=0.75). Although the FB design facilitated fast AP and lateral scans, the higher precision errors of lateral scans could limit its application in longitudinal studies. The use of compare function should be recommended. However, BMD of lateral scans was less influenced by OC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301772
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discomfort with space and motion: A possible marker of vestibular dysfunction assessed by the situational characteristics questionnaire (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment 15 (1993), S. 299-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3505
    Keywords: space and motion discomfort ; space phobia ; vestibular dysfunction ; panic disorder ; anxiety disorders ; depression ; balance disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Space and motion discomfort (SMD) refers to the situational specificity of symptoms occurring in some patients with vestibular dysfunction, such as those with balance disorders and some with panic disorder. SMD occurs in situations characterized by inadequate visual or kinesthetic information for normal spatial orientation. We report the results of two studies of the construct validity of the Situational Characteristics Questionnaire (SitQ), which has two subscales, both of which measure SMD: the SMD-I and SMD-II. In Study 1, the SitQ was administered to members of a self-help group for balance disorders, a psychiatric sample consisting of patients with panic disorder, nonpanic anxiety disorders, depression, and a sample of normals. SMD levels were the highest in the self-help balance group, next to the highest in the panic groups, and lowest in the remaining groups. In Study 2, the SitQ was administered to otolaryngological patients with vestibular dysfunction and to patients with hearing loss. SMD levels were higher in the vestibular patients. Data on internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity are presented. The SitQ, particularly the SMD-II, is recommended for quantifying space and motion discomfort in patients with anxiety and/or balance disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965035
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